Buddhistische Plastik in Japan bis in den Beginn des 8. Jahrhunderts n. Chr.

"Die 1. Aufl. erschien als Band XI der Arbeiten des Kunsthistorischen Institutes der Wiener Universita��t."

Die Ministerien des Kaiserthums O��sterreich, respective der o��sterreichisch-ungarischen Monarchie vom Beginne des Jahres 1848 bis in die Gegenwart; eine Chronologie.

"Auszug Aus Helfert's O��sterreichischem Jahrbuch, 1901.

Das deutsche madrigal : geschichte seiner entwickelung bis in die mitte des XVIII. jahrhunderts /

Enlarged from the author's inaug.-diss., Heidelberg, 1897.

NOVA ANOTA����O SINT��TICA, NUMA PERSPECTIVA DE DIREITO P��BLICO, AINDA AO AC��RD��O 212/95, DO TRIBUNAL CONSTITUCIONAL (PORTUGU��S), DE 20.04.1995 - O DEVER FUNDAMENTAL DE EXISTIR NA LEI EM VIGOR UMA RESPONSABILIDADE CRIMINAL DAS "PESSOAS COLECTIVAS" (OU "PESSOAS JUR��DICAS") E A CONSTITUI����O DA REP��BLICA PORTUGUESA, V.G. O CASO DO ART. 7�� DO REGIME GERAL DAS INFRAC����ES TRIBUT��RIAS E DO ART. 3.�� DO REGIME DAS INFRAC����ES ANTIECON��MICAS E CONTRA A SA��DE P��BLICA

Resumo: 1 ��� Sum��rio do Ac��rd��o do Tribunal Constitucional n.�� 212/1995, de 20 de Abril; 2 ��� Parte principal do Ac��rd��o do Tribunal Constitucional n.�� 212/1995, de 20 de Abril: cfr. http://www.tribunalconstitucional.pt/tc/acordaos/19950212.html , 18 de Maio de 2012; 3 ��� Anota����o sint��tica; 3.1 ��� Introdu����o �� anota����o sint��tica e suas caracter��sticas neste caso concreto; 4 ��� O RIAECSP (Regime das Infrac����es Anti-Econ��micas e Contra a Sa��de P��blica) e a responsabilidade criminal das pessoas colectivas e equiparadas, prevista no seu art. 3.��; 5 ��� Societas delinquere non potest?; 6 ��� Breves tra��os hist��ricos do brocardo societas delinquere non potest; 7 - Alguns dos marcos relevantes na Doutrina penal portuguesa recente acerca da responsabilidade penal das organiza����es, entes colectivos, pessoas colectivas, pessoas jur��dicas; 8 - Os art.os 12.��/2 e 2.�� da CRP e a Responsabilidade Criminal dos Entes Colectivos, pessoas jur��dicas; 9 - O art. 29.��/5 da CRP - ou o princ��pio non bis in idem - e a responsabilidade criminal das organiza����es, dos entes colectivos, das pessoas colectivas; 10 ��� Conclus��es. �� Summary: 1 - Summary Judgment of the Constitutional Court No. 212/1995 of 20 April; 2 - The main part of the Constitutional Court Ruling No. 212/1995 of 20 April: cfr. http://www.tribunalconstitucional.pt/tc/acordaos/19950212.html, May 18, 2012; 3 - short annotation; 3.1 - Introduction to synthetic note and its features in this particular case; 4 - The RIAECSP (Status of Anti-Economic Offences and Against Public Health) and the criminal liability of companies and similar persons, provided for in his art. 3; 5 - delinquere Societas non potest ?; 6 - Brief historical traces of societas aphorism delinquere non potest; 7 - Some of the important milestones in recent Portuguese criminal Doctrine about the criminal liability of organizations, public entities, legal persons, legal entities; 8 - art.os 12/2 and 2 of CRP and Criminal Responsibility of loved Collective, legal entities; 9 - Art. 29/5 CRP - or the principle of non bis in idem - and the criminal liability of organizations, collective entities, of legal persons; 10 - Conclusions.

Breve estudio de ilicitud sustancial en el derecho disciplinario colombiano

El estudio pretende establecer los lineamientos establecidos por la Corte Constitucional, los fallos y conceptos de la Procuradur��a, la sala disciplinaria del Consejo Superior de la Judicatura y la doctrina entre otros, frente a la ilicitud sustancial, como derrotero para endilgar la responsabilida disciplinaria.

Manual de la ley 734 de 2002 dirigido a los servidores p��blicos del pa��s no abogados

El lector tiene entre sus manos un manual esencialmente pr��ctico, el inter��s ha sido sobre todo recopilar y ordenar los datos normativos y jurisprudenciales existentes en nuestro ordenamiento sobre r��gimen disciplinario de los funcionarios p��blicos

As contribui����es ao PIS e a COFINS e a aplicabilidade do princ��pio constitucional da n��o cumulatividade

P��s-gradua����o em Direito - FCHS

Interessi finanziari e diritto sanzionatorio comunitario

L���oggetto della presente tesi di ricerca �� l���analisi della situazione attuale della protezione degli interessi finanziari delle Comunit�� Europee, oltre che le sue prospettive di futuro. Il lavoro �� suddiviso in due grandi parti. La prima studia il regime giuridico del Diritto sanzionatorio comunitario, cio��, la competenza sanzionatoria dell���Unione Europea. Questa sezione �� stata ricostruita prendendo in considerazione i precetti normativi del Diritto originario e derivato, oltre che le principali sentenze della Corte di Giustizia, tra cui assumono particolare rilievo le sentenze di 27 ottobre 1992, Germania c. Commissione, affare C-240/90 e di 13 settembre 2005 e di 23 ottobre 2007, Commissione c. Consiglio, affari C-176/03 e C-440/05. A questo segue l���analisi del ruolo dei diritti fondamentali nell���ordinamento comunitario, cos�� come la rilevanza della Convenzione Europea dei Diritti dell���Uomo e la Corte Europea dei Diritti dell���Uomo. Il secondo capitolo si sofferma particolarmente sullo studio delle sanzioni comunitarie, classificandole in ragione della loro natura giuridica alla luce anche dei principi generali di legalit��, di proporzionalit��, di colpevolezza e del non bis in idem. La seconda sezione sviluppa un���analisi dettagliata del regime giuridico della protezione degli interessi finanziari comunitari. Questa parte viene costruita indagando tutta l���evoluzione normativa e istituzionale, in considerazione anche delle novit�� pi�� recenti (ad esempio, l���istituzione del Pubblico Ministero Europeo). In questo contesto si definisce il contenuto del concetto di interessi finanziari comunitari, dato che non esiste un���analoga definizione comunitaria della fattispecie. L���attenzione del dottorando si concentra poi sulla Convenzione avente ad oggetto la tutela degli interessi finanziari delle Comunit�� Europee e i regolamenti del Consiglio n. 2988/95 e 2185/96, che costituiscono la parte generale del Diritto sanzionatorio comunitario. Alla fine si esamina la ricezione della Convenzione PIF nel Codice Penale spagnolo e i principali problemi di cui derivano. L���originalit�� dell���approccio proposto deriva dell���assenza di un lavoro recente che, in modo esclusivo e concreto, analizzi la protezione amministrativa e penale degli interessi finanziari della Comunit��. Inoltre, la Carta Europea di Diritti Fondamentali e il Trattato di Lisbona sono due grandi novit�� che diventeranno una realt�� tra poco tempo.

UHP metamorphic rocks of the Eastern Rhodope Massif, NE Greece: new constraints from petrology, geochemistry and zircon ages

In this PhD thesis, a multidisciplinary study has been carried out on metagranitoids and paragneisses from the Eastern Rhodope Massif, northern Greece, to decipher the pre-Alpine magmatic and geodynamic evolution of the Rhodope Massif and to correlate the eastern part with the western/central parts of the orogen. The Rhodope Massif, which occupies the major part of NE Greece and S Bulgaria, represents the easternmost part of the Internal Hellenides. It is regarded as a nappe stack of high-grade units, which is classically subdivided into an upper unit and a lower unit, separated by a SSE-NNW trending thrust plane, the Nestos thrust. Recent research in the central Greek Rhodope Massif revealed that the two units correspond to two distinct terranes of different age, the Permo-Carboniferous Thracia Terrane, which was overthrusted by the Late Jurassic/Early Cretaceous Rhodope Terrane. These terranes are separated by the Nestos suture, a composite zone comprising metapelites, metabasites, metagranitoids and marbles, which record high-pressure and even ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism in places. Similar characteristic rock associations were investigated during this study along several well-constrained cross sections in vincity to the Ada, Sidiro and Kimi villages in the Greek Eastern Rhodope Massif. Field evidence revealed that the contact zone of the two terranes in the Eastern Rhodope Massif is characterized by a m��lange of metapelites, migmatitic amphibolites/eclogites, strongly sheared orthogneisses and marbles. The systematical occurrence of this characteristic rock association between the terranes implies that the Nestos suture is a continuous belt throughout the Greek Rhodope Massif. In this study, a new UHP locality could be established and for the first time in the Greek Rhodope, metamorphic microdiamonds were identified in situ in their host zircons using Laser-Raman spectroscopy. The presence of the diamonds as well as element distribution patterns of the zircons, obtained by TOF-SIMS, indicate metamorphic conditions of T > 1000 ��C and P > 4 GPa. The high-pressure and ultrahigh-pressure rocks of the m��lange zone are considered to have formed during the subduction of the Nestos Ocean in Jurassic times at ~150 Ma. Melting of metapelitic rocks at UHP conditions facilitated the exhumation to lower crustal levels. To identify major crust forming events, basement granitoids were dated by LA-SF-ICPMS and SHRIMP-II U-Pb analyses of zircons. The geochronological results revealed that the Eastern Rhodope Massif consists of two crustal units, a structurally lower Permo-Carboniferous unit corresponding to the Thracia Terrane and a structurally upper Late Jurassic/Early Cretaceous unit corresponding to the Rhodope Terrane, like it was documented for the Central Rhodope Massif. Inherited zircons in the orthogneisses from the Thracia Terrane of the Eastern Rhodope Massif indicate the presence of a pre-existing Neoproterozoic and Ordovician-Silurian basement in this region. Triassic magmatism is witnessed by the zircons of few orthogneisses from the easternmost Rhodope Massif and is interpreted to be related to rifting processes. Whole-rock major and trace element analyses indicate that the metagranitoids from both terranes originated in a subduction-related magmatic-arc environment. The Sr-Nd isotope data for both terranes of the Eastern and Central Rhodope Massif suggest a mixed crust-mantle source with variable contributions of older crustal material as already indicated by the presence of inherited zircons. Geochemical and isotopic similarity of the basement of the Thracia Terrane and the Pelagonian Zone implies that the Thracia Terrane is a fragment of a formerly unique Permo-Carboniferous basement, separated by rifting and opening of the Meliata-Maliac ocean system in Triassic times. A branch of the Meliata-Maliac ocean system, the Nestos Ocean, subducted northwards in Late Jurassic times leading to the formation of the Late Jurassic/Early Cretaceous Rhodope magmatic arc on remnants of the Thracia Terrane as suggested by inherited Permo-Carboniferous zircons. The ~150 Ma zircon ages of the orthogneisses from the Rhodope Terrane indicate that subduction-related magmatism and HP/UHP metamorphism occurred during the same subduction phase. Subduction ceased due to the closure of the Nestos Ocean in the Late Jurassic/Early Cretaceous. The post-Jurassic evolution of the Rhodope Massif is characterized by the exhumation of the Rhodope core complex in the course of extensional tectonics associated with late granite intrusions in Eocene to Miocene times.

Conceptualizing impulsivity and risk taking in bipolar disorder: importance of history of alcohol abuse

Elevated levels of impulsivity and increased risk taking are thought to be core features of both bipolar disorder (BD) and addictive disorders. Given the high rates of comorbid alcohol abuse in BD, alcohol addiction may exacerbate impulsive behavior and risk-taking propensity in BD. Here we examine multiple dimensions of impulsivity and risk taking, using cognitive tasks and self-report measures, in BD patients with and without a history of alcohol abuse. Thirty-one BD subjects with a prior history of alcohol abuse or dependence (BD-A), 24 BD subjects with no history of alcohol abuse/dependence (BD-N), and 25 healthy control subjects (HC) were assessed with the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS) and the computerized Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART). Both BD groups scored significantly higher than controls on the BIS. In contrast, only the BD-A group showed impaired performance on the BART. BD-A subjects popped significantly more balloons than the BD-N and HC groups. In addition, subjects in the BD-A group failed to adjust their performance after popping balloons. Severity of mood symptomatology was not associated with performance on either task. The current study supports a primary role of prior alcohol abuse in risk-taking propensity among patients with bipolar disorder. In addition, findings suggest that impulsivity and risky behavior, as operationalized by self-report and experimental cognitive probes, respectively, are separable constructs that tap distinct aspects of the bipolar phenotype.

Neuroendocrine, behavioral and macrophage activity changes induced by picrotoxin effects in mice

The relevance and property of studies related to stress effects on immune function are undisputable. All studies conducted on stress-immune relationships, however, provide from physical and/or psychological stressors. Indeed, as far as it is of our knowledge brain-innate immune responses were not analyzed after anxiogenic-like drugs use. The present experiment was then undertaken to analyze the effects of picrotoxin (0.3, 0.6 and 1.0 mg/kg doses) on behavior, macrophage activity, serum corticosterone and noradrenaline (NE) levels and turnover in the brain of adult mice. Results showed that picrotoxin treatment in mice: (1) decreased motor and rearing activities in an open-field; (2) decreased the number of entries into the plus-maze open-arms and decreased the time spent in the exploration of the plus-maze open-arms; (3) decreased both motor activity and the level of holes exploration in the hole-board; (4) increased the levels of serum corticosterone in dose-dependent way; (5) increased noradrenaline (NE) and MHPG levels and NE turnover in the hypothalamus; and (6) increased Staphylococcus aureus and PMA-induced macrophage oxidative burst. However, and contrary to that reported after physical or psychological stress, this drug induced no effects on macrophage phagocytosis and NE levels and turnover in the frontal cortex. The present results are thus showing that picrotoxin induces some but not all neuro-innate immunity changes previously reported for inescapable foot-shock and psychological stressors in mice. These facts suggest that this chemical stressor triggers CNS pathways that might be somehow different from those fired by inescapable foot-shock and psychological stressors, leading to different neuro-innate immune responses. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All fights reserved.

Locus coeruleus mediates cold stress-induced polycystic ovary in rats

Previous reports about the rat ovary have shown that cold stress promotes ovarian morphological alterations related to a polycystic ovary (PCO) condition through activation of the ovarian sympathetic nerves. Because the noradrenergic nucleus locus coeruleus (LC) is activated by cold stress and synaptically connected to the preganglionic cell bodies of the ovarian sympathetic pathway, this study aimed to evaluate the LC`s role in cold stress-induced PCO in rats. Ovarian morphology and endocrine and sympathetic functions were evaluated after 8 wk of chronic intermittent cold stress (4 C, 3 h/d) in rats with or without LC lesion. The effect of acute and chronic cold stress upon the LC neuron activity was confirmed by Fos protein expression in tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive neurons. Cold stress induced the formation of follicular cysts, type III follicles, and follicles with hyperthecosis alongside increased plasma estradiol and testosterone levels, irregular estrous cyclicity, and reduced ovulation. Considering estradiol release in vitro, cold stress potentiated the ovarian response to human chorionic gonadotropin. Ovarian norepinephrine (NE) was not altered after 8 wk of stress. However, LC lesion reduced NE activity in the ovary of cold-stressed rats, but not in controls, and prevented all the cold stress effects evaluated. Cold stress increased the number of Fos/tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive neurons in the LC, but this effect was more pronounced for acute stress as compared with chronic stress. These results show that cold stress promotes PCO in rats, which apparently depends on ovarian NE activity that, under this condition, is regulated by the noradrenergic nucleus LC.

Nutritional status and overhydration: can bioimpedance spectroscopy be useful in haemodialysis patients?

Background: Protein-energy wasting (PEW), associated with inflammation and overhydration, is common in haemodialysis (HD) patients and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Objective: Assess the relationship between nutritional status, markers of inflammation and body composition through bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) in HD patients. Methods: This observational, cross-sectional, single centre study, carried out in an HD centre in Forte da Casa (Portugal), involved 75 patients on an HD programme. In all participating patients, the following laboratory tests were conducted: haemoglobin, albumin, C-reactive protein (CRP) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3]. The body mass index of all patients was calculated and a modified version of subjective global assessment (SGA) was produced for patients on dialysis. Intracellular water (ICW) and extracellular water (ECW) were measured by BIS (Body Composition Monitor��, Fresenius Medical Care��) after the HD session. In statistical analysis, Spearman���s correlation was used for the univariate analysis and linear regression for the multivariate analysis (SPSS 14.0). A P value of <.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: PEW, inversely assessed through the ICW/body weight (BW) ratio, was positively related to age (P<.001), presence of diabetes (P=.004), BMI (P=.01) and CRP (P=.008) and negatively related to albumin (p=.006) and 25(OH)D3 (P=.007). Overhydration, assessed directly through the ECW/BW ratio, was positively related with CRP (P=.009) and SGA (P=.03), and negatively with 25(OH)D3 (P=.006) and BMI (P=.01). In multivariate analysis, PEW was associated with older age (P<.001), the presence of diabetes (P=.003), lower 25(OH)D3 (P=.008), higher CRP (P=.001) and lower albumin levels (P=.004). Over-hydration was associated with higher CRP (P=.001) and lower levels of 25(OH)D3 (P=.003). Conclusions: Taking these results into account, the ICW/BW and ECW/BW ratios, assessed with BIS, have proven to be good markers of the nutritional and inflammatory status of HD patients. BIS may be a useful tool for regularly assessing the nutritional and hydration status in these patients and may allow nutritional advice to be improved and adjusted.