Esquisse d'une anthropologie clinique I. Anthropopsychiatrie et anthropologie sémiotique

La psychiatrie (la clinique psychopathologique en général) connaît en ce début de XXIe siècle une situation complexe. Coincée entre naturalisation de l'esprit et constructionnisme social, la possibilité de contribuer à la constitution d'une science autonome qui traite de la souffrance psychique est aujourd'hui problématique. Les nombreux réductionnismes à l'oeuvre, de type nosographique, diagnostique, psychopharmacologique, les concurrences épistémologiques et les dogmatismes des modèles psychothérapeutiques, dessinent un paysage où s'engager à poursuivre la voie d'une psychiatrie spécifiquement humaine et articulée aux sciences naturelles relève de la gageure. C'est le défi de l'anthropologie clinique. Deux articles lui sont consacrés. Dans ce premier article, après avoir fait le constat de certaines impasses qui menacent la psychiatrie contemporaine et rappelé les origines du projet de l'anthropologique clinique, les auteurs présentent les deux démarches qui la fondent, chacune opérant dans un esprit d'interdisciplinarité : l'anthropopsychiatrie de Jacques Schotte et l'anthropologie sémiotique formulée par Jean Lassègue, Victor Rosenthal et Yves-Marie Visetti. Un deuxième article déploiera le potentiel intégratif d'un tel paradigme, constitué sur la base de ces deux démarches conjointes. Psychiatry (psychopathology clinics in general) is in a complex situation at the beginning of 21st century. Wedged between mind naturalization and social constructionism, the possibility of contributing to the establishment of an autonomous science that deals with mental suffering is problematic today. The many nosographic, diagnostic, psychopharmacological reductionisms at work as well as the competing epistemologies and the dogmatisms of psychotherapeutic models draw a challenging landscape for those following the path of a specifically human psychiatry articulated to natural sciences. This is the challenge of clinical anthropology which is presented in two parts. In the first part, after examining several dead ends which threaten contemporary psychiatry and pointing out the origins of the clinical anthropology project, the authors present its two foundational approaches. Each approach driven by a spirit of interdisciplinarity : Jacques Schotte's anthropopsychiatry and the semiotic anthropology as formulated by Jean Lassègue, Victor Rosenthal and Yves-Marie Visetti. A second part will describe the integrative potential of such a paradigm, based on these two joint approaches.

Financialization and financial profit

This article starts from the critical review of the concept of financial capital. I consider it is necessary not to confuse this category with of financialization, which has acquired a certificate of naturalization from the rise of neoliberalism. Although financial monopoly-financial capital is the hegemonic segment of the bourgeoisie in the major capitalist countries, their dominance does not imply, a fortiori, financialization of economic activity, since it depends of the conditions of the process reproduction of capital. The emergence of joint stock companies modified the formation of the average rate of profit. The "promoter profit" becomes one of the main forms of income of monopoly-financial capital. It is postulated that financial profit is a kind of "extraordinary surplus-value" which is appropriated by monopoly-financial capital by means of the monopolistic control it exerts on the issue and circulation of fictitious capital.

Henri Bergson e a simbiose cognitivo-psíquica na relação subjetividade & trabalho

The main purpose of this paper is to amplify the current theoretical scenario of "Mental Health and Work" area, according to the Henri Bergson's philosophy and his concepts of perception, cognition, duration, psychic life, time and subjectivity. This theoretical-philosophical article aims to shed new light on the relations between philosophy of mind and present-day efforts toward a scientific theory of cognition, with its complex structure of theories, hypotheses and disciplines. There is in this paper a new approach to understand the contemporary cognitive sciences in a kind of phenomenological investigation initiated by Husserl's phenomenology. The methods employed were the systematic review and adaptation of Bergson's concepts, and its naturalization in the actual context of epistemological and ontological principles of cognitive sciences, to phenomenological analysis of "work-mental health" links. The current contributions of the Husserl's Phenomenology were used to understand the relations between mental health and work. There are also references to philosophy applied in contemporary cognitive sciences based on Bergson's theoretic-philosophical proposal.

Manufacturing 'authenticity' : a case study of the Niagara wine cluster

In this thesis, I use "Fabricating Authenticity," a model developed in the Production of Culture Perspective, to explore the evolving criteria for judging what constitute "real" and authentic Niagara wines, along with the naturalization of these criteria, as the Canadian Niagara wine cluster has come under increasing stress from globalization. Authenticity has been identified as a hallmark of contemporary marketing and important to cultural industries, which can use it for creating meaningful differentiation; making it a renewable resource for securing consumers, increasing market value; and for relationships with key brokers. This is important as free trade and international treaties are making traditional protective barriers, like trade tariffs and markups, obsolete and as governments increasingly allocate industry support via promotion and marketing policies that are directly linked to objectives of city and regional development, which in turn carry real implications for what gets to be judged authentic and inauthentic local culture. This research uses a mixed methods research strategy, drawing upon ethnographic observation, marketing materials, newspaper reports, and secondary data to provide insight into the processes and conflicts over efforts to fabricate authenticity, comparing the periods before and after the passage of NAFT A to the present period. The Niagara wine cluster is a good case in point because it has little natural advantage nor was there a tradition of quality table wine making to facilitate the naturalization of authenticity. Geographic industrial clusters have been found particularly competitive in the global economy and the exploratory case study contributes to our understanding of the dynamic of '1abricating authenticity," building on various theoretical propositions to attempt to derive explanations of how global processes affect strategies to create "authenticity," how these strategies affect cultural homogeneity and heterogeneity at the local level, and how the concept of "cluster" contributes to the process of managing authenticity.

Ambivalent longings: Heim and its prefix : anxiety and the discourse of home

Please consult the paper edition of this thesis to read. It is available on the 5th Floor of the Library at Call Number: Z 9999 P55 N37 2005

Ethics, tourists and the environmental practices of the North American cruise ship industry: a comparison study of the ethical standards of Alaskan and Caribbean cruise ship tourists

Please consult the paper edition of this thesis to read. It is available on the 5th Floor of the Library at Call Number: Z 9999 R43 S54 2005

Bee Communities in Restored Landfill Sites of Niagara Region

This study examined the impact of habitat restoration on bee communities (Hymenoptera: Apidae) of the Niagara Region, Ontario, Canada. Bee abundance and diversity was studied in three restored landfill sites: the Glenridge Quarry Naturalization Site (GQNS) in St. Catharines, Elm Street Naturalization Site in Port Colborne, and Station Road Naturalization Site in Wainfleet during 2011 and 2012. GQNS represented older sites restored from 2001-2003. Elm and Station sites represented newly restored landfills as of 2011. These sites were compared to control sites at Brock University where bee communities are well established and again to other landfills where no stable habitat was available before restoration. The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of restoration level on bee abundance and diversity in restored landfill sites of the Niagara Region. Based on the increased disturbance hypothesis (InDH) and the intermediate disturbance hypothesis (IDH), I hypothesized that bee abundance and diversity will follow two patterns. First pattern according to InDH suggest that as the disturbance decrease the bee abundance and diversity will increased. Second pattern according to the IDH bee abundance and diversity will be the highest at the intermediate level of disturbance. A total of 7 173 bees were collected using pan traps and flower collections, from May to October 2011 and 2012. Bees were classified to five families, 21 genera and sub-genera, containing at least 78 species. In 2011 bee abundance was not significantly different among restoration levels while in 2012 bee abundance was significant difference among restoration level. According to family there were no significant difference in Halictidae and Apidae abundance among restoration level while Colletidae and Megachilidae abundance were varied among restoration levels. The bee species richness was highest in the newly restored sites followed by restored control sites, and then the control site. The current study demonstrates that habitat restoration results in rapid increases in bee abundance and diversity for newly restored sites, and, further, that it takes only 2-3 years for bee assemblages in newly restored sites to arrive at the same levels of abundance and diversity as in nearby control sites where bee communities are well established.

Le « nanomonde » et le renversement de la distinction entre nature et technique : entre l’artificialisation de la nature et la naturalisation de la technique

Les nanosciences et les nanotechnologies (NST) s’inscrivent dans un champ technoscientifique, le nanomonde, qui a pour socle l’hybridation autant conceptuelle que pratique entre le domaine de la nature et celui de la technique. Dans ce mémoire nous nous intéressons au basculement de la distinction entre le naturel et l’artificiel qui s’ensuit. Un retour socio-historique sur la construction du dualisme nature/artifice propre aux sociétés modernes nous aide alors à saisir les enjeux socio-culturels impliqués dans sa remise en question. La déconstruction, à travers la méthode d’analyse de discours, d’entretiens réalisés avec les principaux chercheurs en NST au Québec illustre empiriquement, tout en le systématisant, le double processus d’artificialisation de la nature et de naturalisation de la technique, pointé théoriquement comme caractéristique de la remise en cause de la distinction entre nature et artifice qu’opère le nanomonde. Nous suggérons que l’artificialisation de la nature et la naturalisation de la technique, loin d’être contradictoires, constituent des éléments d’une dynamique synergique dont le résultat est une désontologisation de la nature comme catégorie de la pensée et une déqualification du monde qui distingue l’activité humaine.

La agencia cognitiva como subproducto de la deliberación pública

Between 2005 and 2007 the Ministry of Social Development of Uruguay implemented the National Plan for Social Emergency (PANES). One of the most outstanding results in the evaluations was the de-naturalization of some socio-cultural phenomena that were strongly rooted within society: domestic violence, social immobility, adult illiteracy. The consideration of these social phenomena as acceptable demonstrates the existence of mechanisms that generate irrational or adaptive preferences. What were the processes that aided in the de-naturalization of these preferences? The evaluation of PANES concludes that one way was the local participation in groups that promote a public deliberation. These results are consistent with the philosophical literature on the importance of deliberation and participation for developing capabilities and autonomy. The hypothesis is as follows: the participation in groups that involve public deliberation can lead to reversing the adaptive preferences that restrict personal autonomy through the creation of an intersubjective and cognitive agency. This agency has three features: a) it involves the expansion of an "inner space" into the person, b) it establishes a reflective distance that allows for the revision of preferences to reconstruct levels of self-esteem, self-respect and self-confidence; c) it is generated as a byproduct of activities set for other purposes.

La migration de retour de la population italienne immigrée au Canada et en Belgique

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Analyse des représentations et des enjeux de pouvoir produisant la personnalité publique politique célèbre au Québec : le cas de Justin Trudeau

Ce mémoire vise à comprendre comment, par la représentation de politiciens en tant que personnalités publiques « célèbres », se pose un ensemble d’enjeux de pouvoir. L’analyse de la récurrence et des particularités de ces représentations, qui circulent dans et à travers le discours, permet de mieux comprendre comment s’exerce le pouvoir par, entre autres, la naturalisation. Cette recherche s’appuie principalement sur les concepts de représentation proposé par Hall (1997) et de pouvoir élaboré par Foucault. Le cas de Justin Trudeau, objet d’un ensemble de discours de célébrité produits à travers le discours médiatique à l’occasion de la course à la chefferie du Parti libéral du Canada (PLC), constitue un terrain riche pour l’analyse. Dans un premier temps, les représentations existantes et en circulation dans des textes médiatiques portant et produisant diverses significations sont analysées discursivement. Dans un deuxième temps, l’analyse s’attarde aux savoirs que ces représentations participent à produire et aux effets de pouvoir qu’elles induisent. Il est alors possible de comprendre que les représentations dont fait l’objet le politicien célèbre d’aujourd’hui sont organisées par la filiation et que ce mode d’organisation procède à la fois de la biographisation et de l’hétéronormativité.

La naturalización de las emociones: anotaciones a partir de Wittgenstein

En la literatura sobre las emociones, una de las teorías con mayor fuerza es la llamada teoría James-Lange. Este texto intenta hacer una crítica a esta teoría a partir de algunas observaciones de Wittgenstein sobre el uso de conceptos psicológicos, sacando a la luz dos confusiones gramaticales que surgen en ella. Para ello, se construye primero la categoría de «programa de naturalización de las emociones» que recoge las teorías de Descartes, James y Prinz, siguiendo la metodología de Lakatos. Luego, se identifica como problema central el de la naturalización de la intencionalidad. Con esto en mente, se exponen algunas herramientas wittgensteinianas para estudiar la gramática de la pregunta por el objeto y la intencionalidad de las emociones, mostrando que las respuestas del programa de naturalización no son satisfactorias y no respetan las reglas de ciertos usos de lenguaje.

O movimento negro e a Secretaria Especial de Políticas de Promoção da Igualdade Racial: um estudo sobre a luta por sentidos sobre a igualdade racial no Brasil

Esta dissertação tem como objetivo compreender o relacionamento do Movimento Negro e Estado brasileiro no processo de criação da Secretaria Especial de Políticas de Promoção da Igualdade Racial (SEPPIR). Pretendemos jogar luz sobre a relação entre Movimento Negro e Estado na constante luta pelo sentido e significado da desigualdade racial. Será que a constituição de uma Secretaria, com status de Ministério de Estado, é capaz de promover mudanças na visão de desigualdade racial institucionalizada pelo Estado brasileiro? Nosso estudo busca entender como o conflito sobre o sentido da desigualdade racial é incorporado às Políticas Públicas. Utilizamos a categoria analítica Movimento Social para compreender o Movimento Negro, identificando alguns frames que orientam a sua ação. Evidenciamos que estes frames se relacionam na constituição do lugar (entendido como uma série de ligações, nas quais os sentidos das relações sociais são construídos, onde há disputas de poder sobre esses sentidos) da SEPPIR. A ação do Movimento Negro coloca em conflito os sentidos institucionalizados pelo Estado, que se utiliza da cooptação para desmobilizar o Movimento. Ao discutirmos a relação entre Movimento e Estado, relacionamos os frames identificados com a naturalização da desigualdade racial. Essa versão institucionalizada atribui principalmente ao nosso passado escravocrata a causa dessa desigualdade, não apontando para a compreensão do papel do racismo na manutenção dessa desigualdade. Sugerimos, assim, que a noção de justiça, reposicionada pelo reconhecimento, e a discussão de direitos humanos podem ser um caminho, não apenas para lutar contra esta naturalização, mas também para irmos além da cooptação.

A produção de subjetividade no sistema capitalista: a prática do psicólogo

Este estudo parte de uma análise crítica da inserção do psicólogo nas organizações de trabalho. Observando a atuação do psicólogo como agente de produção de subjetividade do sistema capitalista, procuro conhecer as formas de produção capitalistica de subjetividade e suas rupturas, no contexto brasileiro de produção, a partir de uma investigação teórica sobre o capitalismo e uma pesquisa de campo em um sindicato vanguarda ou combativo. O tema é então abordado em quatro questões básicas: O poder, analisado a partir da história da industrialização, que segundo interesses determinados produzia corpos úteis e servis para atender a urna demanda de acumulação de capitais e exploração do trabalho humano. A desqualificação no sujeito no trabalho pela parcialização e pelo automatismo do ato que o expropria de seu saber. A despolitização pela produção da submissão e da fragilidade frente ao pai-patrão. Pela redução da liberdade e dignidade que se efetua pela naturalização do determinismo e do sistema social inalterado. A questão do uso e abuso do corpo que produz um ser descartável, negligenciado pelo descaso com a sua saúde. Concluindo faço uma análise do caminho percorrido pelo psicólogo nas organizações procurando realçar as contradições teórico-prática que definem o seu campo de atuação, acreditando estar contribuindo para um enfoque e uma situação mais crítica deste espaço.

A ideologia da encenação: uma análise dos aspectos cênico/ideológicos da encenação produzida pela indústria cultural

The research that led to this dissertation adopted a set of scenic/ideological aspects inherent to the productions of the Culture Industry as its object of research. The intellectual output of Theodor W. Adorno and Max Horkheimer underscored the approaches on this subject, since it provides the same set of scenic/ideological features to be explored because, according to the authors, scenes produced by the culture industry are linked to the dominant ideology, since they act in favor of maintaining the status quo. The first objective was the definition this set of features inherent to the scene produced by the culture industry, through the exploration of literature produced by Adorno and Horkheimer, so it was possible to define a set composed of nine elements: Construction of characters as characteristic types; Stereotypes; Naturalization of Stereotyped language; Simplistic playwriting; Reuse dramatic formula; Love and sexuality as themes of plots; Utilization of tragic element; Objetive representation; Approximation of fiction and reality. The second goal was the analysis of scene produced by the culture industry nowadays, so that it was possible to verify if any scenic/ideological aspects indicated by Adorno and Horkheimer in the mid-twentieth century were present among the productions from this beginning of the twenty-first century. Through the analysis of three soap operas produced in Brazil in 2012, it was found that the nine scenic/ideological aspects as indicated by Adorno and Horkheimer appeared in the observed productions. Additionally, a new scenic/ideological feature, not indicated by Adorno and Horkheimer is present: the merchandising