948 resultados para Nationality -- Ivory Coast
Resumo:
La crisis de refugiados como consecuencia de la inestabilidad política en Costa de Marfil, ha desencadenado en una amenaza regional. La población vulnerable presente en la frontera porosa que caracteriza a Costa de Marfil y Liberia, es objeto de actividades ilícitas como el narcotráfico, tráfico de diamantes y tráfico de armas. Es entonces, como la crisis de refugiados marfileños resulta ser un elemento desestabilizador de las relaciones bilaterales entre Costa de Marfil y Liberia, en tanto se facilita el tráfico de armas entre combatientes liberianos y los refugiados marfileños. Este panorama, sin duda, intensifica el conflicto interno que hoy en día tiene lugar en Costa de Marfil.
Resumo:
El conflicto marfileño fue el resultado de diferentes circunstancias como la crisis económica; la inestabilidad política; el fraccionamiento del ejército nacional; y la introducción del concepto de ivoirité. Todas estas circunstancias debían y fueron tomadas en cuenta desde el inicio del proceso de paz a través de los diferentes tratados, que identificaron así mismo la importancia del proceso de DDR como pilar fundamental para la construcción de paz, y para el cual solicitaron la participación de la CI. Al revisar el periodo de 2003-2010 en general y especial en el área de DDR, es posible identificar 2 momentos de la CI en el proceso de consolidación de paz marfileño. Un primer momento, de 2003-2007, en el cual el papel de la CI es el de liderar el proceso, frente a unos actores estatales carentes de iniciativa e incentivos para apropiarse de su propio proceso y hacerlo funcionar. El segundo momento, a partir de la firma del APO, en el cual como consecuencia de la apropiación del proceso de paz por parte de sus protagonistas, la CI asume un rol subsidiario aunque vital. En resumen, el rol de la CI en el proceso de DDR marfileño fue fundamental pues al prestar su oportuna asistencia en las diferentes etapas de implementación de esta área permitió ayudar al largo proceso de consolidación de paz.
Resumo:
El propósito de esta monografía es analizar el rol de la ONUCI en la crisis política de Costa de Marfil, en el periodo 2010-2011. Para ello se realizará, en primer lugar, un estudio histórico y político de la situación del país, con precisión en los años 2010-2011. Luego se indagará sobre los objetivos, la instauración de la Operación, las alianzas y la efectividad de su mandato en Costa de Marfil, para poder tener más claridad sobre el sujeto de estudio y su rol preciso. Finalmente, siguiendo con la teoría constructivista de Alexander Wendt y sus aportes conceptuales sobre la identidad y el interés, se examinará el rol de la ONUCI frente a sus dos dimensiones de trabajo: la paz y la lucha contra la violación de Derechos Humanos.
Resumo:
Este estudio de caso tiene como finalidad evidenciar los intereses políticos detrás de la mediación de Burkina Faso en el Conflicto de Costa de Marfil en el año 2007. En ese orden de ideas, este trabajo de grado analiza cómo la situación interna y externa de Burkina Faso, incidió en su decisión de mediar en el conflicto marfileño. Para lograr esto, en esta investigación se recurre a los conceptos de Interés Nacional y Poder Político propios de la Teoría del Realismo Político de Relaciones Internacionales, desarrollada por Hans Morgenthau, y al concepto de Seguridad del Régimen expuesto por John Clark. Además de las fuentes teóricas mencionadas anteriormente, se emplearon artículos y publicaciones de diversa índole sobre el fenómeno a estudiar.
Resumo:
The Mako bimodal volcanic belt of the Kedougou-Kenieba inlier is composed of volcanic basalts and peridotites interbedded by quartzites and limestones intruded by different generations of granitoids. The early volcanic episode of the belt is constituted of submarine basalts with peridotite similar to those of the oceanic abyssal plains. It is intruded by the Badon Kakadian TTG-granitic batholite dated around 2200 Ma. The second volcanic phase is constituted of basaltic, andesitic, and felsitic flows exhibit structures of aerial volcanic rocks. It is intruded by granites dated between 2160 and 2070 Ma. The general pattern of trace element variation of submarine volcanic rocks is consistent with those of basalts from oceanic plateaus which are the modern equivalent of the Archean greenstones belts. The Nd and Sr isotopic systematics typical of juvenile material indicates that the source of these igneous rocks is derived from a depleted mantle source. These results are consistent with the idea of a major accretion within the West African Craton occurring at about 2.1 Ga and corresponding to an important process of mantle-oceanic lithosphere differentiation.
Resumo:
Expanded access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) offers opportunities to strengthen HIV prevention in resource-limited settings. We invited 27 ART programmes from urban settings in Africa, Asia and South America to participate in a survey, with the aim to examine what preventive services had been integrated in ART programmes. Twenty-two programmes participated; eight (36%) from South Africa, two from Brazil, two from Zambia and one each from Argentina, India, Thailand, Botswana, Ivory Coast, Malawi, Morocco, Uganda and Zimbabwe and one occupational programme of a brewery company included five countries (Nigeria, Republic of Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo, Rwanda and Burundi). Twenty-one sites (96%) provided health education and social support, and 18 (82%) provided HIV testing and counselling. All sites encouraged disclosure of HIV infection to spouses and partners, but only 11 (50%) had a protocol for partner notification. Twenty-one sites (96%) supplied male condoms, seven (32%) female condoms and 20 (91%) provided prophylactic ART for the prevention of mother-to child transmission. Seven sites (33%) regularly screened for sexually transmitted infections (STI). Twelve sites (55%) were involved in activities aimed at women or adolescents, and 10 sites (46%) in activities aimed at serodiscordant couples. Stigma and discrimination, gender roles and funding constraints were perceived as the main obstacles to effective prevention in ART programmes. We conclude that preventive services in ART programmes in lower income countries focus on health education and the provision of social support and male condoms. Strategies that might be equally or more important in this setting, including partner notification, prompt diagnosis and treatment of STI and reduction of stigma in the community, have not been implemented widely.
Resumo:
During Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 159, four sites (Sites 959-962) were drilled along a depth transect on the Côte d'Ivoire/Ghana Transform Margin. In this study, the Pliocene-Pleistocene history of carbonate and organic carbon accumulation at Hole 959C is reconstructed for the eastern equatorial Atlantic off the Ivory Coast/Ghana based on bulk carbonate, sand fraction, organic carbon, and other organic geochemical records (d13Corg, marine organic matter percentages derived from organic petrology, hydrogen index, C/N). Pliocene-Pleistocene sedimentation off the Ivory Coast/Ghana was strongly affected by low mean sedimentation rates, which are attributed to persistently enhanced bottom-water velocities related to the steep topography of the transform margin. Sand fraction and bulk carbonate records reveal typical glacial/interglacial cycles, preserved, however, with low time resolution. Intermediate carbonate accumulation rates observed throughout the Pliocene-Pleistocene suggest intense winnowing and sediment redistribution superimposed by terrigenous dilution. 'Atlantic-type' sand and carbonate cycles, consistent with records from pelagic areas of the eastern equatorial Atlantic, are encountered at Hole 959C prior to about 0.9 Ma. Total organic carbon (TOC) records are frequently inversely correlated to carbonate contents, indicating mainly productivity-driven carbonate dissolution related to changes in paleoproductivity. During Stages 22-24, 20, 16, 12, 8, and 4, sand and carbonate records reveal a 'Pacific-type' pattern, showing elevated contents during glacials commonly in conjunction with enhanced TOC records. Formation of 'Pacific-type' patterns off the Ivory Coast/Ghana is attributed to drastically increased bottom-water intensities along the transform margin in accordance with results reported from the Walvis Ridge area. Short-term glacial/interglacial changes in paleoproductivity off the Ivory Coast/Ghana are to some extend recognizable during glacials prior to 1.7 Ma and interglacial Stages 21, 19, 13, 9, and 1. Enhanced coastal upwelling during interglacials is attributed to local paleoclimatic and oceanographic conditions off the Ivory Coast/Ghana. Quantitative estimates of marine organic carbon based on organic petrologic and d13Corg records reveal an offset in concentration ranging from 15% to 60%. Highest variabilities of both records are recorded since ~0.9 Ma. Discrepancies between the isotopic and microscopic records are attributed to an admixture of C4 plant debris approaching the eastern equatorial Atlantic via atmospheric dust. Terrestrial organic material likely originated from the grass-savannah-covered Sahel zone in central Africa. Estimated C4 plant concentrations and accumulation rates range from 10% to 37% and from almost zero to 0.006 g/cm**2/k.y., respectively. The strongest eolian supply to the northern Gulf of Guinea is indicated between 1.9 and 1.68 Ma and during glacial isotopic Stages 22-24, 20, 14, and 12. The presence of grass-type plant debris is further supported by organic petrologic studies, which reveal well-preserved cell tissues of vascular plants or tube-shaped, elongated terrestrial macerals showing different levels of oxidation.