Psican��lise e Institui����o

Esta comunica����o trata da rela����o da Institui����o Psicanal��tica com a Institui����o de Sa��de Mental. A primeira parte �� uma pequena hist��ria sobre a ���Orienta����o Lacaniana���, focando pontos importantes: uma forma����o que apela �� responsabilidade de cada psicanalista em rela����o �� sua pr��pria pr��tica (psican��lise pessoal, o passe, etc.), que apela a um trabalho criativo, baseado nos escritos de Freud e Lacan (Carteis, semin��rios, congressos, etc.). Segue-se uma descri����o geral da Institui����o de Sa��de Mental, da posi����o do paciente, do terapeuta e dos seus objectivos. �� depois real��ada a posi����o do psicanalista na Institui����o de Sa��de Mental, isto ��, fora do seu gabinete privado.

Originalidade da Psican��lise

Procede-se ao isolamento e caracteriza����o do campo da psican��lise face as ��reas com que tem maior proximidade. Os antecedentes filos��ficos da psican��lise, assim como a prefigura����o do psicanalista ser��o abordados de um modo emblem��tico, respectivamente, atrav��s da rela����o de Freud com Nietzsche e a partir da atopia de S��crates. Segue-se uma defini����o da psican��lise e uma demarca����o da inven����o relativamente ao saber cient��fico, filos��fico e cient��fico.

Freud e Johnson-Laird: Modelos Mentais no ��Caso Dora��

Trabalho sobre a rela����o entre a teoria dos modelos mentais de Johnson-Laird e o conceito de transfer��ncia em Freud.

Sobre a origem psicossom��tica da moral na obra de Freud ��Totem e Tabu��

O autor analisa as implica����es psicossom��ticas que decorrem da hip��tese de Freud em Totem e Tabu.

A Imagina����o como Ilus��o. Apontamentos para o cotejo Ricoeur/Freud

Paul Ricoeur �� o fil��sofo contempor��neo que de um modo muito especial conseguiu dialogar com quase todas as correntes filos��ficas e interlig��-las em quest��es fulcrais para o pensamento filos��fico actual. Uma delas, e aquela que desde 1991 elegemos como nosso quesito principal, �� a quest��o da imagina����o. Paradoxalmente �� uma tem��tica que o fil��sofo n��o desenvolveu. Mas �� tamb��m aquela que, em nosso entender, subjaz a todo o entrela��ado do seu riqu��ssimo pensamento nomeadamente no impressionante trabalho sistematizador que faz da obra de Freud, no livro intitulado De l'interpr��tation, essai sur Freud, publicado em 1965. De l'interpr��tation, essai sur Freud organiza os conceitos e examina, tanto o detalhe como as linhas mestras do pensamento freudiano, pelo coment��rio de importantes passagens da obra de Freud, de entre as quais salientamos: a passagem da teoria da sedu����o para as teorias que valorizam a fantasia. Nesta obra Ricoeur destaca o amor de Freud pelas artes e o seu preconceito contra a religi��o, sendo nesse amor e nessa rejei����o que interceptamos a poss��vel inteligibilidade da imagina����o, na psican��lise, como ilus��o.

Padr��es de transfer��ncia e mecanismos de defesa ao longo do processo psicoterap��utico : Dois estudos de caso sistem��ticos

Disserta����o de Mestrado apresentada ao ISPA - Instituto Universit��rio

Als Marie Bonaparte sich taub stellte ...

Between 1927 and 1931 Marie Bonaparte had herself operated upon her clitoris three times. She did so against Freud's advice with whom she was in analysis. Among psychoanalysts these operations are still often regarded as "errors" or aberrations. But for Marie Bonaparte, who was in various ways familiar with physics and a somatic approach, surgery was the first choice, psychoanalysis only a possible alternative. She was not impressed by the skepticism of her colleagues, and adhered even more emphatically to her own strategy

Le concept de test relationnel en psychoth��rapie: origine, d��veloppements et applications aux troubles de la personnalit�� = The test concept in psychotherapy: origins, developments and application to personality disorders

Le concept de test relationnel (test, en anglais ; Weiss et Sampson, 1986 [16]) est pr��sent��. Ses origines dans les ��crits de Freud sont bri��vement retrac��es et son inscription dans la th��orie des croyances pathog��nes de Weiss pr��sent��e. Par ailleurs, les autres ��l��ments de la th��orie psychanalytique de Weiss sont pr��sent��s (buts th��rapeutiques, obstacles, traumas, insight, test relationnel). Toutes ces ��tapes sont illustr��es par des exemples tir��s de la litt��rature. Un d��veloppement r��cent du concept de test relationnel est pr��sent�� et appliqu�� �� la psychoth��rapie des troubles de la personnalit�� (Sachse, 2003 [14]). Finalement, les auteurs donnent deux brefs exemples de tests relationnels tir��s de leur propre pratique de psychoth��rapeute et discutent des mod��les en les comparant entre eux. Des conclusions concernant l'utilit�� du concept de test relationnel pour la pratique psychoth��rapeutique et la recherche en psychoth��rapie sont propos��es. The test concept (Weiss and Sampson, 1986 [16]) is presented. Its origins in Freud's works are briefly evoked and its place within the theory of pathogenic beliefs by Weiss presented. We present also the remaining elements of Weiss' psychoanalytic theory which are objectives, obstacles, traumas and insight. Every step of the reflection is illustrated with case examples, drawn from the literature. A recent development of the test concept is presented and applied to the psychotherapy of personality disorders (Sachse, 2003 [14]). Finally, the authors give brief examples of tests having occurred in their own practice as psychotherapists and discuss the models by comparing them among each other. Conclusions are drawn concerning the usefulness of the test concept for psychotherapy practice and research.

Hom��ostasie, marqueurs somatiques et intentionnalit�� : le statut de la repr��sentation et ses implications en psychanalyse et en neuroscience

R��sum�� : Si la psychanalyse est r��guli��rement remise en cause pour son manque de fondement scientifique, de nombreux travaux issus des neurosciences en appellent paradoxalement �� un retour aux th��ses freudiennes. Cette ��tude se propose, dans ce contexte, de revisiter les bases neurobiologiques de la m��tapsychologie et de montrer comment celle-ci repose sur une conception hom��ostatique du vivant. On en tire plusieurs cons��quences. Premi��rement, contre Brentano, selon qui l'intentionnalit�� est la marque du psychologique, on propose que celle-ci s'av��re ��tre, plus originellement, la marque des r��gulations biologiques. Deuxi��mement, on montre comment Freud et Damasio d��veloppent des conceptions similaires sur le fonctionnement hom��ostatique de la cognition. Sur le plan ��pist��mologique, on plaide en faveur de la compl��mentarit�� de ces deux approches. Si Damasio met au jour les variables somatiques permettant de mesurer les effets de la vie psychique, la th��orie pulsionnelle permet de d��passer les probl��mes li��s �� l'ambigu��t�� de la notion de ��repr��sentation c��r��brale ��. C'est �� partir de cette th��se que l'on peut, selon nous, appr��hender la psychanalyse comme un double projet visant �� articuler une naturalisation de l'appareil psychique �� une herm��neutique de ses productions. On consid��re cette double vis��e comme une r��ponse �� la difficult�� centrale que rencontrent les sciences de l'esprit quant aux conditions de possibilit�� d'une naturalisation de l'intentionnalit��. A partir de cette probl��matique, il devient pertinent d'��valuer la solution freudienne �� la lumi��re de la posture intentionnelle dennettienne et de la th��orie gazzaniguienne de l'interpreter. II ne s'agit pas, selon ces derni��res approches, de naturaliser directement l'intentionnalit��, au risque de commettre une erreur de cat��gorie. Il est question, au contraire, d'utiliser les principes du fonctionnement hom��ostatique comme autant de ��r��gles ��interpr��tatives permettant, sur le plan psychologique, de construire du sens. On trouve enfin dans le mod��le de l'espace global de travail un moyen de remettre au go��t du jour la conception freudienne, dynamique et conflictuelle, du fonctionnement psychique. On avance enfin, �� partir de ce mod��le, des hypoth��ses sur les m��canismes c��r��braux susceptibles de sous-tendre l'efficacit�� th��rapeutique de la cure analytique. Abstract : While Psychoanalysis' scientific basis is open to question, some neuroscience works are paradoxically calling for a return to Freud. Therefore, the first aim of our study consists in revisiting metapychology's neurobiological roots and to show how it is grounded on a homeostatic theory of life. Several consequences can be drawn from this statement. Firstly, in opposition to Brentanian definition of intentionality, as the specific mark of psychology, we argue that it is more specifically the mark of biological balance. Secondly, this statement allows to show how Freud's and Damasio's theories share common views on the homeostatic functioning of cognition. From an epistemological point of view, they complete one another. If Damasio has highlighted the measurable somatic variables from which we can infer psychic life, the theory of drives allows conceptual difficulties linked to the use of the ambiguous notion of "cerebral representation" to be overcome. According to us, this thesis leads psychoanalysis to be approached as a twin project aiming to articulate psyche naturalization, to a hermeneutic of its productions. It maybe seen as a way to respond to the central issue of mind sciences, that is, to account for the naturalization of intentionality. Given this theoretical framework, it seems relevant to reconsider freudism in the light of the dennettian intentional stance and the gazzanigan theory of interpreter. Then, freudism can be seen as a way to avoid a category mistake. Its solution rejects direct intentionality naturalization in favor of a construction of sense. In this framework, interpretation is regulated by the rules abstracted from the homeostatic functioning of life. Furthermore, we show how the dynamic and conflictual Freudian psyche can be evaluated using the Global workspace model, which allows us to put forth hypotheses on the cerebral mechanisms that may underlie the efficiency of analytical cure.

Therapist interventions using the Psychodynamic Interventions Rating Scale (PIRS) in dynamic therapy, psychoanalysis and CBT.

Abstract One requirement for psychotherapy research is an accurate assessment of therapeutic interventions across studies. This study compared frequency and depth of therapist interventions from a dynamic perspective across four studies, conducted in four countries, including three treatment arms of psychodynamic psychotherapy, and one each of psychoanalysis and CBT. All studies used the Psychodynamic Intervention Rating Scales (PIRS) to identify 10 interventions from transcribed whole sessions early and later in treatment. The PIRS adequately categorized all interventions, except in CBT (only 91-93% categorized). As hypothesized, interpretations were present in all dynamic therapies and relatively absent in CBT. Proportions of interpretations increased over time. Defense interpretations were more common than transference interpretations, which were most prevalent in psychoanalysis. Depth of interpretations also increased over time. These data can serve as norms for measuring where on the supportive-interpretive continuum a dynamic treatment lies, as well as identify potentially mutative interventions for further process and outcome study.