Heterotopias menores: delirando a vida como obra de arte

Esta tese se propõe a explorar as relações entre arte, loucura e polis a partir da aposta de que a vida possa ser permanentemente criada como obra de arte aberta às variações e diferenciações inerentes ao viver. Tal procedimento estético demanda a constituição de espaços-tempo heterotópicos, capazes de simultaneamente engendrar e abrigar contraposicionamentos às políticas de sujeição e controle contemporâneos. Para tanto, problematizamos as instituições arte, loucura e polis, extraindo, dessas formas estratificadas, virtualidades que possibilitem a emergência de modos menores, fazendo-as variar. Partimos da polis, dimensão imaterial e coletiva das cidades, ao mesmo tempo máquina abstrata de engendramento das formas que a habitam, a deslocam, a produzem e forma que a vida assume nesses territórios, para visibilizar como se engendram loucuras e artes de viver. Partimos de fragmentos históricos, literários e biográficos para pensar outros modos de habitar e tecer trajetórias na cidade, instando a tessitura de relações de criação de si e do mundo, por meio da invenção de espaços outros entre a loucura e a arte. Da loucura pensada por Foucault como positividade domesticada pelo saber médico, instauramos séries da experiência trágica ao fora e, deste, ao fluxo esquizo, proposto por Deleuze e Guattari para finalmente chegar a uma loucura menor, loucura que é antes dissolução das formas identitárias e estabilizadas e que materializa o delírio como dispositivo estético de criação de mundos. Finalmente, chegamos à arte, deslocando-a da dimensão de criação de objetos estéticos, para pensá-la como dimensão imanente ao próprio viver. Neste ponto nos valemos de Nietzsche, Deleuze e Foucault para pensar a vida como experimentação que resiste às armadilhas que a aprisionam em modelos préestabelecidos, vida que se cria a cada instante como obra de arte. Ativando, portanto, uma arte menor, arte de viver, damos corpo à proposição foucaultiana de uma estética da existência, procedimento por meio do qual se cria a si mesmo ao criar-se outro nas relações com o mundo. Procedimento, portanto, estético, ético e político. Instabilizadas e problematizadas as formas iniciais polis, loucura e arte , tomamos os casos Bispo do Rosário e Moacir para investigar, em suas trajetórias, como é possível do entrelaçamento entre elas, se constituírem estilizações da existência, de forma a fazer derivar o real e ficcionar modos de viver. Por fim, recorremos à poesia, delírio das palavras para ensaiar possibilidades de criação de espaços-tempo singulares, heterotopias menores, espécies de utopias efetivamente realizadas, como afirma Foucault, que nos permitam fazer da vida obra de arte.

Skeletal malformations among the Clarias species from fish mongers in Ekiti State

Clarias species purchased from fish mongers from Ado – Ekiti, Ikun Ekiti, Itapaji – Ekiti Nigeria were examined for possible deformities in any part of their body. A total number of 360, 140, and 40 fish samples were from Ado – Ekiti, Ikun – Ekiti, and Itapaji – Ekiti respectively. Deformities of various types were observed only from Ado – Ekiti collection. The deformities observed are malformed mouth, big head, stumpy body, and multiple vertebral deformities. The possible cause (s) of the deformities may be as a result of stress, pollution from human activities or other factors such as poor nutrition, hereditary, diseases, etc. but these causes has not been properly determined

LD抽运Yb:GSO实现1090nm低阈值激光运转

We report what we believe to be the first demonstration of laser operation with a novel laser material of Yb3(+) -doped Gd-2 SiO2 (Yb: GSO) pumped by a laser diode at 940 nm. We obtained a low lasing threshold of 1.27 kW/cm(2) with the center wavelength of 1090 nm, which is lower than the value of 1.53 kW/cm(2) predicted for Yb: YAG. The maximal output power of 360 mW was obtained with a 2% output, which corresponds to a slope efficiency up to 19%.

摩擦圆盘运动分解合成机构的理论设计及其运动学分析

提出了一种摩擦圆盘运动分解合成机构,理论分析表明这种运动分解合成机构具有非完整约束性,通过建立其运动学微分方程,对这种机构的运动变化和传递关系进行了计算机仿真分析,表明该运动传递机构具有可控性,这为该运动分解合成机构的应用奠定了基础。

一种混合型4自由度并联机床的位置分析

针对原沈阳自动化研究所研制开发的五轴并联铣床的结构特点 ,提出了一种改进方案 ,并对这种新的构型的运动学进行了分析 ,针对其特点 ,从新的角度给出了位置正解及反解的方程。该构型的位置正解由于使用了附加传感器并充分考虑到机构特点而使得正解方程形式非常简单并且其中只存在一次项 ,从而避免了对复杂数值解法的采用

品牌表现评价反应时与关注特性的关系

The decision making of customers has been a great concern in the field of customer research. Although China has entered the era of brand consumption and development, due to the different understanding of the regarded attributes between companies and customers, the phenomenon of “The awarded products don’t sell well, but the products which sell well can’t get the award.” appears. At the same time there is little research on the relationship between the brand and the customers has been conducted in China now. Traditional research on customer psychology employ questionnaires, depth interview and group discussions as the major methods. In cognitive psychology, the limitation of explicit memory has been revealed by implicit memory; moreover, unconscious cognition and implicit memory can also influence customers' remark of the brand. Therefore, the traditional methods are not accurate enough. Reaction time is an effective way to reveal testing equality, and it can also reveal implicit cognition. Based on the researches intends to investigate the validity of attention attributes in the method of reaction time by questionnaires and time reaction testing of 360 customers in 3 cities, which may, probably, overcomes the limitation of the traditional research methods. The 352 valid samples were analyzed by SPSS. The results showed there was no distinct corresponding relationship between the product attributes and reaction time. The different key attributes from questionnaire importance rating and the shortest reaction time standards were used to regressively analyze the results of customers’ overall rating (such as overall satisfaction,objective quality, recommend intention).The results indicated that the coefficiency of regression of the special attributes chosen from reaction time to overall rating was distinct, while the coefficiency of the special attributes chosen from importance rating to overall rating was not. The main conclusions are: 1. Regarded attributes can be obtained by the reaction time of brand performance rating. 2. Regarded attributes obtained by the reaction time of brand performance rating are more accurate than those by importance rating questionnaires. 3. The brand’s core attributes should includes regarded attributes during the decision making process.

High order harmonics from relativistic electron spikes

A new regime of relativistic high-order harmonic generation has been discovered (Pirozhkov 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 135004). Multi-terawatt relativistic-irradiance (>1018 W cm−2) femtosecond (~30–50 fs) lasers focused to underdense (few × 1019 cm−3) plasma formed in gas jet targets produce comb-like spectra with hundreds of even and odd harmonic orders reaching the photon energy of 360 eV, including the 'water window' spectral range. Harmonics are generated either by linearly or circularly polarized pulses from the J-KAREN (KPSI, JAEA) and Astra Gemini (CLF, RAL, UK) lasers. The photon number scalability has been demonstrated with a 120 TW laser, producing 40 μJ sr−1 per harmonic at 120 eV. The experimental results are explained using particle-in-cell simulations and catastrophe theory. A new mechanism of harmonic generation by sharp, structurally stable, oscillating electron spikes at the joint of the boundaries of the wake and bow waves excited by a laser pulse is introduced. In this paper, detailed descriptions of the experiments, simulations and model are provided and new features are shown, including data obtained with a two-channel spectrograph, harmonic generation by circularly polarized laser pulses and angular distribution.

O processo de dádiva de sangue do dador de primeira vez no Hospital do Espírito Santo - Évora, EPE : satisfação e retorno para a dádiva seguinte

RESUMO - Introdução: Com este trabalho, pretendeu-se averiguar em que medida a satisfação no processo de dádiva de sangue afeta o regresso dos dadores que doam pela primeira vez na vida, ou que se apresentaram pela primeira vez no Serviço de sangue do HESE. Material e métodos: Estudo observacional transversal descritivo. Dos dadores com uma única inscrição no período de 2011 a 2012 inclusive, (531+541 dadores) foram retirados os que entretanto completaram 66 anos (idade limite para a dádiva); os que não tinham contacto telefónico válido; e os que tinham morada fora do Distrito de Évora. Os dadores restantes (327 + 330 dadores), foram então inquiridos através de um questionário efetuado telefonicamente para determinar as causas de não regresso. Resultados: Obtiveram-se 360 respostas válidas ao questionário, correspondentes a 50% da amostra com um IC de 95%. Apesar de estar amplamente demonstrado que a satisfação na dádiva contribui decisivamente para o retorno à dádiva seguinte, apenas 12% da amostra referiu não regressar por algum motivo de insatisfação decorrente do processo de dádiva. Evidentemente, o mérito destes resultados é devido à equipa do Serviço de Imunohemoterapia do HESE. Porém uma outra realidade fica aqui patente, os dadores de primeira vez estão a decrescer há vários anos, e destes, os que regressam são cada vez menos. A manter-se esta tendência, a taxa de renovação da bolsa de dadores poderá tornar-se insuficiente para a manutenção da atual bolsa de dadores. Se o HESE conseguisse recuperar para a dádiva metade da amostra de dadores de primeira vez que não regressam, a sua autonomia em termos de consumo de sangue sairia reforçada, com o incremento de proveitos financeiros consequente. Conclusão: Este trabalho concretiza os objetivos a que se propôs, nomeadamente o de produzir conhecimento útil e de suporte à decisão no âmbito da administração hospitalar. O HESE tem agora ao seu dispor, a caraterização dos dadores de primeira vez e a descrição de como se está a processar a renovação da sua bolsa de dadores.

Les mécanismes d’oxygénation sanguine de l’œil en corrélation avec le système respiratoire

Sommaire L’oxygène fait partie intégrante de l’environnement et ceci jusqu’au fonctionnement même des structures cellulaires qui composent le corps humain. Deux systèmes sont intimement liés à la distribution de l’oxygène, ce sont les systèmes cardiovasculaire et respiratoire. La transparence du système optique de l’œil peut être exploitée afin de mesurer de façon non invasive la concentration en oxyhémoglobine du sang qui alimente le système nerveux central. L’oxygénation capillaire de l’œil a été mesurée par spectro-réflectométrie dans deux régions de l’œil: d’une part les capillaires de la zone du nerf optique qui représentent principalement la circulation rétinienne; d’autre part, les capillaires du limbe cornéen. Cinq sujets volontaires, non fumeurs, sains, âgés de 20 à 45 ans et cinq sujets volontaires, fumeurs, sains, âgés de 20 à 40 ans ont participé à cette étude. Tous ces sujets ont été exposés à des conditions d’hyper et d’hypo oxygénation. Une séance d’expérimentations était composée d’un enregistrement continu de 360 secondes. Durant la première étape de 60 secondes, le sujet respirait de l’air ambiant. Durant une deuxième étape de 180 secondes, le sujet était exposé soit à une condition d’hyper (60% O2) soit, à une condition d’hypo oxygénation (15% O2), tandis que les 120 dernières secondes de la séance de mesure permettait d’exposer le sujet, une fois de plus à l’air ambiant. Le rythme cardiaque et les changements d’oxygénation artérielle au niveau du doigt étaient mesurés pendant ce temps vec le sphygmo-oxymètre. Les variations du taux d’oxyhémoglobine du sang au niveau capillaire de l’œil (nerf optique ou sclérotique) étaient toujours en corrélation directe avec les variations du taux d’oxyhémoglobine artériel. Toutefois, les capillaires du nerf optique offrent plus de précision pour les mesures d’oxygénation, relativement aux mesures d’oxygénation du sang contenu dans les capillaires de la sclérotique. La précision de la mesure de la concentration d’oxyhémoglobine obtenue dans cette étude par spectro-réflectométrie de l’œil, en fait un instrument utile au diagnostic d’une grande partie des pathologies pulmonaires ou oculaires.

Pharmacocinétique de population du propofol chez le chien

La variabilité des concentrations plasmatiques mesurées lors d’une anesthésie générale avec le propofol est directement reliée à une variabilité inter-animale, sa pharmacocinétique. L’objectif de cette étude est de caractériser la pharmacocinétique du propofol et de rechercher les effets des caractéristiques démographiques sur la variation des paramètres pharmacocinétiques. Les chiens (n=44) ayant participé à cette étude ont été anesthésiés au propofol à 6 mois (n=29), 12 (n=21) mois et/ou 24 mois (n=35). L’anesthésie a été induite avec du propofol (en moyenne 5 mg) et maintenue avec une perfusion (débit initial de 360 mg/kg/h). Des ajustements de perfusion ainsi que des bolus supplémentaires seront administrés si le comportement de l’animal l’exige. Une randomisation stratifiée des sexes aux deux groupes de prémédication, le premier recevant de l’acépropmazine (0,05 mg/kg en I.M.) et le deuxième une association d’acépromazine (0.05 mg/kg IM) et de butorphanol (0.1mg/kg IM). Des échantillons sanguins ont été prélevés de t=0 jusqu'à t=300 minutes ou plus. Au total 1339 prélèvements ont été analysés. Un modèle mamillaire à 3 compartiments décrit de manière adéquate nos données. Les valeurs moyennes de CLt V1, CL2, V2, CL3 and V3 sont respectivement égales à 0.65 L/min (SD=0.24), 2.6 L (SD=2.04), 2.24 L/min (1.43), 9.6 L (SD=7.49), 0.42 L/min (SD=0.199), 46.4 L (SD=40.6). Les paramètres pharmacocinétiques obtenus ont révélé une grande variabilité interindividuelle, en particulier CL2, V1, V2 et V3 .Le poids est une co-variable significative pour CLt et V2. L’âge est une co-variable significative pour CL3 et V3. L’ajout de la parenté pour V2 et V3 au modèle a amélioré la qualité de l’ajustement du modèle. Les paramètres V1 et CL2 sont indépendants des facteurs physiologiques étudiés.

Detergent compatible alkaline lipase produced by marine Bacillus smithii BTMS 11

Bacillus smithii BTMS 11, isolated from marine sediment, produced alkaline and thermostable lipase. The enzyme was purified to homogeneity by ammonium sulfate precipitation and ion exchange chromatography which resulted in 0.51 % final yield and a 4.33 fold of purification. The purified enzyme was found to have a specific activity of 360 IU/mg protein. SDS-PAGE analyses, under non-reducing and reducing conditions, yielded a single band of 45 kDa indicating the single polypeptide nature of the enzyme and zymogram analysis using methylumbelliferyl butyrate as substrate confirmed the lipolytic activity of the protein band. The enzyme was found to have 50 C and pH 8.0 as optimum conditions for maximal activity. However, the enzyme was active over wide range of temperatures (30–80 C) and pH (7.0–10.0). Effect of a number of metal salts, solvents, surfactants, and other typical enzyme inhibitors on lipase activity was studied to determine the novel characteristics of the enzyme. More than 90 % of the enzyme activity was observed even after 3 h of incubation in the presence of commercial detergents Surf, Sunlight, Ariel, Henko, Tide and Ujala indicating the detergent compatibility of B. smithii lipase. The enzyme was also found to be efficient in stain removal from cotton cloths. Further it was observed that the enzyme could catalyse ester synthesis between fatty acids of varying carbon chain lengths and methanol with high preference for medium to long chain fatty acids showing 70 % of esterification. Results of the study indicated scope for application of this marine bacterial lipase in various industries

When zero doesn't mean it and other geomathematical mischief

There is almost not a case in exploration geology, where the studied data doesn’t includes below detection limits and/or zero values, and since most of the geological data responds to lognormal distributions, these “zero data” represent a mathematical challenge for the interpretation. We need to start by recognizing that there are zero values in geology. For example the amount of quartz in a foyaite (nepheline syenite) is zero, since quartz cannot co-exists with nepheline. Another common essential zero is a North azimuth, however we can always change that zero for the value of 360°. These are known as “Essential zeros”, but what can we do with “Rounded zeros” that are the result of below the detection limit of the equipment? Amalgamation, e.g. adding Na2O and K2O, as total alkalis is a solution, but sometimes we need to differentiate between a sodic and a potassic alteration. Pre-classification into groups requires a good knowledge of the distribution of the data and the geochemical characteristics of the groups which is not always available. Considering the zero values equal to the limit of detection of the used equipment will generate spurious distributions, especially in ternary diagrams. Same situation will occur if we replace the zero values by a small amount using non-parametric or parametric techniques (imputation). The method that we are proposing takes into consideration the well known relationships between some elements. For example, in copper porphyry deposits, there is always a good direct correlation between the copper values and the molybdenum ones, but while copper will always be above the limit of detection, many of the molybdenum values will be “rounded zeros”. So, we will take the lower quartile of the real molybdenum values and establish a regression equation with copper, and then we will estimate the “rounded” zero values of molybdenum by their corresponding copper values. The method could be applied to any type of data, provided we establish first their correlation dependency. One of the main advantages of this method is that we do not obtain a fixed value for the “rounded zeros”, but one that depends on the value of the other variable. Key words: compositional data analysis, treatment of zeros, essential zeros, rounded zeros, correlation dependency

A framework for agricultural adaptation to climate change in Southern Nigeria

The agricultural sector which contributes between 20-50% of gross domestic product in Africa and employs about 60% of the population is greatly affected by climate change impacts. Agricultural productivity and food prices are expected to rise due to this impact thereby worsening the food insecurity and poor nutritional health conditions in the continent. Incidentally, the capacity in the continent to adapt is very low. Addressing these challenges will therefore require a holistic and integrated adaptation framework hence this study. A total of 360 respondents selected through a multi-stage random sampling technique participated in the study that took place in Southern Nigeria from 2008-2011. Results showed that majority of respondents (84%) were aware that some climate change characteristics such as uncertainties at the onset of farming season, extreme weather events including flooding and droughts, pests, diseases, weed infestation, and land degradation have all been on the increase. The most significant effects of climate change that manifested in the area were declining soil fertility and weed infestation. Some of the adaptation strategies adopted by farmers include increased weeding, changing the timing of farm operations, and processing of crops to reduce post-harvest losses. Although majority of respondents were aware of government policies aimed at protecting the environment, most of them agreed that these policies were not being effectively implemented. A mutually inclusive framework comprising of both indigenous and modern techniques, processes, practices and technologies was then developed from the study in order to guide farmers in adapting to climate change effects/impacts.

Computer Theorem Proving and HoTT

Theorem-proving is a one-player game. The history of computer programs being the players goes back to 1956 and the ‘LT’ LOGIC THEORY MACHINE of Newell, Shaw and Simon. In game-playing terms, the ‘initial position’ is the core set of axioms chosen for the particular logic and the ‘moves’ are the rules of inference. Now, the Univalent Foundations Program at IAS Princeton and the resulting ‘HoTT’ book on Homotopy Type Theory have demonstrated the success of a new kind of experimental mathematics using computer theorem proving.

Reading aloud in high schools: students and teachers across the curriculum

Reading aloud is apparently an indispensible part of teaching. Nevertheless, little is known about reading aloud across the curriculum by students and teachers in high schools. Nor do we understand teachers’ attitudes towards issues such as error correction, rehearsal time, and selecting students to read. A survey of 360 teachers in England shows that, although they have little training in reading aloud, they are extremely confident. Reading aloud by students and teachers is strongly related, and serves to further understanding rather than administrative purposes or pupils’ enjoyment. Unexpectedly, Modern Language teachers express views that set them apart from other subjects.