Iowa Byways: The Official Guide to Iowa Byways, 2013

Browse through this guide and you’ll find the distinct flavor of what is available along each byway. Discover recreational, historic, cultural and scenic attractions using the maps and lists provided in the guide. You’ll find numbered attractions for each byway in or near the town listed. For a comprehensive list of byway features, visit www.iowabyways.org. Friendly local contacts are provided to help you along the way. Iowa Transportation Maps clearly tracking all the Iowa byways with red dotted lines are available at Iowa’s official welcome centers. Traveling Iowa’s byways you will experience small town America, while enjoying diverse landscapes and unique landforms that have been shaped over thousands of years. Iowa’s cultural heritage also plays a major role across all 11 byways, boasting hundreds of historic sites, national landmarks and interpretive centers, each telling Iowa’s stories from the first Native Americans through European immigrants to modern times. Glaciers once covered much of Iowa, shaping the broad flat plains of the prairie. These massive sheets of ice missed the northeast corner of the state, leaving the land along the Driftless Area Byway rugged and hilly with rock outcroppings, springs and cold water trout streams. Rivers coursed their way through the land, carving deep furrows in some places and leaving gently rolling hills in others. In western Iowa, wind has shaped fine sand into the impressive Loess Hills, a rare land form found in only one other place on earth. Iowa’s two national scenic byways and nine state byways offer unique varieties of scenic features, and more for you to see and do. View three states from atop a Mississippi River bluff, stop at a modern art museum and then tour a working farm. Explore a historic mill, visit a national aquarium, take a boat ride in a cave, purchase locally crafted pottery and wares from local artisans or trace the footsteps of Lewis and Clark. Experience the actual wagon ruts of the Mormon Trail, ride your bike 13 stories high, canoe a water trail, star gaze under Iowa’s darkest sky, and marvel at mounds built by prehistoric cultures. Agriculture wraps Iowa’s byways with an abundance of farmland vistas and fills Iowa lands with ever-changing crops and activities for you to “harvest.” You’ll see croplands on the vast flat plains and farmsteads sprinkled across rolling hills reminiscent of a Grant Wood painting. Along the way, you might wander in a corn maze, rest at a bed and breakfast, study farming in museums, discover the Iowa barn quilt collection or visit a working Amish farm. When you are ready to step outside your vehicle, you’ll find much more to do and see. Prairie, forests, rivers and public lands are abundant along Iowa’s byways; providing opportunities for you to stop and play in the outdoors with hiking, biking, kayaking and trout fishing. Classic hometowns with pride for their unique lore and offerings are found all along the byways. They invite you to taste local food, enjoy their architecture, and immerse yourself in the rich history and culture that defines them. Why not plan your next journey off the beaten path? No matter how you choose to make the most of every moment, we know that time spent along Iowa’s byways is sure to grow your love for Iowa’s diverse, beautiful vistas and authentic communities. Happy driving!

Seutulogistisen palveluyrityksen palvelutarjooman kehittäminen

Tämän diplomityön aiheena on palvelutarjooman kehittäminen elintarvikeketjussa toimivalle seutulogistiikan palveluyritykselle. Työn tavoitteena on tuottaa tietoa uudenlaisen logistiikkapalvelun käynnistämisen tueksi. Työssä kartoitetaan kaakkoissuomalaisen elintarvikeketjun logistiikan toimintamalleja ja palvelutarpeita. Aineistona on käytetty 23 elintarvikeketjun osapuolen (tuottaja, jalostaja, myyjä) haastatteluja sekä olemassa olevia selvityksiä aiheesta. Työ sisältää katsauksen kaakkoissuomalaiseen ruokatuotantoon ja elintarvikeketjun eri vaiheiden nykytilaan. Tuloksena ovat jäsennetyt palvelutarpeet elintarvikkeiden toimitusketjun eri osapuolille. Lisäksi palveluyrityksen toimintaa selvennettiin rakentamalla sille liiketoimintamalli, joka sisältää arviot yrityksen tärkeimpien osa-alueiden sisällöstä ja toimintatavasta. Liiketoimintamallin ja eri osapuolien palvelutarpeiden pohjalta työssä rakennettiin kaksi palvelutarpeisiin perustuvaa vaihtoehtoista palvelutarjoomaa ja arvioitiin niiden ominaisuuksia ja toteutettavuutta Kaakkois-Suomessa. Työn sisältö ja lopputulokset ovat julkisesti hyödynnettävissä paikallisesti tuotetun ruoan tuottajien liiketoimintamahdollisuuksien ja palvelun parantamiseksi.

Julkiset luomu- ja lähiruokahankkeet toimitusketjunäkökulmasta tarkasteltuna

Luomu- ja lähiruokaliiketoiminta on vielä varsin marginaalista Suomessa, mutta alalla on selkeästi kasvupotentiaalia. Sektoria on pyritty kehittämään julkisten, muun muassa EU-rahoitettujen, hankkeiden avulla. Tässä työssä on tutkittu vuosina 2007 – 2013 toteutettuja luomu- ja lähiruokahankkeita toimitusketjunäkökulmasta käsin. Tutkimuksen kohteena ovat olleet hankkeisiin liittyvät toimitusketjun osaamisalueet sekä hankkeiden tavoitteet, kohderyhmät ja tulokset. Bechmarking-mielessä on luotu silmäys Ranskan, Italian ja Itävallan luomu- ja lähiruokaliiketoimintaan. Työn otoksen muodostavat 105 julkista luomu- ja lähiruokahanketta. Työssä muodostettiin teorialähtöisesti kuusi toimitusketjun osaamisaluetta, joiden avulla hankkeita kategorisoitiin ja analysoitiin. Osaamisalueet ovat yhteistyö-/verkosto-osaaminen, logistiikka-/jakeluosaaminen, markkinointi-/myyntiosaaminen, talous-/yrittäjyysosaaminen, tuote-/tuotekehitysosaaminen sekä tuotanto-osaaminen. Tutkittujen hankkeiden yleisin tavoite liittyy yhteistyö- ja verkosto-osaamisen kehittämiseen. Hankkeista voitiin osoittaa neljä erilaista yhteistyön muotoa. Yleisin kohderyhmä on luomu- ja lähiruoan tuottaja. Eurooppalaisissa esimerkeissä korostuvat kuluttajalähtöisyys, järjestäytyneet yhteistyömuodot sekä vähittäiskaupan merkittävä rooli luomu- ja lähiruoan jakelijana.

Luomu- ja lähiruoan pakkaaminen : pakkausten vaatimukset ja tulevaisuuden trendit eteläsuomalaisten elintarvikeketjun toimijoiden näkökulmasta

Luomu- ja lähiruoan kysyntä Suomessa on kasvussa mutta niiden markkinoiden kasvua hidastavat muun muassa logistiset ja markkinoinnilliset haasteet. Yksi keino näiden haasteiden ylittämiseen on luomu- ja lähiruoan pakkausten kehittäminen. Tämän diplomityön tarkoituksena on kartoittaa luomu- ja lähiruoan pakkausten ja pakkaamisen nykyisiä vaatimuksia ja tulevaisuuden trendejä elintarvikeketjun toimijoiden näkökulmasta. Tavoitteena on tuottaa uutta tietoa hyödynnettäväksi pakkauskehityksessä. Tutkimuksen teoreettisessa osassa kartoitetaan luomu- ja lähiruokamarkkinoita Suomessa ja Euroopassa, elintarvikeketjua ja sen toimijoiden rooleja sekä pakkausten tehtäviä ja elementtejä. Tutkimusmenetelmänä on käytetty laadullista haastattelututkimusta ja tutkimuksen empiiristä osuutta varten haastateltiin 18 elintarvikeketjun toimijaa Etelä-Suomen alueelta. Elintarvikeketjun toimijoiden tärkeimmät vaatimukset luomu- ja lähiruoan pakkauksille liittyvät tuotteiden suojaamiseen ja säilyttämiseen sekä pakkausten erottumiseen tavanomaisen ruoan pakkauksista. Vaatimukset ovat hyvin pitkälti samoja eri toimijaryhmien kesken. Tulevaisuudessa luomu- ja lähiruoan pakkaukset ovat toimijoiden näkemyksen mukaan entistä erottuvampia, ekologisempia sekä tarkemmin asiakkaan ja tuotteen tarpeiden mukaan mietittyjä. Lisäksi pakkauksiin tullaan laittamaan aktiivisia ja älykkäitä ominaisuuksia, vaikka osa toimijoista näkeekin ne tarpeettomina.

Rapport à soi et citoyennetés alimentaires : diagnostic d'une politique des plaisirs

Cette thèse s’intéresse à l’alimentaire en tant que discours social du « comment se nourrir » se déployant avec une intensité toute particulière dans l’actuel régime de gouvernement de libéralisme avancé. Elle propose plus spécifiquement de penser cette intensité comme participant d’un investissement de l’alimentaire en tant que lieu privilégié dans la production d’articulations du rapport à soi (relation éthique à soi-même) et d’une citoyenneté comprise en termes d’abord normatifs. Cette productivité est mise en évidence par le biais d’une « exemplification » des ensembles de régularités des discours alimentaires contemporains qui s’avèrent les plus saillants quant à leurs effets de citoyenneté. Le premier de ces ensembles est abordé à travers une analyse de la campagne de réforme des habitudes alimentaires des écoliers britanniques Jamie’s School Dinners, considérée en tant qu’exemple des discours tendant aujourd’hui à faire d’une certaine culture alimentaire un enjeu de citoyenneté culturelle. Je m’intéresse dans un second temps aux dynamiques qui s’opèrent dans Mettez le Québec dans votre assiette!, une campagne sociétale en faveur de l’alimentation locale qui m’apparait exemplaire de la production contemporaine du « manger local » en tant qu’expression de confiance et de patriotisme envers une nation définie par ses terroirs. Finalement, je me tourne vers l’ouvrage In Defense of Food. An Eater’s Manifesto de Michael Pollan en tant qu’exemple de coprésence des deux ensembles de régularités discutés précédemment et d’un troisième (le « nutritionnisme ») que j’analyse en tant que réarticulation du discours de devoir de santé de la science nutritionnelle. Cette thèse se conclut sur une discussion de quelques-uns des effets de cette coprésence et des citoyennetés alimentaires qu’elle informe. Je m’attarde plus spécifiquement à la politique des plaisirs qui traverse ces citoyennetés, une politique se déployant sur le mode de l’anxiété (face à un futur incertain) et selon une logique générationnelle par laquelle les espaces de la nation et de la famille se trouvent simultanément investis.

Wastewater Treatment Project for Palma Soriano, Cuba: Assessment of Cultural and Ecological Conditions

The Palma Project is an experiment in the use of cultural identity as a social trigger to address ecological degradation. The research methodology draws from environmental, social and urban analyses to unveil the best strategy to address the ecological, river restoration and water treatment challenges in Berkeley, California’s “Sister City” in southeast Cuba, Palma Soriano. The objective is to provide a better quality of life and to create new opportunities for the local community to reconnect with natural cycles of water and the cultivation of their own land. The project aim is to promote the strength and capacity of local communities to protect their own environment based upon a master plan, which includes natural wastewater treatment, reforestation, urban agriculture and the facilitation and utilization of a public space bordering the major river which flows by Palma Soriano, the Cauto. This project will contribute and produce healthy water recycling for Palma, provide a potable water source for the city, encourage ecological restoration of the riparian zone of the Cauto, and provide new opportunities for food production. It is designed to preserve the cultural identity of the local community, and to restore the essential balance between the community’s need to sustain both itself and the natural environment.

Indigenous Knowledge (IK) of Water Resources Management in West Sumatra, Indonesia

This study was aim to describe the indigenous knowledge of farmers at Nagari Padang laweh Malalo (NPLM) and their adaptability to climate change. Not only the water scarcity is feared, but climate change is also affecting their food security. Local food security can be achieved if biodiversity in their surrounding area is suitable to the local needs. The study was conducted by using Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) such as observation and discussion. The combination of in depth interview, life history, semi structure questionnaire, pictures, mapping and expert interviews was implemented. Data was analyzed by using MAXQDA 10 and F4 audio analysis software. The result shows awareness of the people and scarcity of water conditions has allowed the people of NPLM to face this challenge with wisdom. Aia adat (water resources controlled and regulate by custom) is one of their strategies to distribute the water. The general rule is that irrigation will flow from 6 pm – 6 am regularly to all farm land under supervision of kapalo banda. When rains occur, water resources can be used during the day without special supervision. They were used traditional knowledge to manage water resources for their land and daily usage. This study may be helpful for researcher and other farmers in different region to learn encounter water scarcity.

Small and Closed vs. Large and Open: Some Lessons from Comparing Cuban to Colombian Agricultural Development

Comparing the experiences of selected Latin America and the Caribbean countries and their trajectories over the past 15 years offers rich insights into the dynamics and causes for not meeting the 2015 MDGs. They also offer clues for post-MDG strategies. Central to achieving sustainable growth are government policies able to support small and medium-sized farms and peasants, as they are crucial for the achievement of several goals, centrally: to achieve food security; to provide a sound and stable rural environment able to resist external (financial) shocks; to secure healthy food; to secure local food; and to protect vibrant and culturally rich local communities. This paper analyses and compares the most successful government policies to the least successful policies carried out over the last 15 years in selected Latin American and Caribbean countries and based on this analysis, offers strategies for more promising post-MDG politics, able to reduce poverty, reduce inequality, fight back informality, and achieve more decent work in poor countries.

An RCT study to evaluate a targeted, theory driven healthy eating leaflet

A theory based healthy eating leaflet was evaluated against an existing publicly available standard leaflet. The intervention leaflet was designed to encourage healthy eating in 18-30 year olds and was developed by modifying an existing British Nutrition Foundation leaflet. The intervention leaflet targeted attitudes and self-efficacy. Participants (n=104) were randomly assigned either to the intervention, Foundation or a local food leaflet control condition. Cognitions were measured pre-intervention, immediately after reading the corresponding leaflet, and once again at two weeks follow-up. Critically, intentions to eat healthily were significantly greater at follow-up in the Intervention group compared to the other two groups, with the former leaflet also being perceived as more persuasive. The Intervention group also showed evidence of healthier eating at two weeks compared to the other two groups. Collectively the results illustrate the utility of a targeted theory-based approach.

Investigating Environmental Determinants of Diet, Physical Activity, and Overweight among Adults in Sao Paulo, Brazil

There is worldwide recognition that the burden of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and obesity-related health problems is rapidly increasing in low- and middle-income countries. Environmental determinants of obesity are likely to differ between countries, particularly in those undergoing rapid socioeconomic and nutrition transitions such as Brazil. This study aims to describe some built environment and local food environment variables and to explore their association with the overweight rate and diet and physical activity area-level aggregated indicators of adults living in the city of Sao Paulo, the largest city in Brazil. This formative study includes an ecological analysis of environmental factors associated with overweight across 31 submunicipalities of the city of Sao Paulo using statistical and spatial analyses. Average prevalence of overweight was 41.69% (95% confidence interval 38.74, 44.64), ranging from 27.14% to 60.75% across the submunicipalities. There was a wide geographical variation of both individual diet and physical activity, and indicators of food and built environments, favoring wealthier areas. After controlling for area socioeconomic status, there was a positive correlation between regular fruits and vegetables (FV) intake and density of FV specialized food markets (r = 0.497; p < 0.001), but no relationship between fast-food restaurant density and overweight prevalence was found. A negative association between overweight prevalence and density of parks and public sport facilities was seen (r = -0.527; p < 0.05). Understanding the relationship between local neighborhood environments and increasing rates of poor diet, physical activity, and obesity is essential in countries undergoing rapid economic and urban development, such as Brazil, in order to provide insights for policies to reduce increasing rates of NCDs and food access and health inequalities.

Fatores associados à persistência da desnutrição em crianças acompanhadas pelo sistema de vigilância alimentar e nutricional de Piracicaba-SP

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Brazilian policies and strategies for rural territorial development in Mozambique: South-South cooperation and the case of ProSAVANA and PAA

Pós-graduação em Geografia - FCT

Impacto ecológico, comportamental e fisiológico da bioinvasão sobre populações nativas: o caso do siri invasor Charybdis hellerii

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Filiera corta: percorsi di innovazione tecnici, organizzativi e sociali nella gestione strategica delle nicchie. Esperienze in Toscana e in Provenza

There is a widening consensus around the fact that, in many developed countries, food production-consumption patterns are in recent years interested by a process of deep change towards diversification and re-localisation practices, as a counter-tendency to the trend to the increasing disconnection between farming and food, producers and consumers. The relevance of these initiatives doesn't certainly lie on their economic dimension, but rather in their intense diffusion and growth rate, their spontaneous and autonomous nature and, especially, their intrinsic innovative potential. These dynamics involve a wide range of actors around local food patterns, embedding short food supply chains initiatives within a more complex and wider process of rural development, based on principles of sustainability, multifunctionality and valorisation of endogenous resources. In this work we have been analysing these features through a multi-level perspective, with reference to the dynamics between niche and regime and the inherent characteristics of the innovation paths. We apply this approach, through a qualitative methodology, to the analysis of the experience of farmers’ markets and Solidarity-Based Consumers Groups (Gruppi di Acquisto Solidale) ongoing in Tuscany, seeking to highlight the dynamics that are affecting the establishment of this alternative food production-consumption model (and its related innovative potential) from within and from without. To verify if and in which conditions they can constitute a niche, a protected space where radical innovations can develop, we make reference to the three interrelated analytic dimensions of socio-technical systems: the actors (i.e. individuals. social groups, organisations), the rules and institutions system, and the artefacts (i.e. the material and immaterial contexts in which the actors move). Through it, we analyse the innovative potential of niches and the level of their structuration and , then, the mechanisms of system transition, focusing on the new dynamics within the niche and between the niche and the policy regime emerging after the growth of interest by mass-media and public institutions and their direct involvement in the initiatives. Following the development of these significant experiences, we explore more deeply social, economic, cultural, political and organisational factors affecting innovations in face-to-face interactions, underpinning the critical aspects (sharing of alternative values, coherence at individual choices level, frictions on organisational aspects, inclusion/exclusion, attitudes towards integration at territorial level), towards uncovering until to the emergence of tensions and the risks of opportunistic behaviours that might arise from their growth. Finally, a comparison with similar experiences abroad is drawn (specifically with Provence), in order to detect food for thought, potentially useful for leading regional initiativestowards transition path.

Pratiche del possibile: i Participatory Guarantee Systems e le scelte d'acquisto del consumatore brasiliano

Negli ultimi anni, parallelamente all’espansione del settore biologico, si è assistito a un crescente interesse per i modelli alternativi di garanzia dell’integrità e della genuinità dei prodotti biologici. Gruppi di piccoli agricoltori di tutto il mondo hanno iniziato a sviluppare approcci alternativi per affrontare i problemi connessi alla certificazione di terza parte. Queste pratiche sono note come Sistemi di Garanzia Partecipativa (PGS). Tali modelli: (i) si basano sugli standard di certificazione biologica dell’IFOAM, (ii) riguardano il complesso dei produttori di una comunità rurale, (iii) comportano l’inclusione di una grande varietà di attori e (iv) hanno lo scopo di ridurre al minimo burocrazia e costi semplificando le procedure di verifica e incorporando un elemento di educazione ambientale e sociale sia per i produttori sia per i consumatori. Gli obiettivi di questo lavoro di ricerca: • descrivere il funzionamento dei sistemi di garanzia partecipativa; • indicare i vantaggi della loro adozione nei Paesi in via di sviluppo e non; • illustrare il caso della Rede Ecovida de Agroecologia (Brasile); • offrire uno spunto di riflessione che riguarda il consumatore e la relativa fiducia nel modello PGS. L’impianto teorico fa riferimento alla Teoria delle Convenzioni. Sulla base del quadro teorico è stato costruito un questionario per i consumatori con lo scopo di testare l’appropriatezza delle ipotesi teoriche. I risultati finali riguardano la stima del livello di conoscenza attuale, la fiducia e la volontà d’acquisto dei prodotti PGS da parte dei consumatori nelle aree considerate. Sulla base di questa ricerca sarà possibile adattare ed esportare il modello empirico in altri paesi che presentano economie diverse per cercare di comprendere il potenziale campo di applicazione dei sistemi di garanzia partecipativa.