Effects of red brick production on land use, household income, and greenhouse gas emissions in Khartoum, Sudan

In Khartoum (Sudan) a particular factor shaping urban land use is the rapid expansion of red brick making (BM) for the construction of houses which occurs on the most fertile agricultural Gerif soils along the Nile banks. The objectives of this study were to assess the profitability of BM, to explore the income distribution among farmers and kiln owners, to measure the dry matter (DM), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and organic carbon (C_org) in cow dung used for BM, and to estimate the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from burned biomass fuel (cow dung and fuel wood). About 49 kiln owners were interviewed in 2009 using a semi-structured questionnaire that allowed to record socio-economic and variable cost data for budget calculations, and determination of Gini coefficients. Samples of cow dung were collected directly from the kilns and analyzed for their nutrients concentrations. To estimate GHG emissions a modified approach of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was used. The land rental value from red brick kilns was estimated at 5-fold the rental value from agriculture and the land rent to total cost ratio was 29% for urban farms compared to 6% for BM. The Gini coefficients indicated that income distribution among kiln owners was more equal than among urban farmers. Using IPCC default values the 475, 381, and 36 t DM of loose dung, compacted dung, and fuel wood used for BM emit annually 688, 548, and 60 t of GHGs, respectively.

Determinar las características demográficas y resultados espirométricos en trabajadores de la asociación nacional de fabricantes de ladrillos y materiales de construcción (Anafalco) en el mes de agosto del 2013

Objetivo: Identificar las alteraciones espirométricas en trabajadores de las ladrilleras en el sur de Bogotá y sus condiciones sociodemográficas Metodologia: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de tipo transversal, donde se evaluaron las condiciones demográficas de trabajadores de 17 ladrilleras de 33 que conforman LA ASOCIACIÓN NACIONAL DE FABRICANTES DE LADRILLOS Y MATERIALES DE CONSTRUCCIÓN (ANAFALCO) y el resultado de la espirometría en pacientes con exámenes médicos ocupacionales en el mes de agosto de 2013 realizados por la compañía ASODER CONSULTORES IPS en Bogotá Colombia. Los datos obtenidos son descritos mediante medidas de frecuencia relativas como porcentajes y se consideró el uso de tablas de contingencia para el cruce de variables. Resultados: Se encontro una población predominantemente masculina, cuya media de edad es de 41,6 años, con un nivel educativo dada por educación básica primaria incompleta y con prevalencia del estado civil de unión libre; el 91% de la población labora en el área operativa, con una antigüedad en la empresa prevalente entre 1 a 5 años con un 44%. El 31% de los trabajadores presento habito de consumo de cigarrillo, y el 35% reporto practicar algún ejercicio físico. En los resultados de la espirometria el 79% presento resultado normal, el 21% mostro espirometria anormal, con predominancia de patrón obstructivo leve (17%). Conclusiones: La alteración del patrón espirometrico predomina en trabajadores del área operativa, con edad mayor a 50 años, que llevan más de 10 años trabajando en la empresa. El habito de fumar no es un factor de riesgo directamente relacionado, pero la práctica de deporte si figura como factor protector. El patrón de alteración predominante fue el obstructivo leve, lo que sugiere la posibilidad de aplicar medidas de prevención y protección para minimizar la progresión hacia alteraciones de mayor severidad.

Determinar las características demográficas y resultados espirométricos en trabajadores de la asociación nacional de fabricantes de ladrillos y materiales de construcción (Anafalco) en el mes de agosto del 2013

Objetivo: Identificar las alteraciones espirométricas en trabajadores de las ladrilleras en el sur de Bogotá y sus condiciones sociodemográficas Metodología: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de tipo transversal, donde se evaluaron las condiciones demográficas de trabajadores de 17 ladrilleras de 33 que conforman LA ASOCIACIÓN NACIONAL DE FABRICANTES DE LADRILLOS Y MATERIALES DE CONSTRUCCIÓN (ANAFALCO) y el resultado de la espirometría en pacientes con exámenes médicos ocupacionales en el mes de agosto de 2013 realizados por la compañía ASODER CONSULTORES IPS en Bogotá Colombia. Los datos obtenidos son descritos mediante medidas de frecuencia relativas como porcentajes y se consideró el uso de tablas de contingencia para el cruce de variables. Resultados: Se encontró una población predominantemente masculina, cuya media de edad es de 41,6 años, con un nivel educativo dada por educación básica primaria incompleta y con prevalencia del estado civil de unión libre; el 91% de la población labora en el área operativa, con una antigüedad en la empresa prevalente entre 1 a 5 años con un 44%. El 31% de los trabajadores presentó hábito de consumo de cigarrillo, y el 35% reporto practicar algún ejercicio físico. En los resultados de la espirometría el 79% presento resultado normal, el 21% mostró espirometría anormal, con predominancia de patrón obstructivo leve (17%). Conclusiones: La alteración del patrón espirométrico predomina en trabajadores del área operativa, con edad mayor a 50 años, que llevan más de 10 años trabajando en la empresa. El hábito de fumar no es un factor de riesgo directamente relacionado, pero la práctica de deporte si figura como factor protector. El patrón de alteración predominante fue el obstructivo leve, lo que sugiere la posibilidad de aplicar medidas de prevención y protección para minimizar la progresión hacia alteraciones de mayor severidad.

Análise das propriedades termofísicas, mecânicas e geométricas de telhas cerâmicas queimadas em forno caieira e forno abóbada

In the industry of ceramic in Rio G. do Norte, tile stands out as the most manufactured product by this industry, being the intermittent kiln abóbada and caieira the principal type of kiln used in burning. There was a need to make a study of the influence exerted by the type of kiln in which tiles are burnt in their thermo physical properties. The analysis started with 24 raw samples of tile, which was split in two groups of 12 samples and burnt in Abóbada and Caieira kiln. Besides that, it was made study of the tax of heat transfer to the environment (for each kiln). After having been burnt the samples were taken for laboratory analysis. The properties verified were impermeability, determination of dry mass, absorption of water, the load of bending rupture and its geometric characteristics, the tests were conducted following the currents standards. The tests were carried out according to the ABNT - NBR 15310. The calculation of the rate of heat transfer showed that the abóbada kiln is more efficient than the Caieira, however the results of tests on the samples revealed no superiority of one over another sample. So the furnace had no influence on the performance of the ceramic tiles

Incorporação de lodo de esgoto na massa cerâmica para fabricação de tijolos maciços: uma alternativa para a disposição final de resíduo

The disposal of sewage sludge is a growing problem face up to management of sanitary sevices. Otherwise, because its making process characteristic, the Ceramic Industry can tolerate the presence of this wastes as raw material. This study has as object to confirm the use of the sewage sluge in the Ceramic Industry like a sustentable alternative for its disposal. Futhermore, this study quests to evaluate the maximum proportion for incorporation of sludge wich result in technically and enviromentally suitable bricks. For found this proportion, the research consisted of (1) making of bricks in full scale, adde up 0%, 5%,10%, 15%, 20%, 25%,30%, 35% e 40% sludge, with size 220x105x45 mm, hand-molded by rammer and baked by industrial kiln; and (2) tecnical and enviromental evaluation of this bricks, according to Brazilian norms. The raw material uses were two distinct clays come from Goianinha/RN and sewage comes from a septic system tank and pumped into tank vehicle, of Natal/RN. The technical evaluation allowed to conclude the addiotion of the sludge brings about signifcant lost of mass and the water absorption grew up according to increase of sludge: every sludge-amended clay bricks absorved more water than control group. Thus, the compressive strength was signicantly decreased because the increase of sludge: bricks with 5% sludge added lost 45% of strength achieved at control group; the bricks made with 10 and 20% lost almost 70% of bigger strength. With up to 25% sludge added to the bricks, the streght decreased over 90%. Concerning heavy metal leaching, the two maximum proportion wich have tecnical approval, it means bricks sludge added with 15 and 20%, can say there is no risk of enviromental contamination using those bricks. This way, in this work context, it can to conclude the maximum proportion atends the technical and enviromental criterion is 20%

Influência da cinética de oxidação no controle da atmosfera de fornos de revestimentos cerâmicos

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Influence of the substitution of Y2O3 for CeO2 on the mechanical and microstructural properties of silicon nitride

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Matéria-prima da formação Corumbataí na região do pólo cerâmico de Santa Gertrudes, SP, com características naturais para fabricação de argila expandida

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Influência da posição diametral das tábuas e da vaporização nos defeitos de secagem de Eucalyptus grandis

This study evaluated the Eucalyptus grandis drying defects acting on boards diametrical position and on log steaming. Half of the logs, with diameter from 20 to <25, 25 to <30 and 30 to <35cm, were steamed during 20 hours at 90°C of temperature. Subsequently, the logs (control and steamed) were sawn. The boards were dried in the dry-kiln pilot and the resulting defects from the drying process were measured. The results indicate that: (1) the boards coming from control logs presented different magnitude defects in function of the diametrical position. The split and spring to increase in direction to pith, the bow to increase in direction to bark and cupping were bigger in intermediary boards; (2) the boards coming from steamed logs presented a reduction from drying defects in function of logs diameter and its more homogeneous index in the pith-bark direction.

Caminhos da cerâmica em Cunha: paneleiras, olarias e ateliês, elementos importantes na formação do histórico ceramista da cidade

Pós-graduação em Artes - IA

Avaliação da influência do selante de superfície sobre a translucidez de resina composta. Efeito de tempos e soluções

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Estimativa do tempo de vaporização das toras e sua implicação no desdobro e na secagem da madeira de Eucalyptus grandis

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Utilização de células tronco mesenquimais autólogas para o tratamento de éguas com endometrite crônica degenerativa

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Desenvolvimento de um sistema de incineração de resíduos sólidos para utilização com combustão pulsante

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)