Culture organisationnelle et santé mentale au travail

Cette thèse doctorale poursuit l’objectif de mieux comprendre le rôle joué par la culture organisationnelle en tant que déterminant des problèmes de santé mentale dans la main-d’œuvre. Ceci, dans un contexte où les organisations font face à plusieurs défis importants pouvant affecter leur survie et pérennité, mais surtout face aux coûts directs et indirects reliés à ce type de problèmes qui ne cessent d’augmenter. Cette thèse fut également inspirée par les nombreuses limites constatées à la suite d’une revue de la littérature sur la santé mentale au travail, alors que les principaux modèles sur le stress professionnel (e.g. modèle demandes-contrôle de Karasek (1979), modèle demandes-contrôle-soutien de Karasek et Theorell (1990), le modèle du Déséquilibre Efforts-Récompenses de Siegrist (1996) et le modèle Demandes-Ressources de Demerouti et al., (2001)) et guidant la recherche sur le sujet, ne tiennent pas compte du contexte organisationnel élargi dans lequel se vit le travail. Un élément bien précis du contexte organisationnel est le cœur de cette thèse soit la culture organisationnelle. En effet, la culture organisationnelle joue-t-elle un rôle dans le développement et/ou l’aggravation de problèmes de santé mentale dans la main-d’œuvre? Si oui ce rôle existe, alors comment et sous quelles conditions la culture organisationnelle est-elle susceptible de protéger ou de fragiliser la santé mentale des individus? Dans le but de mieux comprendre le rôle joué par la culture organisationnelle en matière de santé mentale au travail, nous avons eu recours à un modèle théorique intégrateur exposant les relations entre la culture organisationnelle, les conditions de l’organisation du travail et la santé mentale. Cette articulation théorique est présentée sous forme d’article dans le cadre de cette thèse. De ce modèle découle deux grandes hypothèses. La première est à l’effet que les conditions de l’organisation du travail sont associées à la détresse psychologique et à l’épuisement professionnel une fois tenu en compte la culture organisationnelle. La seconde hypothèse induite par le modèle proposé, pose que les conditions de l’organisation du travail médiatisent la relation entre la culture organisationnelle et les problèmes de santé mentale au travail. Ces hypothèses de recherche furent testées à partir de données transversales obtenues dans le cadre du projet de recherche SALVEO de l’Équipe de Recherche sur le Travail et la Santé Mentale (ERTSM) de l’Université de Montréal. Les résultats obtenus sont présentés sous forme de deux articles, soumis pour publication, lesquels constituent les chapitres 5 et 6 de cette thèse. Dans l’ensemble, le modèle théorique proposé obtient un soutient empirique important et tend à démontrer que la culture organisationnelle joue indirectement sur la détresse psychologique de par son influence sur les conditions de l’organisation du travail. Pour l’épuisement professionnel, les résultats démontrent que la culture organisationnelle influence directement et indirectement les problèmes de santé mentale au travail. Les résultats corroborent l’importance de développer de nouveaux modèles théoriques pour mieux inclure des facteurs reliés à l’organisation et au contexte organisationnel plus large afin d’avoir un portrait complet de la problématique de la santé mentale au travail. Cette thèse conclue sur les implications de ces résultats pour la recherche, et pour les retombées pratiques pour la gestion des ressources humaines.

Predictors of job strain and intention to quit in a reorganised Australian workforce

This study examined the role of working conditions in predicting the psychological health, job satisfaction, organisational commitment and intention to quit of employees working in an industry sector that had undergone large-scale organisational change. The working conditions were assessed using an augmented job strain model- whereby job demand, job control and social support had been augmented by industry-specific stressors - and the psychological contract model. The results of regression analyses indicate that social support was predictive of all of the outcome measures. Job control and the honouring of psychological contracts were both predictive of job satisfaction and commitment, Furthermore, job satisfaction and organisational commitment were found to mediate the relationship between working conditions and intention to quit. Collectively, these findings suggest that strategies aimed at combating the negative effects of organisational change could be enhanced by addressing several variables represented in the models - particularly social support, job control and psychological contracts.

Does workplace social capital buffer the effects of job stress? A cross-sectional, multilevel analysis of cigarette smoking among U.S. manufacturing workers

Objective: To investigate whether workplace social capital buffers the association between job stress and smoking status. Methods: As part of the Harvard Cancer Prevention Project's Healthy Directions—Small Business Study, interviewer-administered questionnaires were completed by 1740 workers and 288 managers in 26 manufacturing firms (84% and 85% response). Social capital was assessed by multiple items measured at the individual level among workers and contextual level among managers. Job stress was operationalized by the demand-control model. Multilevel logistic regression was used to estimate associations between job stressors and smoking and test for effect modification by social capital measures. Results: Workplace social capital (both summary measures) buffered associations between high job demands and smoking. One compositional item—worker trust in managers—buffered associations between job strain and smoking. Conclusion: Workplace social capital may modify the effects of psychosocial working conditions on health behaviors.

Elastic computing on Cloud resources for the CMS experiment

Nowadays, data handling and data analysis in High Energy Physics requires a vast amount of computational power and storage. In particular, the world-wide LHC Com- puting Grid (LCG), an infrastructure and pool of services developed and deployed by a ample community of physicists and computer scientists, has demonstrated to be a game changer in the efficiency of data analyses during Run-I at the LHC, playing a crucial role in the Higgs boson discovery. Recently, the Cloud computing paradigm is emerging and reaching a considerable adoption level by many different scientific organizations and not only. Cloud allows to access and utilize not-owned large computing resources shared among many scientific communities. Considering the challenging requirements of LHC physics in Run-II and beyond, the LHC computing community is interested in exploring Clouds and see whether they can provide a complementary approach - or even a valid alternative - to the existing technological solutions based on Grid. In the LHC community, several experiments have been adopting Cloud approaches, and in particular the experience of the CMS experiment is of relevance to this thesis. The LHC Run-II has just started, and Cloud-based solutions are already in production for CMS. However, other approaches of Cloud usage are being thought of and are at the prototype level, as the work done in this thesis. This effort is of paramount importance to be able to equip CMS with the capability to elastically and flexibly access and utilize the computing resources needed to face the challenges of Run-III and Run-IV. The main purpose of this thesis is to present forefront Cloud approaches that allow the CMS experiment to extend to on-demand resources dynamically allocated as needed. Moreover, a direct access to Cloud resources is presented as suitable use case to face up with the CMS experiment needs. Chapter 1 presents an overview of High Energy Physics at the LHC and of the CMS experience in Run-I, as well as preparation for Run-II. Chapter 2 describes the current CMS Computing Model, and Chapter 3 provides Cloud approaches pursued and used within the CMS Collaboration. Chapter 4 and Chapter 5 discuss the original and forefront work done in this thesis to develop and test working prototypes of elastic extensions of CMS computing resources on Clouds, and HEP Computing “as a Service”. The impact of such work on a benchmark CMS physics use-cases is also demonstrated.

The discretionary role of the line manager in inspiring work engagement and innovative behaviour:a study of social exchange and job resources in the public sector

This thesis is about the discretionary role of the line manager in inspiring the work engagement of staff and their resulting innovative behaviour examined through the lens of Social Exchange Theory (Blau, 1964) and the Job Demands-Resources theory (Bakker, Demerouti, Nachreiner & Schaufeli, 2001). The study is focused on a large British Public Sector organisation undergoing a major organisational shift in the way in which they operate as part of the public sector. It is often claimed that people do not leave organisations; they leave line managers (Kozlowski & Doherty, 1989). Regardless of the knowledge in the literature concerning the importance of the line manager in organisations (Purcell, 2003), the engagement literature in particular is lacking in the consideration of such a fundamental figure in organisational life. Further, the understanding of the black box of managerial discretion and its relationship to employee and organisation related outcomes would benefit from greater exploration (Purcell, 2003; Gerhart, 2005; Scott, et al, 2009). The purpose of this research is to address these gaps with relation to the innovative behaviour of employees in the public sector – an area that is not typically associated with the public sector (Bhatta, 2003; McGuire, Stoner & Mylona, 2008; Hughes, Moore & Kataria, 2011). The study is a CASE Award PhD thesis, requiring academic and practical elements to the research. The study is of one case organisation, focusing on one service characterised by a high level of adoption of Strategic Human Resource Management activities and operating in a rather unique manner for the public sector, having private sector competition for work. The study involved a mixed methods approach to data collection. Preliminary focus groups with 45 participants were conducted, followed by an ethnographic period of five months embedded into the service conducting interviews and observations. This culminated in a quantitative survey delivered within the wider directorate to approximately 500 staff members. The study used aspects of the Grounded Theory (Glaser & Strauss, 1967) approach to analyse the data and developed results that highlight the importance of the line manager in an area characterised by SHRM and organisational change for engaging employees and encouraging innovative behaviour. This survey was completed on behalf of the organisation and the findings of this are presented in appendix 1, in order to keep the focus of the PhD on theory development. Implications for theory and practice are discussed alongside the core finding. Line managers’ discretion surrounding the provision of job resources (in particular trust, autonomy and implementation and interpretation of combined bundles of SHRM policies and procedures) influenced the exchange process by which employees responded with work engagement and innovative behaviour. Limitations to the research are the limitations commonly attributed to cross-sectional data collection methods and those surrounding generalisability of the qualitative findings outside of the contextual factors characterising the service area. Suggestions for future research involve addressing these limitations and further exploration of the discretionary role with regards to extending our understanding of line manager discretion.

The Model of Unreliable Elements (Human Resources) Intellectual Management System on the Basis of Their Psychological and Personal Characteristics

The Article suggests a possible approach to creation of the Intellectual Management System for human resources and personnel (during their professional tasks solving), and that could consider personal characteristics and psychological condition of the human resources as an “unreliable” element. The Article describes some elements of the Intellectual Management System: professional activity model and “unreliable” element (human resources) model.

The role of emotional labour and role stress on burnout and psychological strain in high contact service employees

This study examines the relationships between job demands (in the form of role stressors and emotional management) and employee burnout amongst high contact service employees. Employees in customer facing roles are frequently required to manage overwhelming, conflicting or ambiguous demands, which they may feel ill-equipped to handle. Simultaneously, they must manage the emotions they display towards customers, suppressing some, and expressing others, be they genuine or contrived. If the in-role effort required of employees exceeds their inherent capacity to cope, burnout may result. Burnout, in turn, can have serious detrimental consequences for the psychological well being of employees. We find that both emotional management and role stressors impact burnout. We also confirm that burnout predicts psychological strain. In line with the Job Demands and Resources Model, we examine the mitigating impact of perceived support on these relationships but do not find a significant mitigating impact.

English in the urban environment : resources for 21st century readers

Where teachers of English as a foreign language (EFL) once observed a paucity of authentic language input, public displays of written English are now proliferating. Ideas for capitalising on this abundance can be drawn from two strands of pedagogic thought: a psycholinguistic approach to conventional literacy long established in foreign, second and first language education (e.g., Teng, 2009), and a more recent and critical approach informed by diverse theoretical understandings of the ‘linguistic landscape’ (e.g., Rowland, 2013). In this paper I draw from these two approaches to suggest ways of helping EFL learners use environmental print to develop knowledge and skills required of English readers in the twenty-first century: (1) fluency in breaking the codes of English and other languages of publicly displayed text; (2) facility with making meaning as the English of these texts becomes ever more diverse in cultural, historical and contextual implication; (3) use of environmental English in contexts that range from the local to the transnational; and (4) critique of the presence of English and attendant worldviews in the urban environment (Chern & Dooley, forthcoming). The psychological concept of motivation and the complementary sociological concept of investment are at the heart of my deliberations here: realisation of the pedagogic potential of environmental print to develop literate resources requires consideration of sources of motivation in the classroom learning situation (Dörnyei & Ushioda, 2011), as well as learner investment in literate practices in English (Norton, 2010).

Work Stress and Early Atherosclerosis: Do Genetic Background and Pre-Employment Risk Factors Explain Conflicting Findings?

According to the models conceptualizing work stress, increased risk of health problems arise when high job demands co-occur with low job control (the demand-control model) or the efforts invested by the employee are disproportionately high compared to the rewards received (effort-reward imbalance model). This study examined the association between work stress and early atherosclerosis with particular attention to the role of pre-employment risk factors and genetic background in this association. The subjects were young healthy adults aged 24-39 who were participating in the 21-year follow-up of the ongoing prospective "Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns" study in 2001-2002. Work stress was evaluated with questionnaires on demand-control model and on effort-reward model. Atherosclerosis was assessed with ultrasound of carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT). In addition, risk for enhanced atherosclerotic process was assessed by measuring with heart rate variability and heart rate. Pre-employment risk factors, measured at age 12 to 18, included such as body mass index, blood lipids, family history of coronary heart disease, and parental socioeconomic position. Variants of the neuregulin-1 were determined using genomic DNA. The results showed that higher work stress was associated with higher IMT in men. This association was not attenuated by traditional risk factors of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease or by pre-employment risk factors measured in adolescence. Neuregulin-1 gene moderated the association between work stress and IMT in men. A significant association between work stress and IMT was found only for the T/T genotype of the neuregulin-1 gene but not for other genotypes. Among women an association was found between higher work stress and lower heart rate variability, suggesting higher risk for developing atherosclerosis. These associations could not be explained by demographic characteristics or coronary risk factors. The present findings provide evidence for an association between work stress and atherosclerosis in relatively young population. This association seems to be modified by genetic influences but it does not appear to be confounded by pre-employment adolescent risk factors.

Modeling dynamic demand response using Monte Carlo simulation and interval mathematics for boundary estimation

With the rapid development of various technologies and applications in smart grid implementation, demand response has attracted growing research interests because of its potentials in enhancing power grid reliability with reduced system operation costs. This paper presents a new demand response model with elastic economic dispatch in a locational marginal pricing market. It models system economic dispatch as a feedback control process, and introduces a flexible and adjustable load cost as a controlled signal to adjust demand response. Compared with the conventional “one time use” static load dispatch model, this dynamic feedback demand response model may adjust the load to a desired level in a finite number of time steps and a proof of convergence is provided. In addition, Monte Carlo simulation and boundary calculation using interval mathematics are applied for describing uncertainty of end-user's response to an independent system operator's expected dispatch. A numerical analysis based on the modified Pennsylvania-Jersey-Maryland power pool five-bus system is introduced for simulation and the results verify the effectiveness of the proposed model. System operators may use the proposed model to obtain insights in demand response processes for their decision-making regarding system load levels and operation conditions.

Work Stress in the Nursing Profession : An Evaluation of Organizational Causal Attribution

The goal of this study was to examine the role of organizational causal attribution in understanding the relation of work stressors (work-role overload, excessive role responsibility, and unpleasant physical environment) and personal resources (social support and cognitive coping) to such organizational-attitudinal outcomes as work engagement, turnover intention, and organizational identification. In some analyses, cognitive coping was also treated as an organizational outcome. Causal attribution was conceptualized in terms of four dimensions: internality-externality, attributing the cause of one’s successes and failures to oneself, as opposed to external factors, stability (thinking that the cause of one’s successes and failures is stable over time), globality (perceiving the cause to be operative on many areas of one’s life), and controllability (believing that one can control the causes of one’s successes and failures). Several hypotheses were derived from Karasek’s (1989) Job Demands–Control (JD-C) model and from the Job Demands–Resources (JD-R) model (Demerouti, Bakker, Nachreiner & Schaufeli, 2001). Based on the JD-C model, a number of moderation effects were predicted, stating that the strength of the association of work stressors with the outcome variables (e.g. turnover intentions) varies as a function of the causal attribution; for example, unpleasant work environment is more strongly associated with turnover intention among those with an external locus of causality than among those with an internal locuse of causality. From the JD-R model, a number of hypotheses on the mediation model were derived. They were based on two processes posited by the model: an energy-draining process in which work stressors along with a mediating effect of causal attribution for failures deplete the nurses’ energy, leading to turnover intention, and a motivational process in which personal resources along with a mediating effect of causal attribution for successes foster the nurses’ engagement in their work, leading to higher organizational identification and to decreased intention to leave the nursing job. For instance, it was expected that the relationship between work stressors and turnover intention could be explained (mediated) by a tendency to attribute one’s work failures to stable causes. The data were collected from among Finnish hospital nurses using e-questionnaires. Overall 934 nurses responded the questionnaires. Work stressors and personal resources were measured by five scales derived from the Occupational Stress Inventory-Revised (Osipow, 1998). Causal attribution was measured using the Occupational Attributional Style Questionnaire (Furnham, 2004). Work engagement was assessed through the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (Schaufeli & al., 2002), turnover intention by the Van Veldhoven & Meijman (1994) scale, and organizational identification by the Mael & Ashforth (1992) measure. The results provided support for the function of causal attribution in the overall work stress process. Findings related to the moderation model can be divided into three main findings. First, external locus of causality along with job level moderated the relationship between work overload and cognitive coping. Hence, this interaction was evidenced only among nurses in non-supervisory positions. Second, external locus of causality and job level together moderated the relationship between physical environment and turnover intention. An opposite pattern of interaction was found for this interaction: among nurses, externality exacerbated the effect of perceived unpleasantness of the physical environment on turnover intention, whereas among supervisors internality produced the same effect. Third, job level also disclosed a moderation effect for controllability attribution over the relationship between physical environment and cognitive coping. Findings related to the mediation model for the energetic process indicated that the partial model in which work stressors have also a direct effect on turnover intention fitted the data better. In the mediation model for the motivational process, an intermediate mediation effect in which the effects of personal resources on turnover intention went through two mediators (e.g., causal dimensions and organizational identification) fitted the data better. All dimensions of causal attribution appeared to follow a somewhat unique pattern of mediation effect not only for energetic but also for motivational processes. Overall findings on mediation models partly supported the two simultaneous underlying processes proposed by the JD-R model. While in the energetic process the dimension of externality mediated the relationship between stressors and turnover partially, all the dimensions of causal attribution appeared to entail significant mediator effects in the motivational process. The general findings supported the moderation effect and the mediation effect of causal attribution in the work stress process. The study contributes to several research traditions, including the interaction approach, the JD-C, and the JD-R models. However, many potential functions of organizational causal attribution are yet to be evaluated by relevant academic and organizational research. Keywords: organizational causal attribution, optimistic / pessimistic attributional style, work stressors, organisational stress process, stressors in nursing profession, hospital nursing, JD-R model, personal resources, turnover intention, work engagement, organizational identification.

Adaptive optimal load balancing in a nonhomogeneous multiserver system with a central job scheduler

A model comprising several servers, each equipped with its own queue and with possibly different service speeds, is considered. Each server receives a dedicated arrival stream of jobs; there is also a stream of generic jobs that arrive to a job scheduler and can be individually allocated to any of the servers. It is shown that if the arrival streams are all Poisson and all jobs have the same exponentially distributed service requirements, the probabilistic splitting of the generic stream that minimizes the average job response time is such that it balances the server idle times in a weighted least-squares sense, where the weighting coefficients are related to the service speeds of the servers. The corresponding result holds for nonexponentially distributed service times if the service speeds are all equal. This result is used to develop adaptive quasi-static algorithms for allocating jobs in the generic arrival stream when the load parameters are unknown. The algorithms utilize server idle-time measurements which are sent periodically to the central job scheduler. A model is developed for these measurements, and the result mentioned is used to cast the problem into one of finding a projection of the root of an affine function, when only noisy values of the function can be observed

Estresse no trabalho e pressão arterial: reflexões metodológicas sobre linearidade e operacionalização da exposição

O modelo demanda-controle proposto por Karasek caracteriza as situações de estresse no ambiente laboral que é definido pela alta exigência no trabalho resultante da combinação do efeito da demanda psicológica no trabalho (estressores) e moderadores do estresse, especialmente a capacidade de tomar decisões (controle). Existem diversas formas de operacionalizar a exposição (alta exigência no trabalho) descritas na literatura. No entanto, não há consenso sobre qual a melhor operacionalização. Outra questão negligenciada pela maioria dos autores é a forma funcional da curva exposição-resposta ou não linearidade da associação. Entre os desfechos avaliados em estudos sobre os efeitos do estresse no trabalho, usando o modelo demanda-controle, estão as doenças cardiovasculares, como a hipertensão arterial. Contudo, os resultados relatados parecem conflitantes sobre a associação entre o estresse no trabalho e a hipertensão arterial. Os objetivos deste trabalho são estudar a associação entre o estresse no trabalho e aumento da pressão arterial/hipertensão arterial usando as diferentes formas de operacionalização do estresse no trabalho e avaliar a curva exposição-resposta quanto à linearidade. O trabalho é um estudo seccional desenvolvido na população do Estudo Pró-Saúde que é composta por servidores públicos de uma universidade no Rio de Janeiro. Modelos de regressão usando diferentes distribuições foram usados para estimar a associação entre a alta exigência no trabalho e a pressão arterial/hipertensão arterial. Funções não lineares foram utilizadas para investigar a linearidade da associação entre a exposição e os desfechos. Os resultados sugerem que a relação entre a dimensão controle e a pressão arterial seja não linear. Foram observadas associações significativas entre alta exigência no trabalho e pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica para algumas formas de operacionalização da exposição, quando analisados separadamente. No entanto, quando analisadas de forma conjunta por meio do modelo de resposta bivariada não foi encontrada associação. Também não foi encontrada associação entre a alta exigência no trabalho e hipertensão arterial para nenhuma forma de operacionalização da exposição. Os modelos estatísticos com melhor ajuste foram aqueles em que a exposição foi operacionalizada por meio de quadrantes gerados pela mediana de cada uma das dimensões e de forma dicotômica com termo de interação entre demanda psicológica e controle. Neste estudo estas foram as formas mais adequadas de operacionalização. Os resultados também mostram que a associação entre a dimensão controle e a pressão arterial é não linear. Conclui-se que não há garantia de linearidade da associação entre estresse no trabalho e pressão arterial e que essa associação pode ser influenciada pela forma de operacionalização da exposição e do desfecho ou da estratégia de modelagem.

Demanda e controle no trabalho e hipertensão arterial: validade dimensional e meta-análise

O modelo demanda e controle de Karasek, elaborado na década de 1970, postula que os trabalhadores expostos a situações de alta exigência no trabalho, decorrente da combinação entre altas demandas psicológicas e baixo controle sobre o processo de trabalho, tem maior risco de apresentar eventos em saúde relacionados ao estresse, em particular doenças cardiovasculares. Os objetivos desta tese incluíram: avaliar propriedades psicométricas do instrumento Demand-Control-Support Questionnaire (DCSQ) e conduzir uma meta-análise dos estudos publicados sobre a associação entre alta exigência no trabalho e hipertensão arterial. Três artigos foram elaborados. O primeiro artigo avaliou a validade dimensional e consistência interna da versão brasileira do instrumento DCSQ, quando aplicado a trabalhadores de um hospital e nove restaurantes no Rio de Janeiro. O segundo artigo comparou as propriedades psicométricas do DCSQ no contexto dos trabalhadores de hospital no Brasil e na Suécia. O terceiro artigo apresentou uma meta-análise dos estudos de associação entre alta exigência no trabalho e hipertensão arterial. Os resultados evidenciaram que o instrumento DCSQ tem estrutura tridimensional e equivalente nas versões brasileira e sueca (original), representada por demandas psicológicas, uso de habilidades e autonomia para a decisão. O modelo de melhor ajuste excluiu a dimensão apoio social no trabalho e o item trabalho repetitivo (uso de habilidades). A meta-análise revelou que os estudos foram heterogêneos, a população-alvo foi restrita a países da Europa, EUA e Japão, sem evidência de associação entre alta exigência no trabalho, demanda e controle, e hipertensão arterial.

Estresse ocupacional segundo o modelo demanda-controle e suas repercussões na saúde do trabalhador de enfermagem: análise das variações de cortisol salivar

O objeto de estudo foi o estresse no trabalho e os níveis de cortisol salivar. O objetivo geral foi avaliar a associação entre estresse no trabalho e variações de cortisol salivar de trabalhadores de Enfermagem inseridos na assistência hospitalar no Rio de Janeiro. A hipótese do estudo foi que existe associação entre trabalhadores expostos à alta exigência no trabalho e as variações de cortisol salivar. Trata-se de estudo epidemiológico observacional analítico seccional, realizado em hospital estadual localizado no Rio de Janeiro com amostra de 103 trabalhadores. Para avaliação dos aspectos psicossociais do trabalho, utilizou-se o questionário Job Content Questionnaire. O cortisol salivar foi medido através da coleta de 04 amostras de cada participante em um dia do plantão: ao acordar, 30 minutos depois, às 12h e 18 h. A coleta de dados foi realizada entre março e abril de 2012. Utilizou-se o programa SPSS 18.0 para análise dos dados. As dimensões demanda psicológica e controle e a subtração foram utilizadas sob a forma contínua nas análises de correlação com as covariáveis e desfecho. Os níveis de cortisol foram quantificados por meio de cinco índices: o cálculo da área sob a curva em relação ao zero ou base (AUCg), área sob a curva em relação ao aumento (AUCi), o aumento médio (MnInc), a excreção do cortisol no período pós acordar (AUCtrab) e a área sob a curva em relação ao zero ou base do ciclo diurno (AUCCD). Para avaliar a associação entre as covariáveis e exposição e desfecho utilizou-se os testes de Mann Whitney e Kruskall-Wallis. As covariáveis associadas à exposição ou ao desfecho com nível de significância de 20% (p≤0,20) foram testadas no modelo de regressão linear. Realizada análise de correlação utilizando-se o coeficiente de correlação de Spearmans. Como resultado encontrou-se que os trabalhadores de Enfermagem obtiveram médias para demanda psicológica e controle que tendem para o limite superior, bem como para a subtração, caracterizando alta demanda e alto controle, ou seja, trabalho ativo. O valor médio de cortisol observado ao acordar, 30 minutos após, 12h e 18h foi de 5,82 nmol/L) (4,86), 16,60 nmol/L ( 8,31), 7,49 nmol/L ( 6,97) e 3,93 nmol/L ( 3,15), respectivamente. O aumento do cortisol entre o acordar e 30 minutos após foi em média de 64%. Já para os índices de cortisol adotados observa-se o valor médio da MnInc, AUCg, AUCi, AUCtrab e AUCCD foi de 10,78 nmol/L (6,99), 5,61 nmol/L ( 2,92) 2,69 nmol/L ( 1,75), 32,51 nmol/L ( 21,99) e 107,99 nmol/L ( 61,63), respectivamente. Este estudo demonstrou que os níveis de cortisol salivar livre não estão associados à alta exigência no trabalho, mesmo quando ajustadas pelas possíveis variáveis de confusão ou modificadoras de efeito. A hipótese do estudo não foi confirmada. Os dados obtidos neste estudo revelaram aspectos importantes dos riscos psicossociais a que estão expostos os trabalhadores de Enfermagem durante o processo de trabalho, oferecendo subsídios para que sejam implementados programas de orientação e promoção à saúde do trabalhador e fornecem um contributo para entender os caminhos biológicos pelos quais o estresse no trabalho influencia a saúde.