Tratamento de argila montmorilonítica para a produção de nanocompósitos poliméricos com retardo de propagação de chama

Compared to conventional composites, polymer matrix nanocomposites typically exhibit enhanced properties at a significantly lower filler volume fraction. Studies published in the literature indicate t hat the addition of nanosilicate s can increase the resistance to flame propagation in polymers. In this work, a treatment of montmorillonite (MMT) nano clay and the effect of its ad dition o n flame propagation characteristics of vinyl ester were studied. The resea rch was conducted in two stages. The first stage focused on the purification and activation of the MMT clay collected from a natural deposit to improve compatibility with the polymer matrix . Clay modification with sodium acetate was also studied to improve particle dispersion in the polymer. The second step was focused on the effect of the addition of the treated clay on nanocomposites ’ properties. Nanocomposites with clay con tents of 1, 2, 4 wt. % were processed. T he techniques for the characterization of the clay included X - ray fluorescence (XRF), X - r ay d iffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric a nalysis (TGA), d ifferential scanning c alorimetry (DSC) , s urface area (BET) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). For t he characterization of the nanocomposites , the techniques used were thermogravimetric a nalysis (TGA) , differential scanning c alorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) , scanning electron mi croscopy (SEM), transmission electron m icroscopy (TEM), and the determination of tensile strength, modulus of elasticity and resistance to flame propagation. According to the results, the purification and activation treatment with freeze - drying used in thi s work for the montmorillonite clay was efficient to promote compatibility and dispersion in the polymer matrix as evidenced by the characterization of the nanocomposite s . It was also observed that the clay modifica tion using sodium acetate did not produce any significant effect to improve compatibilization of the clay with the polymer. The addition of the treated MMT resulted in a reduction of up to 53% in the polymer flame propagation speed and did not affect the mechanical tensile strength and modulus o f elas ticity of the polymer, indicating compatibility between the clay and polymer. The effectiveness in reducing flame propagation speed peaked for nanocomposites with 2 wt. % clay, indicating that this is the optimum clay concentration for this property. T he clay treatment used in this work enables the production of vinylester matrix nanocomposites with flame - retardancy properties .

Bivalves marinhos do miocénio superior (Tortoniano superior) de Cacela (Algarve, Portugal)

Dissertação de mestrado em Estudos Marinhos e Costeiros, Unidade de Ciências e Tecnologias dos Recursos Aquáticos, Univ. do Algarve, 2000

Tafonomia e paleoicnologia do neogénico superior do sector Cacela-Huelva (SE da Ibéria)

Tese de doutoramento em Paleontologia. Faculdade de Ciências do Mar e do Ambiente, Univ. do Algarve, 2005

Contributo para o conhecimento paleontológico do Devónico do Anticlinal de Valongo (Portugal)

O estudo de uma jazida fossilifera descoberta recentemente no Devónico do Anticlinal de Valongo(Portugal) forneceu novos elementos paleofaunisticos, biostratigrilficos e paleoambientais sobre este contexto estratigráfico. Efetuou-se uma extensa amostragem paleontológica, acompanhada por estudos de estratigrafia em que se focaram aspetos detaxonomia,tafonomia,biostratigrafia e paleoecologia de invertebrados marinhos. Durante o trabalho de campo foram descobertos vários grupos taxonómicos de invertebrados tipicos deste Sistema, entre os quais se contam corais rugosos e tabulados, briozodrios, braquiópodes, bivalves, tentaculites, crinóides, trilobites e vários fósseis problemáticos. As litofacies, a presença de ripple marks com concentrações de tentaculites reorientadas e as carateristicas paleoecológicas da associação fóssil amostrada permitem inferir a presença de um ambiente litoral, de pouca profundidade, com sedimentação siliciclástica fina e correntes de deriva de intensidade moderada. A ocorr6ncia do bizarro género Tiaracrinus, um crinóide, sugere idade compreendida entre o Lochkoviano (Devónico Inferior) e o Eifeliano (Devónico Médio). Este género é reconhecido pela primeira vez no Maciço Ibérico.