Resources of Montana. "The land of opportunity." Ed. of 1920.

Issued and circulated by authority of the state of Montana.

ARB: Phase II window of opportunity study of short-term preoperative treatment with enzalutamide in ER-positive and triple-negative breast cancer

The androgen receptor (AR) is expressed in 60-80% of breast cancers (BC) across all molecular phenotypes, with a higher incidence in oestrogen receptor positive (ER+) BC compared to ER negative tumours. In ER+ disease, AR-expression has been linked to endocrine resistance which might be reversed with combined treatment targeting ER and AR. In triple negative BCs (TNBC), preclinical and clinical investigations have described a subset of patients that express the AR and are sensitive to androgen blockade, providing a novel therapeutic target. Enzalutamide, a potent 2nd generation anti-androgen, has demonstrated substantial preclinical and clinical anti-tumour activity in AR+ breast cancer. Short-term preoperative window of opportunity studies are a validated strategy for novel treatments to provide proof-of-concept and define the most appropriate patient population by directly assessing treatment effects in tumour tissue before and after treatment. The ARB study aims to assess the anti-tumour effects of enzalutamide in early ER+ breast cancer and TNBC, to identify the optimal target population for further studies and to directly explore the biologic effects of enzalutamide on BC and stromal cells. Methods: ARB is an international, investigator sponsored WOO phase II study in women with newly diagnosed primary ER+ BC or AR+ TNBC of ≥ 1cm. The study has two cohorts. In the ER+ cohort, postmenopausal patients will be randomised 2:1 to receive either enzalutamide (160mg OD) plus exemestane (50mg OD) or exemestane (25mg OD). In the TNBC cohort, AR+ will receive single agent treatment with enzalutamide (160mg OD). Study treatment is planned for 15–29 days, followed by surgery or neo-adjuvant therapy. Tissue and blood samples are collected before treatment and on the last day of study treatment. The primary endpoint is inhibition of tumour-cell proliferation, as measured by change in Ki67 expression, determined centrally by 2 investigators. Secondary endpoints include induction of apoptosis (Caspase3), circulating hormone levels and safety. ARB aims to recruit ≈235 patients from ≈40 sites in the UK, Germany, Spain and USA. The study is open to recruitment.

Inequality of income and poverty persistence in the Municipality of Bologna: a cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis through administrative data

This work is part of a project promoted by Emilia-Romagna that aims at encouraging research activities in order to support the innovation strategies of the regional economic system through the exploitation of new data sources. To gain this scope, a database containing administrative data is provided by the Municipality of Bologna. This is achieved by linking data from the Register Office of the Municipality and fiscal data coming from the tax returns submitted to the Revenue Agency and released by the Ministry of Economy and Finance for the period 2002-2017. The main purpose of the project is the analysis of the medium term financial and distributional trends of income of the citizens residing in the Municipality of Bologna. Exploiting this innovative source of data allow us to analyse the dynamics of income at municipal level, overcoming the lack of information in official survey-based statistic. We investigate these trends by building inequality indicators and by examining the persistence of in-work poverty. Our results represent an important informative element to improve the effectiveness and equity of welfare policies at the local level, and to guide the distribution of economic and social support and urban redevelopment interventions in different areas of the Municipality.

Empirical welfare analysis: when preferences matter

Fleurbaey and Maniquet have proposed the criteria of conditional equality and of egalitarian equivalence to assess the equity among individuals in an ordinal setting. Empirical applications are rare and only partially consistent with their framework. We propose a new empirical approach that relies on individual preferences, is consistent with the ordinal criteria and enables to compare them with the cardinal criteria. We estimate a utility function that incorporates individual heterogeneous preferences, obtain ordinal measures of well-being and apply conditional equality and egalitarian equivalence. We then propose two cardinal measures of well-being, that are comparable with the ordinal model, to compute Roemer’s and Van de gaer’s criteria. Finally we compare the characteristics of the worst-off displayed by each criterion. We apply this model to a sample of US micro data and obtain that about 18% of the worst-off are not common to all criteria.

Ancrage de l'idéologie de l'Union des producteurs agricoles et de l'utopie de l'Union paysanne dans des significations imaginaires sociales.

Le but de cette thèse est de découvrir l'idéologie de l'Union des producteurs agricoles et l'utopie de l'Union paysanne et de les interpréter à la lumière de "significations imaginaires sociales" déterminantes de notre période historique. Dans la première partie de notre thèse, nous présentons l'évolution de l'imaginaire social du syndicalisme agricole québécois de 1924 à 2005. Nous distinguons quatre périodes et notre étude s'attarde à la dernière, c'est-à-dire celle qui débute en 2001 avec la naissance de l'Union paysanne. Afin d'étudier cette période nous présentons d'abord l'imaginaire social de la société, c'est-à-dire une configuration de significations imaginaires sociales (SIS) - des "idées-valeurs" générales et "englobantes" - qui fait qu'une société est ce qu'elle est et qu'elle ne pourrait être autrement compte tenu de son noyau de SIS. Ensuite, nous constatons que les travaux d'auteurs importants nous permettent de parler de niveaux et types d'imaginaires sociaux et d'établir des relations entre ces niveaux et formes d'imaginaires sociaux. C'est par l'entremise de la problématique générale agriculture-ruralité que nous démontrons, dans la deuxième partie de cette thèse, que des imaginaires sociaux "intermédiaires" - l'idéologie de l'UPA et l'utopie de la "minorité active", l'UP - permettent, en les ancrant dans quelqu'un et dans quelque chose, d'une part de découvrir les SIS de l'imaginaire social de la société et, d'autre part, de comprendre et d'interpréter ces deux imaginaires sociaux à la lumière des SIS. La problématique agriculture-ruralité est "opérationnalisée" à l'aide des trois dimensions suivantes: rapport à soi, rapport à l'autre et rapport à la nature. Le rapport à soi dévoile que la sphère du travail de l'agriculteur-éleveur dans l'idéologie de l'UPA correspond à la "sphère de la nécessité" qui implique notamment l'hétéronomie des agriculteurs, alors que l'utopie de l'UP la souhaite à la fois comme "sphère de la nécessité" et comme sphère de l'autonomie. Le rapport à l'autre permet de découvrir une utopie préconisant l'égalité des chances entre différents types d'agriculteurs et d'agricultures et entre la relève et les agriculteurs établis ainsi que l'égalité politique en territoire rural agricole. Dans l'idéologie de l'UPA, l'inégalité des chances et l'inégalité politique sont discutables mais inéluctables. Enfin, abstraction faite des nuances, la relation agriculture et nature est à l'utopie de l'UP ce que la relation agriculture ou nature est à l'idéologie de l'UPA. La construction partielle de l'idéologie et de l'utopie, nous permet, dans la troisième et dernière partie de cette thèse, d'y découvrir les SIS et de démontrer que l'utopie trouve son sens et sa cohérence en l'interprétant par l'entremise du naturalisme-écologie, de l'"autonomie" et de l'"autolimitation" comme SIS dominantes et de l'"expansion illimitée de la maîtrise rationnelle" (technique) et du capitalisme (économique) comme SIS "secondaires". Nous découvrons l'inverse dans l'idéologie de l'UPA. Les SIS dominantes et les SIS "secondaires" de l'utopie de l'UP sont respectivement les SIS secondaires et les SIS dominantes sous-jacentes à l'idéologie de l'UPA, ce qui correspond à la configuration des SIS dominantes de l'imaginaire social des sociétés constitutives de l'Occident contemporain.

Exigências familiares e do trabalho: um equilíbrio necessário para a saúde de trabalhadores e organizações

This article aims, through a theoretical essay, to promote a reflection about the new roles played by people in families, at work and at the society in general. Based on papers and scientific bibliography, it broaches the changes at the contemporary society, linked to changes on world of work and family relationships, focused on the unbalance at family-work relation. Some current organizational initiatives were cited as plans of prevention and improvement of worker health, which affect their relations. It was considered the need of reconstruction of gender stereotypes and reducing the inequality of opportunity between people as focal points for changing a current scenario, which prevails in the lack of balance between requirements that can generate negative consequences both for health the individual and their families and for the organization.

Instrumentos e políticas públicas de cultura : o caso dos editais do fundo de apoio à cultura do Distrito Federal no período de 2011 a 2014

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Centro de Estudos Avançados Multidisciplinares, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento Sociedade e Cooperação Internacional, 2016.

A typology of community opportunity and vulnerability in metropolitan Australia

A multivariate model using hierarchical clustering and discriminant analysis is used to identify clusters of community opportunity and community vulnerability across Australia's mega metropolitan regions, Variables used in the model measure aspects of structural economic change, occupational change, human capital, income, unemployment, family/household disadvantage, and housing stress. A nine-cluster solution is used to categorise communities across metropolitan space. Significant between-city variations in the incidence of these clusters of opportunity and vulnerability are apparent, suggesting the emergence of marked differentiation between Australia's mega metropolitan regions in their adjustments to changing economic and social conditions. JEL classification: C49, R11, R12.

Market analysis of a new business opportunity in mobile-casual gaming: Partnership between Nmusic and Rovio Entertainment Ltd

A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Management from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics

Territorial autonomy and self-determination conflicts: opportunity and willingness cases from Bolivia, Niger, and Thailand

The paradox of autonomy is about whether self-rule accommodates or exacerbates armed conflict. This study attempts to unpack the puzzle examining the effectiveness of territorial autonomy as a state response to self-determination conflicts throughout the world. It challenges the conflict-inducing features of autonomy arguing that territorial autonomy can mitigate armed conflict by channeling group grievances into peaceful forms of protest. Thus, this study aims at arriving at a comprehensive theory that identifies which factors are responsible for violent escalation of conflicts grounded in self-determination demands. By using the concepts of opportunity structures and willingness dimension, this study shows that conflict escalation only takes place when minorities with greater bargaining power vis-à-vis the center, in contexts of high levels of economic inequality within dyad, are mobilized around autonomy and separatist demands.

Equality Implications of Policies (PDF 192KB)

The Department of Health, Social Services and Public Safety (DHSSPS), in response to the statutory equality obligations placed on it by the Northern Ireland Act 1998, produced a draft Equality Scheme, and following an 8 week consultation in April and May, formally submitted a revised Equality Scheme to the Equality Commission on 30 June 2000. In submitting the Scheme to the Commission, the Department undertook to consult again on the screening of its policies for equality of opportunity implications and its proposals for a programme of equality impact assessments. åÊ

Calidad de vida y percepción de la desigualdad de la mujer en la ciudad de Girona = Quality of life and inequality perception’s of women in the city of Girona

La igualdad de oportunidades para las mujeres, como factor clave para avanzar en la consecución de calidad de vida preocupa hoy en día a la sociedad en general y alas instituciones en particular. Antes de la elaboración de programas de intervención social es necesario conocer las percepciones de las propias mujeres acerca de sus problemas y de sus necesidades. Siguiendo esta línea de pensamiento presentamos un trabajo empírico en el que analizamos las percepciones de las mujeres de la ciudad de Girona, centrándonos en dos aspectos de manera particular: la percepción de calidad de vida proporcionada por su ciudad y la percepción de desigualdad de oportunidades y/o de discriminación. Los principales resultados, obtenidos a partir de las respuestas a un cuestionario auto-administrado, y proporcionados por una muestra de mujeres seleccionadas aleatoriamente a partir de un muestreo estratificado geográficamente, indican que en general están satisfechas con su ciudad aunque detectamos las principales causas de insatisfacción. Por otra parte, tas principales fuentes de desigualdad se refieren al mundo laboral (menos salario por el mismo trabajo, dificultades de encontrar trabajo si tienen hijos o si son ya mayores), y en la actitud general de la sociedad en el sentido de tener que cumplir el papel que tradicionalmente se les ha asignado

The causal factors of international inequality in CO2 emissions per capita: a regression-based inequality decomposition analysis

This paper uses the possibilities provided by the regression-based inequality decomposition (Fields, 2003) to explore the contribution of different explanatory factors to international inequality in CO2 emissions per capita. In contrast to previous emissions inequality decompositions, which were based on identity relationships (Duro and Padilla, 2006), this methodology does not impose any a priori specific relationship. Thus, it allows an assessment of the contribution to inequality of different relevant variables. In short, the paper appraises the relative contributions of affluence, sectoral composition, demographic factors and climate. The analysis is applied to selected years of the period 1993–2007. The results show the important (though decreasing) share of the contribution of demographic factors, as well as a significant contribution of affluence and sectoral composition.

Towards conceptually comprehensive and integrated theory of entrepreneurial opportunity

Insufficient understanding of entrepreneurial opportunities characterizes entrepreneurship research (Companys & McMullen 2006, 302). Subsequently, the purpose of this study was to analyze the concept of entrepreneurial opportunity and to explore and synthetize the integrated theory of entrepreneurial opportunity. A theoretical and concept analytical approach was adapted. Findings of this study was that entrepreneurial opportunity concept was used for variety of different phenomena. No commonly accepted definition existed. Altogether 24 attributes that described the concept were found. The most frequently attached attributes were agent and action, new goods and services, market, value, new means ends or both, and future. Further, the results implied that opportunity could be best understood as a part of a process. Opportunity emerges out of intervened factors. Changes in the environment together with factors related to knowledge, cognition and social ties are the most important drivers of opportunity. Preventing factors that impeded the emergence of opportunity were typically related to cognitive and organizational factors. This study found a tendency towards more integrated theory of entrepreneurial opportunity. The integrated theory acknowledged the usefulness of both discovery and creation theories of opportunity in explaining opportunity. Yet three argument types of integrating two different opportunity theories were identified. These were process category, contextual category and complementing category. Opportunity is at the same time cognitive, social and linguistic construct, although it is shaped by the objective environment. Opportunity requires linguistic endeavors to become explicit. Materialization of opportunity occurs in a social context. Moreover, it is always characterized by some extent of subjectivity, as opportunities cannot appear without the agent and their action. Due to these the concept remains always to some extent ambiguous. Tolerating and harnessing change and investing in human and social capital create the preeminent environment for the entrepreneurial opportunity to be identified.