Some nematodes of fishes from central China, with the redescription of Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus)fulvidraconis (Camallanidae)

The present paper comprises a systematic survey of nematodes based on helminthological examinations of 176 specimens of freshwater fishes, belonging to 22 species, from central China (mostly lakes in Hubei Province) collected during the autumn of 2001. The following six species were recorded: Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) fulvidraconis Li, 1935, Camallanus cotti Fujita, 1927, Dentiphilometra monopteri Moravec et Wang, 2002, Pingus sinensis Hsu, 1933, Proleptinae gen. sp. larv., and Eustrongylides sp. larv. Data on their morphology, morphological variability, host range, prevalence, intensity and distribution are provided. SEM studies of P. fulvidraconis and larval Physalopterinae, used for the first time in these species, revealed some additional morphological details and made it possible to redescribe the former. In contrast to the existing description of P. fulvidraconis, this species was found to possess two spicules and a V-shaped gubernaculum with unequal arms (originally mistaken for the left spicule), as well as deirids, whose location can be considered an important taxonomic feature. Larvae of the Physalopterinae have not previously been reported from fishes in China. The finding of larval Eustrongylides in Paramisgurnus dabryanus represents a new host record. All but one nematode species from this zoogeographically interesting region are briefly described and illustrated.

HLA-DRB1 allele polymorphisms in genetic susceptibility to esophageal carcinoma

AIM: To probe into the genetic susceptibility of HLA-DRB1 alleles to esophageal carcinoma in Han Chinese in Hubei Province. METHODS: HLA-DRB1 allele polymorphisms were typed by polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP) in 42 unrelated patients with esophageal cancer and 136 unrelated normal control subjects and the associated HLA-DRB1 allele was measured by nucleotide sequence analysis with PCR.SAS software was used in statistics. RESULTS: Allele frequency (AF) of HLA-DRB1*0901 was significantly higher in esophageal carcinoma patients than that in the normal controls (0.2500 vs0.1397, P=0.028, the odds ratio 2.053, etiologic fraction 0.1282). After analyzed the allele nucleotide sequence of HLA-DRB1*0901 which approachs to the corresponded exon 2 sequence of the allele in genebank. There was no association between patients and controls in the rested HLA-DRB1 alleles. CONCLUSION: HLA-DRB1*0901 allele is more common in the patients with esophageal carcinoma than in the healthy controls, which is positively associated with the patients of Hubei Han Chinese. Individuals carrying HLA-DRB1*0901 may be susceptible to esophageal carcinoma.

Ecballocystopsis dichotomus sp. nov. (Chlorococcales, Chlorophyceae) from China

Ecballocystopsis dichotomus sp. nov. is the third described species of Ecballocystopsis that grows on rock under water and epiphytically on the filaments of Cladophora and Mougeotia (green algae) collected in a small irrigation ditch in Chong-yang county, Hubei Province (East longitude 29 degrees 30', North latitude 114 degrees 10') and in Zhu-xi county, Hubei Province (East longitude 32 degrees 20', North latitude 109 degrees 45'). The new species differs from E. indica IYENGAR (1933) in having dichotomous branching and its smaller sized thallus; it differs from the second species, E. desikacharyi PRASAD (1985), in having looped filaments, dichotomous branching and smaller cells. Three patterns of cell divisions were observed in E. dichotomus sp. nov. (transverse, longitudinal and oblique). It may be that the new species is evolutionary a more advanced species based upon the structure of its thallus and the manner of spore formation. The systematic position of the genus, based on the comparative studies of the genus Ecballocystis BOHLIN with Cylindrocapsopsis IYENGAR, is discussed.

水库滑坡复活机理及其发展趋势预测研究

Various numbers of ancient landslides of various scales are frequently distributed on both banks of reservoirs, especially large reservoirs, both in China and abroad. During inundation and operation of theses reservoirs, some of the landslides are reactivated, which caused losses of people's lives and properties to various extents, some even disasters. Systematic studies are, however, very few on the reservoir-induced reactivation mechanism and development tendency prediction. Based on investigation of reservoir-induced reactivation phenomena of ancient landslides and relevant existing research problems, a systematic study is carried out on the field identification, induced reactivation mechanism, development tendency prediction, risk decision-making and treatment of reservoir-related ancient landslides, through analysis of large numbers of engineering geological investigation results, scientific experimental and research results, in combination with prevention and treatment practices of reservoir-related landslides both in China and abroad, and a series of research results have been obtained. 1. On the basis of study of the distribution features, genesis mechanism of ancient landslides on river banks, a set of scientific methods are summarized on field identification of ancient landslides, and a significant method named "lithologic sequence method" or "indicator layer method", is proposed, which is proved to be very useful. 2. A detail study is made on the reservoir-induced hydraulic effects and material mechanic effects (or softening effects) on the ancient landslide through model and case studies, which concludes that the magnitude and properties of reservoir-induced hydraulic effects are related to the shapes of sliding planes, water content and permeability of landslide materials and variation rate and magnitude of reservoir levels; the magnitude of material mechanic effects are related to the material composition (including mineral composition and grain size), natural water content and saturation state of sliding zones. Also a sensitive analysis is made on the factors that are related to the stabilities of the landslides, which indicate that the stability of a landslide is more sensitive to the groundwater head h_w in the slides and the inner friction angleψof sliding zones than others. 3. The joint inducing mechanism of rainfall and reservoir is also discussed in the paper through model analysis and case study, which proves that reservoir inundation increases firstly the sensitivity of a landslides to rainfall through reduction of its stability or cracking deformation which will increase the rainfall infiltration to the slide body, and then rainfall triggers reactivation or intensifies the reservoir-induced deformation of a landslide. 4. Based on rheologic test results of sliding zones of several reservoir-related ancient landslides, the rheologic characteristics of sliding zones have been discussed in detail and several typical rheologic models have been set up, which well explains the dynamic process of slide deformation. The response types to reservoir inundation and development tendency of reservoir -related ancient landslide are discussed in the paper based on field investigation results. And prediction methods for reservoir-related landslides have been studied based on the Mate-Synthetic principle of quantitative and qualitative analysis, as well as combination of computation and internal mechanism analysis, and a rheologic analytical method is proposed which is proved very useful for prediction of the landslide development tendency. 6. In disaster-prevention and treatment of reservoir-related landslides, risk decision-making has been proved very significant both in engineering and economics. Based on the practices in disaster-prevention and treatment of reservoir-related landslides both in China and abroad, the disaster-prevention risk decision-making for reservoir-related landslides has been proposed in terms of philosophy, methods and procedures, and well put into practice. A summary is also made through case study of the experiences of treatment of reservoir-related landslides both in China and abroad in terms of principle, methods and technical lines. 7 A detail study is made as a case study of the reactivated Maoping ancient landslide on the left bank of the Geheyan Reservoir on Qingjiang river in Hubei province, China, including its field identification features, reservoir-induced reactivation characteristics and mechanism, development tendency prediction and proposed counter measures based on risk analysis.

湖北徐家山锑矿床地球化学和成矿机理研究

　　湖北省通山县的徐家山锑矿床赋存于上震旦统灯影组和陡山沱组的海相碳酸盐岩中，该矿床是华南锑矿带内典型代表性锑矿之一，也是湖北最具经济价值的锑矿床。本论文以该矿床为研究对象，在系统整理前人工作的基础上，进行了深入细致的野外地质考察和系统采样，选取有代表性的样品，运用流体地球化学、元素地球化学、同位素地球化学（C、O、Sr、S、Pb、Sm-Nd）等方法手段，对其成矿流体来源、成矿物质来源、成矿时代、矿床成因等主要矿床学问题进行了系统研究，探讨了该矿床的成矿机理，并对华南锑矿带内上震旦统锑资源潜力进行了初步评价。本论文主要取得以下几点认识： 1）通过对该矿床成矿期脉石矿物（石英、重晶石和方解石）中包裹体镜下观察、显微测温和激光拉曼探针分析，表明该矿床为典型的中低温（150～200℃）热液锑矿床，其热液属NaCl + H2O + CO2 ± N2型，具低盐度（3～6% NaCl）和中等密度（0.90～0.96 g/cm3）特征。结合氢、氧、锶、铅同位素等研究结果，进一步推断这种成矿流体主要来源于经深部循环演化的大气降水，不支持其主要来源于岩浆期后热液的观点。 2）该矿床成矿前和成矿期方解石碳、氧同位素研究结果，表明成矿流体中的溶解碳以H2CO3为主，该流体与围岩发生水－岩相互作用是导致成矿期方解石和辉锑矿沉淀的主要机制。结合方解石的稀土元素地球化学研究，可推断该矿床的两期方解石为同源不同期的产物。 3）微量元素、碳、氧、硫同位素研究结果，表明徐家山矿床的成矿物质与赋矿围岩具有亲缘性；其中最主要的矿石矿物—辉锑矿，其硫同位素组成（+11.2‰～+14.4‰）相对较高（平均值可能在华南锑矿带内最高）、极其均一，且塔式效应明显等为特征，指示该矿的赋矿围岩—震旦纪海相地层是硫的唯一来源。 4）对徐家山锑矿床首次利用锶、铅同位素示踪其成矿物质来源。利用铅同位素示踪手段，首次明确提出该锑矿床存在两个矿源层，部分成矿物质来自赋矿围岩，部分成矿物质来自下伏基底地层，突破了前人对成矿物质仅来源于赋矿围岩的传统认识；并从锶同位素角度，进一步论证了下伏的中元古界冷家溪群基底是成矿元素锑的重要提供者。 5）首次对徐家山矿区成矿期方解石的Sm-Nd同位素组成进行了测定，并初步获得三条等时线年龄（323Ma、348Ma和402Ma）。结合该矿辉锑矿的正常铅模式年龄及成矿地质背景，可推断出该矿床应形成于加里东期。该结论否定了前人燕山期成矿的观点，为重新认识该矿的矿床成因和成矿机理提供新的契机。 6）徐家山锑矿床的成矿时代与那些江南古陆中赋存于前寒武系的锑（和/或金）矿床一致，其成矿流体特征与华南锑矿带其它典型锑矿床相似，揭示出华南锑矿带内不同地段、不同层位产出的锑矿床存在某种共性，这有助于揭示我国华南锑矿带不同锑矿床之间的内在联系以及该矿带锑大规模成矿的机制。 7）根据前人和本文的研究成果，重新厘定了徐家山锑矿床的成因类型，明确提出该锑矿为沉积－改造型矿床，层控特征非常明显。 8）初步评估华南地区上震旦统中锑矿的找矿潜力。认为华南锑矿床带中上震旦统，尤其是鄂南、赣西北、湘西等地的该套地层，锑资源潜力巨大。华南锑矿带中的上震旦统有可能成为我国将来找锑矿取得突破的重要层位之一。

Tomb of Prince Zhuang of Liang, excavated artifact, Jue Cup

Hubei. Zhongxiang; 3 15/16 in.x 4 1/64 in.; gold

Tomb of Prince Zhuang of Liang, excavated artifact, Jue Cup

Hubei. Zhongxiang; 4 21/64 in.x 4 3/32 in.; gilt silver

Tomb of Prince Zhuang of Liang, excavated artifact, Gui plaque with grain pattern

Hubei. Zhongxiang; 6 7/32 in.x 1 57/64 in.; nephrite

Bowl with dragons over the sea

4 17/32 in.x 5 29/32 in.; gilt bronze

Censer with dragon and cloud motifs

H: 9 21/64 in.; bronze

Statue of Zhenwu on Xuanwu

H: 2 ft. 5 23/32 in.; gilt bronze

Standing statue of Jade Maiden (Yunu)

2 ft. 4 47/64 in.; gilt bronze and polychrome

Statue of the Primordial Goddess, Mother of the Dipper

H: 2 ft. 11/64 in.; gilt bronze

Standing statue of the Celestial Worthy of the Great Unity, Savior from Suffering (Taiyi Jiuku tianzun)

H: 3 ft. 6 1/64 in.; gilt bronze