Analysis of the Strength of the Abdominal Fascia in Different Sutures Used in Abdominoplasties

Protrusion of the abdominal wall secondary to abdominoplasty may occur in patients with weakness of the aponeurotic structures. The anterior layer of the rectus abdominis muscle consists of fibers that are transverse rather than vertical. Based on this anatomical feature, vertical sutures are suggested for the correction of diastasis recti, since they include a greater amount of fascial fibers and thus would be more resistant to tensile strength than horizontal ones. The anterior layers of the rectus abdominis muscles of 15 fresh cadavers were dissected. Two vertical lines were marked on each side of the linea alba, corresponding to the site where plication is usually performed in abdominoplasties. Three abdominal levels were evaluated: the supraumbilical, umbilical, and infraumbilical levels. A simple suture was placed in the vertical direction in one group and in the horizontal direction in the other group, at each of the three levels previously described. These sutures were connected to a dynamometer, which was pulled medially toward the linea alba until rupture of the aponeurosis occurred. The mean strength required to rupture the aponeurotic structures in which the vertical sutures had been placed was greater than for the horizontal ones (p < 0.0001). The vertical suture of the rectus abdominis sheaths was stronger than the horizontal suture because of the more transversal arrangement of its aponeurotic fibers. Thus, routine use of the vertical suture in plications of the aponeurosis of the rectus abdominis muscles is suggested.

Hypomania: a transcultural perspective

This study examined the transcultural robustness of a screening instrument for hypomania, the Hypomania Checklist-32. first revised version(HCL-32 R1) It was carried out in 2606 patients from twelve countries in five geographic regions (Northern, Southern and Eastern Europe, South America and East Asia) In addition, GAMIAN Europe contributed data from its members Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to examine the transregional stability of the measurement properties of the HCL-32 R 1, including the influence of sex and age as covariates A cross cultures, a two-factor structure was confirmed the first factor (F 1) reflected the more positive aspects of hypomania (being more active, elated, self-confident, and cognitively, enhanced), the second factor (F2) reflected the more negative aspects (being irritable, impulsive, careless. more substance use). The measurement properties of the HCL-32 R1 were largely invariant across cultures Only few items showed transcultural differences in their relation to hypomania as measured by the test F2 was higher among men and in more severe manic syndromes, F1 was highest in North and East Europe and lowest in South America Vie scores decreased slightly with age The frequency of the 32 items showed remarkable similarities across geographic areas, with two exceptions. South Europeans had lower symptom frequencies in general and East Europeans higher rates of substance use These findings support the international applicability of the HCL-32 R1 as a screening instrument for hypomania

Quantitative myocardial contrast echocardiography during pharmacological stress for diagnosis of coronary artery disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy studies

Aims We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the accuracy of quantitative stress myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) in coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods and results Database search was performed through January 2008. We included studies evaluating accuracy of quantitative stress MCE for detection of CAD compared with coronary angiography or single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and measuring reserve parameters of A, beta, and A beta. Data from studies were verified and supplemented by the authors of each study. Using random effects meta-analysis, we estimated weighted mean difference (WMD), likelihood ratios (LRs), diagnostic odds ratios (DORs), and summary area under curve (AUC), all with 95% confidence interval (0). Of 1443 studies, 13 including 627 patients (age range, 38-75 years) and comparing MCE with angiography (n = 10), SPECT (n = 1), or both (n = 2) were eligible. WMD (95% CI) were significantly less in CAD group than no-CAD group: 0.12 (0.06-0.18) (P < 0.001), 1.38 (1.28-1.52) (P < 0.001), and 1.47 (1.18-1.76) (P < 0.001) for A, beta, and A beta reserves, respectively. Pooled LRs for positive test were 1.33 (1.13-1.57), 3.76 (2.43-5.80), and 3.64 (2.87-4.78) and LRs for negative test were 0.68 (0.55-0.83), 0.30 (0.24-0.38), and 0.27 (0.22-0.34) for A, beta, and A beta reserves, respectively. Pooled DORs were 2.09 (1.42-3.07), 15.11 (7.90-28.91), and 14.73 (9.61-22.57) and AUCs were 0.637 (0.594-0.677), 0.851 (0.828-0.872), and 0.859 (0.842-0.750) for A, beta, and A beta reserves, respectively. Conclusion Evidence supports the use of quantitative MCE as a non-invasive test for detection of CAD. Standardizing MCE quantification analysis and adherence to reporting standards for diagnostic tests could enhance the quality of evidence in this field.

A single amino acid substitution in one of the lipases of Aspergillus nidulans confers resistance to the antimycotic drug undecanoic acid

A plausible approach to evaluate the inhibitory action of antifungals is through the investigation of the fungal resistance to these drugs. We describe here the molecular cloning and initial characterization of the A. nidulans lipA gene, where mutation (lipA1) conferred resistance to undecanoic acid, the most fungitoxic fatty acid in the C(7:0)-C(18:0) series. The lipA gene codes for a putative lipase with the sequence consensus GVSIS and WIFGGG as the catalytic signature. Comparison of the wild-type and LIP1 mutant strain nucleotide sequences showed a G -> A change in lipA1 allele, which results in a Glu(214) -> Lys substitution in LipA protein. This ionic charge change in a conserved LipA region, next to its catalytic site, may have altered the catalytic properties of this enzyme resulting in resistance to undecanoic acid.

The number of long-lasting functional memory CD8(+) T cells generated depends on the nature of the initial nonspecific stimulation

The mechanism of generation of memory cytotoxic T cells (CTL) following immunization remains controversial. Using tumor protection and IFN-gamma ELISPOT assays in mice to detect functional CTL, we show that the initial effector CTL burst size after immunization is not directly related to the amount of functional memory CTL formed, suggesting that memory CTL are unlikely to arise stochastically from effector CTL. Induction of MHC class II-restricted T helper cells at the time of immunization by inclusion of a T helper peptide or protein in the immunogen, is necessary to generate memory CTL, although no T helper cell induction is required to generate effector CTL to a strong MHC class I-binding peptide. Host protective T cell memory correlates with the number of CTL epitope responsive IFN-gamma-secreting memory T cells as measured in an ELISPOT assay at the time of tumor challenge. We conclude that a different antigen presenting environment is required to induce long-lasting functional memory CTL, and non-cognate stimulation of the immune system is essential to allow generation of a long-lasting host protective memory CTL response.

Sistema de informações para acompanhamento, controle e auditoria em saúde pública

Este artigo apresenta alternativas para a gestão dos recursos destinados à saúde pública, por meio de um sistema de informações para os programas de diabetes e hipertensão e resulta do interesse em analisar a efetividade dos programas destinados aos portadores de doenças crônico-degenerativas. As questões analisadas foram focadas em fatores que traduzem a efetividade das ações desenvolvidas, isto é, a capacidade de gerar resultados a partir dos investimentos feitos. Isso ocorreu por meio de um modelo proposto para análise do resultado, mediante o estabelecimento de um indicador que consolidou três frentes de resultado, o número de óbitos, internações e atendimentos ambulatoriais. O índice estabelecido para análise da efetividade derivou em um indicador de custos. Como percurso metodológico foi aplicado o modelo teórico de planejamento e controle de produção (PCP) elaborado por Erdmann (1998), que considera sete etapas para a consolidação de informações fragmentadas em um sistema.

A STR mutation in a heteropaternal twin case

A heteropaternal male twin case with two men being alleged fathers was investigated as requested by the Court. Up to 37 PCR-based polymorphic DNA systems were studied in this case which was complicated by a paternal ACTBP2 mutation detected in one twin. This is the first report on a STR mutation in a double paternity case where both biological fathers were indisputably identified. The STR systems enable the resolution of these complex genetic relationships even in a case where a mutation in one STR locus was encountered.

Role of SPARC in Bone Remodeling and Cancer‐Related Bone Metastasis

There is a growing socioeconomic recognition that clinical bone diseases such as bone infections, bone tumors and osteoporotic bone loss mainly associated with ageing, are major issues in today0s society. SPARC (secreted protein, acidic and rich in cysteine), a matricellular glycoprotein, may be a promising therapeutic target for preventing or treating bone‐related diseases. In fact, SPARC is associated with tissue remodeling, repair, development, cell turnover, bone mineralization and may also participate in growth and progression of tumors, namely cancer‐related bone metastasis. Yet, the function of SPARC in such biological processes is poorly understood and controversial. The main objective of this work is to review the current knowledge related to the activity of SPARC in bone remodeling, tumorigenesis, and bone metastasis. Progress in understanding SPARC biology may provide novel strategies for bone regeneration and the development of anti‐angiogenic, anti‐proliferative, or counter‐adhesive treatments specifically against bone metastasis.

Dimensão intercultural na língua materna e na língua estrangeira

Relatório apresentado para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ensino do Português no 3º Ciclo do Ensino Básico e Ensino Secundário e de Alemão nos Ensinos Básico e Secundário

Model of a specialized bidirectional dictionary for German and Portuguese

Dissertação apresentada para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Terminologia e Gestão da Informação de Especialidade

Tissue expander complications in plastic surgery: a 10-year experience

INTRODUCTION: Tissue expanders have been of great value in plastic surgery. Tissue expansion was developed for a specific indication; however, within a very short time, the concept of tissue expansion found wide applicability. From 1990 to 1999, 315 expanders in 164 patients were utilized. A retrospective analysis of complications and prognostic factors for complications were done. METHODS: The indications for tissue expansion were burns (50%), trauma (32%), and sequelae of previous surgery (8.8%). The expanders were inserted most frequently in the scalp, trunk and neck. RESULTS: There were 22.2% of complications and the most common were expander exposure (50%), infection (24%) and bad function of the expander (12.8%). The present study revealed an increased rate of minor complications in the group of 0 to 10 years of age and an increased rate of major complications for face and neck expansions compared to trunk expansion. There were no increased complication rates for the other age and anatomic site groups, previous expansion, concomitant expansion and type of expander used. CONCLUSIONS: The outcomes from tissue expansion procedures done in our hospital are similar to those reported in the literature. Tissue expansion is a good and safe technique.

Substâncias ergásticas foliares de espécies amazônicas de Oenocarpus Mart. (Arecaceae): caracterização histoquímica e ultra-estrutural

O presente estudo teve por objetivo diagnosticar e caracterizar as substâncias ergásticas foliares de Oenocarpus bacaba Mart., O. distichus Mart., O. mapora H. Karst. e O. minor Mart. através de microscopias óptica e eletrônica de varredura, análises histoquímicas e microanálises físicas. Secções transversais e longitudinais, assim como maceração foram realizadas em material botânico fixado. As análises histoquímicas foram empregadas em material botânico in natura, seguindo-se protocolos específicos para mucilagem, amido e sílica. Microanálises físicas foram feitas com Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) detector. Nas espécies estudadas de Oenocarpus Mart., as substâncias ergásticas foliares correspondem a mucilagem amorfa; grãos de amido poliédricos do tipo simples e sílica opalina sob a forma de corpos elípticos e esféricos-globosos de superfície espiculada, ambos com elevado teor de dióxido de silício. As observações microscópicas, os testes histoquímicos e as microanálises físicas permitiram diagnosticar, caracterizar e elucidar a estrutura e ultra-estrutura das substâncias ergásticas ocorrentes nas folhas dos táxons analisados de Oenocarpus Mart.

Estruturas secretoras em cipó-d'alho (Mansoa standleyi (Steyerm.) A. H. Gentry, Bignoniaceae): ocorrência e morfologia

Espécies de Mansoa são denominadas de "cipó-d'alho", por exalarem odor de alho das partes vegetativas e reprodutivas. Contudo, dados sobre morfologia e distribuição das estruturas secretoras presentes em Mansoa são escassos e ausentes para M. standleyi. O presente trabalho objetivou caracterizar a ocorrência e morfologia das estruturas secretoras do eixo vegetativo aéreo de M. standleyi. Para tanto, amostras da lâmina foliolar e de regiões nodais foram fixadas e submetidas às técnicas histológicas e de microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Testes histoquímicos, com os respectivos controles foram aplicados nas estruturas secretoras em fase secretora. Indivíduos de formigas e moscas, que visitavam a espécie foram amostrados, preservados e identificados por entomólogo. As estruturas secretoras do eixo vegetativo aéreo de M. standleyi estão representadas por tricomas glandulares dos tipos pateliformes e peltados. Todos com desenvolvimento assincrônico e presentes nas regiões nodais e lâmina foliolar, principalmente nas partes mais jovens. Nas regiões nodais, os tricomas formam um complexo secretor e, na lâmina foliolar, estão dispersos. As análises histoquímicas revelaram que os tricomas pateliformes são de fato nectários extraflorais e que os tricomas peltados, apresentam uma fração de alcaloides. Os visitantes das glândulas nodais correspondem a formigas Crematogaster (Formicidae) e Ectatomma brunea (Vespoidea, Formicidae) e moscas Oxysarcodexia (Sarcophagidae, subfamília Utitidae (Ulidiidae). Mansoa standleyi possui as estruturas secretoras do eixo vegetativo aéreo semelhantes às citadas pela literatura para Bignoniaceae, sendo esta a primeira vez, que um nectário extrafloral é descrito para a espécie.

Rosetas e concrescências cristalinas silicificadas em Piper (Piperaceae): registros inéditos de macropadrões

Piper L. (Piperaceae) é monofilético, com espécies de difícil distinção taxonômica, sendo necessários ferramentas que auxiliem a identificação interespecífica. Os objetivos do trabalho foram descrever os macropadrões e caracterizar in situ a composição química dos cristais caulinares e foliares de Piper arboreum Aubl. var. arboreum, P. callosum Ruiz & Pav. e P. tuberculatum Jacq., visando avaliar o uso dos cristais para a separação interespecífica. Para tanto, amostras foram submetidas à análise em microscopias de luz e eletrônica de varredura, microanálises espectroscópicas de raios-X por dispersão de energia e testes histoquímicos. Foram observados cristais prismáticos cuneiformes, tabulares, cúbicos e bipiramidais; ráfides; estiloides; drusas de cristais em bloco; rosetas cristalinas de estiloides e concrescências cristalinas. Foram descritos 15 macropadrões cristalinos reunidos em três categorias. Os cristais foram classificados quimicamente como: puros de oxalato de cálcio e misturas entre oxalatos e sulfatos e entre oxalatos, sulfatos e sílica. Rosetas cristalinas, concrescências cristalinas silicificadas e 14 dos 15 macropadrões cristalinos descritos são registros inéditos para inclusões biominerais de Piper e Piperaceae. Os macropadrões cristalinos caulinares e foliares observados são constitutivos e úteis à separação interespecífica das espécies estudadas. Ademais, os cristais desempenham funções relevantes para a autoecologia dos taxa de Piper analisados.