96 resultados para Hermon


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Improving European education and training system quality has been set as a key target in Europe’s strategy to become a smart, sustainable and inclusive economy by 2020 (European Commission, 2010). These objectives are more specifically defined in the so called Modernisation Agenda (European Commission, 2011). More specifically it sets a goal to improve the quality and relevance of higher education. In this process external evaluation and
Proceedings of the 11th International CDIO Conference, Chengdu University of Information Technology,
Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China, June 8-11, 2015.
self-assessment are seen in a key role! In the CDIO approach the 12 CDIO standards provide a framework for continuous improvement. Each institution/institutional department are encouraged to regularly do the self-evaluation using the CDIO Standards. Eight European universities identified a need for further enhancement of the self-evaluations and creation of processes with peers to reduce the inertia of heavy accreditations/evaluations in HEIs. In September 2014 these universities started an Erasmus+ project (QAEMarketPlace4HEI) aiming at
1. Developing a collaborative, comprehensive and accessible evaluation process model, methods and tools for HEIs to complement the accreditation systems.
2. Promoting, increasing and exploiting further the European collaboration in the evaluation processes and the exchange of best practices.
3. Disseminating the model, best practices and widen the cooperation to new HEIs in Europe through the partner networks.

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Tämän tutkimuksen tavoitteena on selvittää iatrogeenisten eli hoidon aiheuttamien laryngeaalihermovaurioiden insidenssi kilpirauhaskirurgisilla potilailla Tyksissä vuonna 2011 sekä mahdolliset hermovauriolle altistavat tekijät. Tutkimushypoteesina on, että tutkimusaineistosta on mahdollisesti osoitettavissa laryngeaalihermovaurioille altistava, preoperatiivinen tekijä. Yhtäältä tutkimus toimii laryngeaalihermovaurioiden insidenssiä kartoittavana instrumenttina kilpirauhaskirurgisilla potilailla Tyksissä. Toisaalta tutkimuksessa mahdolliset esille tulevat laryngeaalihermovaurion riskitekijät saattavat vaikuttaa hoitokäytäntöihin ja näin ollen vähentää iatrogeenisia laryngeaalihermovaurioita tulevaisuudessa. Tutkimuksen aineistona on Tyksissä vuonna 2011 kirurgisesti leikatut kilpirauhaspotilaat eli sekä kilpirauhas- että lisäkilpirauhaspotilaat. Tutkimuksessa suoritettiin sähköisen potilastietojärjestelmän tietokantahaku käyttäen kilpirauhaskirurgisia toimenpidekoodeja, jonka tuloksena oli vuonna 2011 Tyksissä leikatut kilpirauhaspotilaat. Jokaiselta potilaalta kirjattiin sähköisestä potilastietojärjestelmästä systemaattisesti mahdollinen laryngeaalihermovaurion aiheuttama äänihuulihalvaus sekä tämän tutkimuksen kannalta oleelliset muuttujat. Tilastollinen analyysi suoritettiin JMP Pro 12 -ohjelmalla. Vuonna 2011 Tyksissä leikattiin 221 kilpirauhaskirurgista potilasta. Laryngeaalihermovaurioiden insidenssi oli 7,4 prosenttia, josta pysyviä oli 4,6 ja ohimeneviä 2,8 prosenttia. Aikaviive leikkauksesta hermovauriodiagnoosin oli pitkä, keskimäärin 102 päivää ja mediaani 51 päivää. Uusintaleikkaus oli merkittävin tilastollisesti merkitsevä hermovaurion riskitekijä. Aineistossa huomiota kiinnitti leikkausten aikainen alhainen recurrens-hermon visualisaatioprosentti – recurrens-hermoista visualisoitiin 71 prosenttia niissä leikkauksissa, joissa kirjallisuudessa visualisaation katsotaan olevan erittäin tärkeää. Kirurgeilla, joiden leikkausten seurauksena aiheutui huomattavasti enemmän hermovaurioita, oli potilasaineiston suhteen hermovauriolle alttiimman iäkkäämmän potilasmateriaalin sekä laajempien leikkausten painottuminen.

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The viticultural industry is becoming an increasingly significant part of the Australian agricultural sector, with gross earnings of over $4 billion in 2002. Expansion of the industry in the last decade has been rapid, however its heavy reliance on irrigation has resulted in further expansion in many wine growing regions being limited by the availability of water. This problem is not confined to the viticultural industry, with ever increasing pressures on water resources worldwide. As demands for water continue to rise, new strategies to meet demands must be adopted. One of the strategies being increasingly employed is the recycling of waste waters for a number of applications such as irrigation and industrial uses. The use of recycled water for vineyard irrigation provides a number of benefits. Among them are the reduced demands on potable supplies, reduced waste discharges to surface waters, and the opportunity for expansion of production. Recycled waters however, contain constituents which have the potential to cause deleterious effects to both production and the environment. Therefore, the use of recycled water for irrigation requires targetted monitoring and management to ensure the long-term sustainability of both the vineyard and the surrounding environment. Traditional monitoring techniques including water quality monitoring and soil testing can be complimented by new technologies and techniques which provide large quantities of information with relatively less labour and time. Such techniques can be used to monitor the vineyard environment to identify impacts arising from management practices, allowing vineyard managers to adjust management for sustainable production

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In areas of Australia where viticultural operations have been limited by lack of an acceptable irrigation water source, considerable expansion has occurred through the use of recycled wastewater. Despite this rapid expansion, little is known of the potential impacts of the water’s chemical constituents on soil properties, or the long-term sustainability of the vineyards using the water. In order to establish the impacts of drip irrigated recycled wastewater on a vineyard in Great Western, Australia, a study comparing the soils from the vineyard inter-row and row area was undertaken. Chemical and physical properties of the soil with varying distances from the drip emitter were also investigated. During the irrigation season, significant differences between the inter-row and row area were found for several chemical parameters including pH(1:5soil/water) (P<0.001), electrical conductivity (EC1:5) (P<0.001), water-soluble sodium (WS Na+) (P<0.001), and water-soluble chloride (WS Cl-) (P<0.001). This paper will discuss differences observed between soil properties of the inter-row and vine row area, as well as the spatial distribution of solutes under the drip emitter.

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Wastewater reuse is being widely promulgated to help address the global freshwater resource crisis. It can assist in reducing extraction of freshwater from the environment, and reuse of wastewater lessens the need for environmental discharge, which is clearly beneficial to receiving waters. But the practice itself also has the potential to be detrimental to natural and human environments: soil structure can become degraded, aquifers may be polluted, and human health may be threatened. The challenge facing natural resource managers is to identify the potential benefits and risks, and to achieve an appropriate balance. This paper describes environmental benefits and threats concomitant with the reuse of wastewater. We frequently draw upon examples from China and Australia-two countries that face particularly daunting water resource
challenges-but the principles can be.extended far beyond these geographical bounds and are applicable to
many parts of the world.

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It is well known that waste water treatment plant (WWTP) effluents are estrogenic. There has been much less consideration of the androgenic activity of WWTP effluents. To partly address the shortage of information on androgens in Australian WWTP effluents, in August 2006, and again in 2007, we collected discharges from up to 45 Victorian WWTPs (~25% of all WWTPs in Victoria), grouped by treatment process, i.e. activated sludge, extended aeration, and lagoon based treatment, and measured the total estrogenic, androgenic, retinoic acid, and aromatic hydrocarbon hydrogenase activity of the effluents using a hybrid yeast bioassay. This paper will concentrate on the androgenic activity and male hormone concentrations.

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Recycled water has facilitated expansion of viticulture in Great Western, Victoria. The recycled water is of medium salinity, and has high concentrations of nutrients and sodium. Irrigation has resulted in increased topsoil EC, pH, and ESP. Laboratory studies identified spatially heterogeneous soils which present a risk of groundwater and offsite contamination.

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It is generally accepted that, in vertebrates, omega-3 (n-3) and omega-6 (n-6) poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) compete for ?-6 desaturase enzyme in order to be bioconverted into long-chain PUFA (LC-PUFA). However, recent studies into teleost fatty acid metabolism suggest that these metabolic processes may not conform entirely to what has been previously observed in mammals and other animal models. Recent work on rainbow trout has led us to question specifically if linoleic acid (LA, 18:2n-6) and ?-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3n-3) (?-6 desaturase substrates) are in direct competition for access to ?-6 desaturase. Two experimental diets were formulated with fixed levels of ALA, while LA levels were varied (high and low) to examine if increased availability of LA would result in decreased bioconversion of ALA to its LC-PUFA products through substrate competition. No significant difference in ALA metabolism towards n-3 LC-PUFA was exhibited between diets while significant differences were observed in LA metabolism towards n-6 LC-PUFA. These results are evidence for minor if any competition between substrates for ?-6 desaturase, suggesting that, paradoxically, the activity of ?-6 desaturase on n-3 and n-6 substrates is independent. These results call for a paradigm shift in the way we approach teleost fatty acid metabolism. The findings are also important with regard to diet formulation in the aquaculture industry as they indicate that there should be no concern for possible substrate competition between 18:3n-3 and 18:2n-6, when aiming at increased n-3 LC-PUFA bioconversion in vivo.