973 resultados para Graphical representation, Textual discourse


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Les logiciels sont de plus en plus complexes et leur développement est souvent fait par des équipes dispersées et changeantes. Par ailleurs, de nos jours, la majorité des logiciels sont recyclés au lieu d’être développés à partir de zéro. La tâche de compréhension, inhérente aux tâches de maintenance, consiste à analyser plusieurs dimensions du logiciel en parallèle. La dimension temps intervient à deux niveaux dans le logiciel : il change durant son évolution et durant son exécution. Ces changements prennent un sens particulier quand ils sont analysés avec d’autres dimensions du logiciel. L’analyse de données multidimensionnelles est un problème difficile à résoudre. Cependant, certaines méthodes permettent de contourner cette difficulté. Ainsi, les approches semi-automatiques, comme la visualisation du logiciel, permettent à l’usager d’intervenir durant l’analyse pour explorer et guider la recherche d’informations. Dans une première étape de la thèse, nous appliquons des techniques de visualisation pour mieux comprendre la dynamique des logiciels pendant l’évolution et l’exécution. Les changements dans le temps sont représentés par des heat maps. Ainsi, nous utilisons la même représentation graphique pour visualiser les changements pendant l’évolution et ceux pendant l’exécution. Une autre catégorie d’approches, qui permettent de comprendre certains aspects dynamiques du logiciel, concerne l’utilisation d’heuristiques. Dans une seconde étape de la thèse, nous nous intéressons à l’identification des phases pendant l’évolution ou pendant l’exécution en utilisant la même approche. Dans ce contexte, la prémisse est qu’il existe une cohérence inhérente dans les évènements, qui permet d’isoler des sous-ensembles comme des phases. Cette hypothèse de cohérence est ensuite définie spécifiquement pour les évènements de changements de code (évolution) ou de changements d’état (exécution). L’objectif de la thèse est d’étudier l’unification de ces deux dimensions du temps que sont l’évolution et l’exécution. Ceci s’inscrit dans notre volonté de rapprocher les deux domaines de recherche qui s’intéressent à une même catégorie de problèmes, mais selon deux perspectives différentes.

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Hydrogeological research usually includes some statistical studies devised to elucidate mean background state, characterise relationships among different hydrochemical parameters, and show the influence of human activities. These goals are achieved either by means of a statistical approach or by mixing models between end-members. Compositional data analysis has proved to be effective with the first approach, but there is no commonly accepted solution to the end-member problem in a compositional framework. We present here a possible solution based on factor analysis of compositions illustrated with a case study. We find two factors on the compositional bi-plot fitting two non-centered orthogonal axes to the most representative variables. Each one of these axes defines a subcomposition, grouping those variables that lay nearest to it. With each subcomposition a log-contrast is computed and rewritten as an equilibrium equation. These two factors can be interpreted as the isometric log-ratio coordinates (ilr) of three hidden components, that can be plotted in a ternary diagram. These hidden components might be interpreted as end-members. We have analysed 14 molarities in 31 sampling stations all along the Llobregat River and its tributaries, with a monthly measure during two years. We have obtained a bi-plot with a 57% of explained total variance, from which we have extracted two factors: factor G, reflecting geological background enhanced by potash mining; and factor A, essentially controlled by urban and/or farming wastewater. Graphical representation of these two factors allows us to identify three extreme samples, corresponding to pristine waters, potash mining influence and urban sewage influence. To confirm this, we have available analysis of diffused and widespread point sources identified in the area: springs, potash mining lixiviates, sewage, and fertilisers. Each one of these sources shows a clear link with one of the extreme samples, except fertilisers due to the heterogeneity of their composition. This approach is a useful tool to distinguish end-members, and characterise them, an issue generally difficult to solve. It is worth note that the end-member composition cannot be fully estimated but only characterised through log-ratio relationships among components. Moreover, the influence of each endmember in a given sample must be evaluated in relative terms of the other samples. These limitations are intrinsic to the relative nature of compositional data

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A língua gestual (LG) é a língua natural da pessoa surda, sendo utilizada como forma de expressão e comunicação da comunidade surda de um determinado país. Porém, é de todo impossível escrever estas línguas através de um alfabeto comum como o da Língua Portuguesa (LP). Em 1974, na Dinamarca, Valerie Sutton criou o SignWriting (SW), um sistema de escrita das línguas gestuais, contrariando assim a ideia de que as línguas espaço-visuais não poderiam ter uma representação gráfica. Para o surgimento deste sistema foram fundamentais os estudos pioneiros de William Stokoe que reconheceram o estatuto linguístico das línguas gestuais, atribuindo-lhes propriedades inerentes a uma língua, como por exemplo a arbitrariedade e convencionalidade. Neste trabalho apresentamos o SW, sistema de escrita das línguas gestuais já utilizado noutros países, e questionamos se é exequível e profícua a sua adaptação à língua gestual portuguesa (LGP). Nesse sentido, concretizamos a escrita da LGP com base em áreas vocabulares distintas e presentes no programa curricular do ensino da LGP. Por último, efetivamos tal proposta através de um modelo de ação de formação em SW.

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This paper suggests a method for identifying individuals who are most suited to using virtual reality (VR) systems. The aim is to help both an individual or employer to decide where that individual's skills and abilities would be best deployed. By considering a potential user's competence and temperament, a graphical representation is introduced that may then be used to crudely delineate a high-aptitude participant against those with lesser capabilities. By introducing standard tests for competence and a standard classifier for temperament, and by further weighting each measure with respect to the technology currently available and the application, a detailed representation of the effectiveness of different users is developed.

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The main objective of this thesis work is to develop communication link between Runrev Revolution (IDE) and JADE (Multi-Agent System) through Socket programming using TCP/IP layer. These two independent platforms are connected using socket programming technique. Socket programming is considered to be newly emerging technology among these two platforms, the work done in this thesis work is considered to be a prototype.A Graphical simulation model is developed by salixphere (Company in Hedemora) to simulate logistic problems using Runrev Revolution (IDE). The simulation software/program is called “BIOSIM”. The logistic problems are complex, and conventional optimization techniques are unlikely very successful. “BIOSIM” can demonstrate the graphical representation of logistic problems depending upon the problem domains. As this simulation model is developed in revolution programming language (Transcript) which is dynamically typed and English-like language, it is quite slow compared to other high level programming languages. The object of this thesis work is to add intelligent behaviour in graphical objects and develop communication link between Runrev revolution (IDE) and JADE (Multi-Agent System) using TCP/IP layers.The test shows the intelligent behaviour in the graphical objects and successful communication between Runrev Revolution (IDE) and JADE (Multi-Agent System).

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Com caráter informativo, inicia-se apresentando a relação entre a climatologia e o ambiente construído, em seus campos especificos de aplicação (urbanismo, projeto de edificações, execução de obras, e manutenção e uso das construções), considerando-se os aspectos históricos, econômico-ecológicos e os ligados à súde e ao conforto do usuário, abrangidos por tal relação. A importância da disponibilidade de informações climatológicas é então comentada, bem como diversas metodalagias de análise e representação de dados climáticos. Com caráter aplicativo, apresenta-se uma contribuigão à caracterização climática da cidade de Porto Alegre, RS. São analisadas os valores médios horários-mensais doa principais parâmetros climáticos disponíveis (temperatura, umidade, velocidade e direção do vento, e nebulosidade), propondo-se uma representação gráfica sintética alternativa para os mesmos. A análise é complementada pala execução de dois procedimentos técnicos: avaliação do conforto térmico, com identificação do período critico de verão, e projeto de dispositivo de sombreamento de aberturas retangulares. Embora esteja em foco o caso específico de Porto Alegre, tais metodologias encontram-se descritas de modo a serem aplicadas a qualquer outra localidade, procurando-se ampliar a utilidade prática do presente estudo.

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Tendo como motivação o desenvolvimento de uma representação gráfica de redes com grande número de vértices, útil para aplicações de filtro colaborativo, este trabalho propõe a utilização de superfícies de coesão sobre uma base temática multidimensionalmente escalonada. Para isso, utiliza uma combinação de escalonamento multidimensional clássico e análise de procrustes, em algoritmo iterativo que encaminha soluções parciais, depois combinadas numa solução global. Aplicado a um exemplo de transações de empréstimo de livros pela Biblioteca Karl A. Boedecker, o algoritmo proposto produz saídas interpretáveis e coerentes tematicamente, e apresenta um stress menor que a solução por escalonamento clássico.

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The present work consists on the development and exploration of a knowledge mapping model. It is aimed in presenting and testing that model in an exploratory manner for the operationalization in theoretical terms and its practical application. For this proposal, it approaches ¿knowledge management¿ by three dimensions of management: processes control, results control and leadership. Assuming the inherently personal character of knowledge and admitting the impossibility for the management to command the individuals knowledge mental processes, this study states the possibility for management to control the organizations information processes, to state and to monitor the objectives and to lead people. Therefore, the developed tool searches to graphically represent the people¿s knowledge, which becomes, consequently, information. Also it evaluates the individual¿s maturity against the identified knowledge and prescribes, according to the Situational Leadership Theory, a style of leadership in compliance with the respective maturities. The knowledge map considered here translates the graphical representation of the relevant knowledge that is said to reach the objectives of the organization. That fact allows the results management for two reasons: first, the knowledge items are directly or indirectly connected to an objective and second, the knowledge map developed indicates a importance grade of the identified knowledge for the main objective stated. The research strategy adopted to explore the model of knowledge mapping and to test its applicability, also identifying its possible contributions and limitations, is the Actionresearch. Following the research strategy¿s prescribed stages, the knowledge map, as considered by this study, was applied in a software development company to hospitals, clinics and restaurants management which is called ¿Tergus Systems and Consulting¿. More precisely, the knowledge map was applied in the customer support company¿s area for hospitals. The research¿s empirical evidences had concluded that the model is applicable with low level of complexity, but with great demand of time. The more important contributions are related to the identification of the relevant knowledge to the department objectives in set with a prescription of the knowledge capture and transference necessities, as well as, the orientation for the appropriate leadership style for each subordinate related to the knowledge item in question.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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O modelo matemático apresentado tem como objetivos: (1) simular as dinâmicas populacionais de um sistema hospedeiro parasitóide de três níveis tróficos composto pelas populações de mosca-do-mediterrâneo Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), vespa braconídea parasitóide Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmed) e frutos cítricos; (2) auxiliar no melhor entendimento dos principais fatores biológicos e ecológicos que regem as interações populacionais e (3) colaborar com programas mais eficientes de controle biológico para o sistema em questão. A metodologia empregada baseou-se na formulação de sistemas de equações de diferenças que descrevessem os processos de interação do sistema trófico. Posteriormente, foram elaboradas resoluções numéricas desses sistemas de equações e sua representação gráfica, utilizando-se o programa computacional Matlab, versão 6.1. Os dados biológicos e ecológicos necessários para a formulação das equações matemáticas foram fornecidos por especialistas em controle de C. capitata e retirados da literatura referente ao controle biológico das moscas-das-frutas em plantações de citros no Brasil, principalmente através da utilização de vespas parasitóides, como D. longicaudata. Os resultados obtidos nas simulações sugerem que o modelo proposto descreve adequadamente o sistema ecológico em questão e permite entender melhor suas principais características biológicas e ecológicas. em conseqüência pode auxiliar na escolha do modo e momento para liberação da vespa parasitóide para o controle mais efetivo de C. capitata.

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This research deals with the design of leaflets of medicines, evidencing the problems resulting from the lack of Brazilian normalization to promote the use of the graphical representation of instructional texts warnings. It approaches studies related to the effectiveness and efficiency of information systems, highlighting the semiotics and the cultural and informational ergonomics. The analysis of the context uses as method, an analytical study on selected warnings of thirty leaflets of medicines, followed by interviews lead with the public managers involved with the regulation of the pharmaceutical companies, and two experiments with users performed in city of Recife, in State of Pernambuco: one aiming at to identify how they interact with the leaflets of medicines, and the second one testing their understanding concerning standardized illustrations in the United States and the South Africa. The results show the need for improvements in presentation and graphic representation of leaflets of medicines, powering them to the role of communication, to ensure the consumption of medicine safely by its users. The conclusion congregates parameters and recommendations for the graphic representation of warnings in leaflets of medicines in Brazil.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Pós-graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Materiais - FC

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)