994 resultados para Geografia brasileira


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The struggle for land is not a recent theme in Brazilian history. Since colonization, people have fought and resisted against oppression and injustice in the countryside, as can be evidenced by the highwaymen, peasant leagues and the war of Canudos. More recently, the struggle for land and agrarian reform can be evidenced by the struggles of the MST, CONTAG, CPT and other movements. For these movements, denominated as socioterritorial movements, land/territory is an essential condition for their existence and for the maintenance of their territoriality. The present paper examines the geography of socioterritorial moviments: the construction of the concept of socioterritorial movements and their forms of action and scales of actuation in the period 2000 to 2012, focusing on the movements that have been most active. These movements are studied through as analysis of data of the Land Struggle Data Base (Banco de Dados da Luta pela Terra –DATALUTA), print and digital media reports and a bibliographic survey of the literature. The action of socioterritorial movements can be studied through the forms of land occupations and demonstrations in the countryside which are the principal means of the struggle against large landholders, agribusiness and the State. These actions question the model of development which privileges agribusiness and, as such, are viewed by some as a hindrance to the development of the country. Over the years, the number of socioterritorial moviments, and their actions have oscillated due to a series of factors, such as repression (criminalization of members and violence against them), policies adopted by Brazilian governments and the contradictions inherent in very process of the spacialization of the struggle for land. These actions can be analyzed according to the scale of the struggle of the movements – municipal, micro-regional, state, macro-regional, and national

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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In 1954, it was celebrated the centenary of railways in Brazil. The date refers to the first section of 14.5 km of railway in Brazil (30/04/1854), in Rio de Janeiro, between Mauá and Fragoso, of the Petropolis Railway Company (Estrada de Ferro Petrópolis). Some of the texts and commemorative events indicated the symbolic values that the railroad took in the Brazilian history. Firstly, on 30.04.1954, the railway section Mauá-Fragoso and steam locomotive “Baroness” (the first used on the track) were declared national monuments(Decree No. 35,447-A, April 30, 1954). Secondly, some entities (Clube de Engenharia, Conselho Nacional de Geografia, Ministério da Viação e Obras Públicas) highlighted the importance of celebrating the Brazilian railway history and its historical significance, economic and geographical. For this, some events was occurred (the commemoration of one hundred years in Rio de Janeiro and Recife on 30.04.1954). Among the texts wrought produced, we highlight the text I Centenary of Brazilian Railroad (1954), released by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística), and the National Council of Geography (Conselho Nacional de Geografia). The emphasis given to the railway refersto the geographical perspective (territorial expansion), but also makes mention of the Barãode Mauá, the founder of Petropolis Railway Company. We aim to understand the celebration from evocations about the Brazilian railroad history and some ideas that is assigned to the railway (and the Barãode Mauá), and railway heritage (the track and the locomotive “Baroneza”). On basis of this review will seek to understand how it was reconceived the railroad memory in view of these values and material elements.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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This monograph is part of the works developed in the Scientific Initiation aimed at updating and improving the Atlas of Brazilian Agrarian Question - AQAB. For pioneering and scope of work-matrix, the objective this first part focused on the development of issues related to agricultural production, being drawn maps with data from the Municipal Agricultural Production-PAM 2012; Municipal Livestock Research-PPM 2012; Production of Vegetable Extraction and Forestry-2012, all analyzed from bibliographic review and joint interpretation of tables and graphs. Pari passu, this topic allowed the development of studies on peasant farms, because they are correlated subjects. Peasant farmers produce large portion of the food served to the population. Its features are its mode of production in the field, the way in which the activities take place within the family, the struggle for their social reproduction and by the earth, the practice of polyculture, preservation of the environment and the genetic diversity of species. The surplus production is sold on the market to meet other family demands unmet by production on their properties. We understand that both terms; Peasant or Farmer, refer to the same subject, but with different interpretations of their way of social reproduction and market relations...

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This monograph is part of the works developed in the Scientific Initiation aimed at updating and improving the Atlas of Brazilian Agrarian Question - AQAB. For pioneering and scope of work-matrix, the objective this first part focused on the development of issues related to agricultural production, being drawn maps with data from the Municipal Agricultural Production-PAM 2012; Municipal Livestock Research-PPM 2012; Production of Vegetable Extraction and Forestry-2012, all analyzed from bibliographic review and joint interpretation of tables and graphs. Pari passu, this topic allowed the development of studies on peasant farms, because they are correlated subjects. Peasant farmers produce large portion of the food served to the population. Its features are its mode of production in the field, the way in which the activities take place within the family, the struggle for their social reproduction and by the earth, the practice of polyculture, preservation of the environment and the genetic diversity of species. The surplus production is sold on the market to meet other family demands unmet by production on their properties. We understand that both terms; Peasant or Farmer, refer to the same subject, but with different interpretations of their way of social reproduction and market relations...

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Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Humanas, Departamento de Geografia, Pós-Graduação em Geografia, 2016.

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Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Letras, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Literatura, 2016.

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Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Departamento de Geografia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia, 2016.

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Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Humanas, Departamento de Geografia, Programa de Pós Graduação em Geografia, 2015.

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Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Humanas, Departamento de Geografia, 2015.

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Consoante Moraes (2009), o sertão não é um lugar (materialidade terrestre localizável, passível de ser delimitada e cartografada), mas uma condição (um qualificativo básico imposto, implicando no processo de valoração de determinadas condições locacionais): inerente a ele notam-se, ao longo da história, diferentes discursos valorativos referentes ao espaço (ideologias geográficas), em geral, mas não necessariamente, negativos. Assim, nada ingênuo, o sertão designa, portanto, um qualificativo dos lugares, sempre acompanhado de projetos (povoador, civilizador, modernizador), com vistas à incorporação na economia nacional. Destarte, pautado nos referenciais da História do Pensamento Geográfico e da Geografia Histórica, o objetivo do presente trabalho será analisar como a ideia de sertão é construída discursivamente ao longo de diversas obras da literatura brasileira – considerando os literatos como intelectuais e indivíduos expressivos (GOLDMANN, 1979) –, relacionando-a com os projetos de formação e modernização do território, em vários períodos históricos.

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Autores de inclinação liberal têm defendido que o mundo atual está globalizado, no qual os países não mantêm mais restrições ao comércio e serviços. Todavia, as desigualdades socioeconômicas, regionais e espaciais fazem com que os países latino-americanos necessitem de aportes financeiros e produtivos das nações mais ricas. Isto irá se refletir nos campos social, econômico e educacional no sentido da necessidade de formação de uma mão de obra mais especializada e na formação de docentes. Historicamente a América Latina tem sua inserção na economia mundial de forma subordinada, derivada de diferentes fatores e sob a injunção de variados organismos internacionais. Assim, esta pesquisa objetiva a análise das relações internacionais, no âmbito dos países que compõem o Mercosul, enfocando as políticas educacionais em andamento nestes países a partir das ações do Banco Mundial e da Organização Mundial do Comércio, sob a ótica da geografia econômica e política. A investigação seguiu uma metodologia qualitativa, na forma de análise documental e indutiva. Foi imprescindível interagir teoricamente com várias ciências humanas, pois é inegável que uma única ciência possa dar conta de múltiplas complexidades. Espera-se com esta investigação poder contribuir para o debate acerca da resolução sobre os graves problemas latino-americanos, particularmente ligados ao ensino.