Los bivalvos fósiles de las Canarias Orientales

[ES] Las líneas generales de la larga y compleja historia volcánica de las islas Canarias son bien conocidas (IIartung, 1857; IIausen, 1956 a 1973; Fuster et d., 1968 a la actualidad; Rothe, 1974;Schmincke, 1976). Sin embargo, los depósitos marinos antiguos de abundante contenido fósil, conocidos y estudiados parcialmente desde el siglo pasado, se han interpretado incorrectamente (Crofts, 1967 ; Lecointre, Tinkler y Richards, 1967 ; Klug, 1968; Müller y Tietz, 1975). La cronologia geológica del archipiélago se basaba al principio sólo en los datos paleontol6gicos (Lyell, 1864; Rothpletz y Simonelli, 1890). Hoy, con las dataciones radiomPtricas y el estudio del paleornagnetismo (Abdel Monen et al., 1971, 1972; Rona y NorwaId, 1970; Lietz y Schemincke, 1975; Mac Dougall y Schmincke, 1977), se ha minusvalorado la paleontología, quizá por medir el tiempo con una precisión menos espectacular, aunque no siempre menos exacta.

Los bivalvos fósiles de las Canarias Orientales (Suplemento)

[ES] En el número 28 del ANUARIO DE ESTUDIOS ATLÁNTICOS (páginas 65 y 125) se omitió involuntariamente la explicación de las láminas que ahora ofrecemos. Al mismo tiempo aclaramos que las figuras de las láminas correspondientes al trabajo titulado de ESTUDIOS ATLÁNTICOS, núm. 27, pp. 601 a 615) están a dos tercios de su tamaño natural.

Asociaciones de foraminíferos del Messiniense y Plioceno del sector norte de la Cuenca del Bajo Segura

The Messinian and Pliocene stratigraphic record of the northern sector of the Bajo Segura Basin has been separated into three main allostratigraphic units (MI, MII and P). These units are composed of continental to marine depositional systems. The aim of this paper is study the foraminiferal assemblages belonging to lagoonal and marine systems. The distribution of these foraminiferal assemblages show two significantly paleoenvironmental changes: 1) an abrupt change from marine to lagoonal foraminifer assemblages at the MI/MII boundary, related with the beginning of the Lago Mare and Terminal Complex deposition; and 2) a significant marine foraminiferal repopulation at the beginning of the Pliocene as a consequence of the marine reflooding of the Mediterranean.

Pistas fósiles asociadas a la discontinuidad fini-Messiniense en el margen norte de la Cuenca del Bajo Segura (SE España)

A detailed analysis of the Upper Messinian-Lower Pliocene at the northern border of the Bajo Segura Basin (BSB) has been carried out. Trace fossils of firm- and rockground were collected, aiding in the recognition of three ichnofacies: Glossifungites (types A and B), Entobia and Gnathichnus. The ichnological data provide evidence that the Pliocene flooding of the BSB, after the Messinian Salinity Crisis, was developed in two pulses. In the first one, the ingression penetrated only along the paleovalleys and produced a coastal trasgressive lag (P0). In the second one, the ingression overflowed the margins of the paleovalleys and extended throughout the entire northern margin, also producing a coastal transgressive lag in the base of the P2 system. The record of the Entobia and Gnathichnus ichnofacies in the clasts of both lags evidences a relatively fast deepening-upward trend in both the transgressions.

La sección de San Miguel de Salinas (Cuenca del Bajo Segura): significado paleoambiental de las asociaciones de foraminíferos en relación con la Crisis de Salinidad del Messiniense

In the composite section of San Miguel de Salinas the following synthems are represented: MI (preevaporitic Messinan), MII (syn-evaporitic Messinian) and P (post-evaporitic Pliocene). The foraminiferal assemblages of these synthems have been studied in order to reveal the palaeoenvironmental changes related to the Mediterranean Salinity Crisis. The change between MI and MII synthems is characterized by the reduction of the foraminiferal biodiversity. Synthem MII records palaeoenvironmental stress related to the evaporitic deposition during the Salinity Crisis. Synthem P marks an abrupt increase of the foraminiferal biodiversity in coincidence with the Pliocene reflooding of the Mediterranean Sea.

Bioestratigrafía basada en foraminíferos planctónicos para el Mioceno superior y Plioceno de la Cuenca del Bajo Segura (Cordillera Bética oriental)

The planktonic foraminifers biostratigraphy is crucial in order to precise the timing of the main tectonosedimentary and palaeogeographic events through the evolution of the Bajo Segura Basin. Our results indicates that the marine stratigraphic record of the basin spans from the earliest late Miocene to the early Pliocene. For this temporal interval, all the recent, astronomically calibrated, planktonic foraminifers biozones had been documented. The oldest depositional stage in the basin is marked by a regional-scale transgression in coincidence with the MMi9 biozone (early Tortonian). The youngest basin-wide marine episode occurs at the MPl4a biozone (Zanclean). The Messinian Salinity Crisis, as a specially noticeable event in the Mediterranean domain, is bracketed between the last Messinian biozone (MMi13c) and the first Pliocene biozone (MPl1).

Nannoplankton and planktonic foraminifera biostratigraphy of the eastern Betics during the Tortonian (SE Spain)

El final del Serravalliense y principio del Tortoniense es un periodo de fuerte actividad tectónica en la Cordillera Bética. Además, existe un debate sobre la existencia de sedimentos de edad Tortoniense inferior al no existir claras atribuciones fósiles en esa edad. Estos sedimentos se asignan a dicha edad por criterios indirectos, tanto estratigráficos como por la ausencia de contenido fósil más antiguo o más reciente. En este trabajo se describe la sección compuesta de Les Moreres-Albatera, que es probablemente una de las secciones más completas de edad Tortoniense en la bibliografía de la Cordillera Bética, pese a tener un importante hiato de cerca de 1 Millón de años ligado a un evento tectónico intra-Tortoniense. La sección presenta dos unidades litológicas calizas a la base (El Castellà) y al techo (Las Ventanas) y dos unidades intermedias margosas, la inferior, llamada Les Moreres, y la superior, Galería de los Suizos se encuentran separadas por el conglomerado de la Raya del Búho. Se han identificado las biozonas de nanofósiles calcáreos CN5b/NN7 a CN9a/NN11a (Okada & Bukry, 1980; Martini, 1971) y de foraminíferos planctónicos de MMi9 a MMi12a (Lourens et al., 2004). La biostratigrafía de los primeros ha permitido identificar un hiato que incluye la parte alta de las biozonas CN7/NN9 hasta la parte baja de CN9a/NN11a (Okada & Bukry, 1980; Martini, 1971). La integración de los datos biostratigráficos con los paleomagnéticos en la sección Albatera permite la calibración del límite de los magnetocrones C4r.1r/C4n.2n.

Foraminíferos, ostracodes e microfauna associada da plataforma continental equatorial norte-rio-grandense, NE Brasil: área Porto do Mangue a Galinhos

This study was conducted in the adjacent Brazilian equatorial inner shelf to Rio Grande do Norte, between the region of Porto do Mangue and Galinhos. The main objective is the characterization of biogenic sediments, especially foraminifera and ostracod collected on the surface of the seafloor. The methodology involved standard procedures including literature, surveys, processing of samples in the laboratory and identification of foraminifera and ostracods by genera or species under stereo microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Multivariate statistical analyzes and study of ecological indexes were also applied to the study of foraminifera. Three transects, from inner shelf to slope were sampled: profile 01 (east, near Galos), profile 02 (center, near the city of Macau) and profile 03 (west, near Ponta do Mel). Results indicated the predominance of benthic foraminifera and little plankton occurrence. Benthic foraminifera genera observed in abundance were Quinqueloculina, Textularia, Globigerina and Pyrgo, Quinqueloculina, Textularia, Pyrgo, Ammonia, Elphidium, Pseudononion, Peneroplis, Bolivina and Poroeponides, occurred more frequently. Less frequently been described Amphistegina, Archaias, Bigenerina, Cibicides, Cassidulina, Amphicorina, Cornuspira, Paterina, Hopkunsina, Oolina, Uvigerina, Fusenkoina, Nonionella, Amphisorus, Wiesrella, Reussella, Reophax, Nodosaria, Marginulina and Cyclogyra. Six genera of ostracods were also identified: Puriana variabilis / P. convoluted?, Loxoconcha sp, Bairdiidae, Xestoleberis sp, Hemicytheridae and Ruggiericythere sp. Groups of organisms found in the studied shelf presented chemical composition of Ca, C, O, Na, Cl, Al, Mg, and Si. The proportions of chemical elements may vary according to the type of biogenic sediment, with the highest values identified as Ca, C, Cl, Na and O. The absolute dating by carbon 14 method indicated sediments of different colors (light and dark), correspond to a single age from 3000 to 6000 years BP, related to the Quaternary. These data intend to complement information about biogenic sediments in the Brazilian continental shelf, especially in the Northeast, where there is a lack of such studies.

Foraminíferos, ostracodes e microfauna associada da plataforma continental equatorial norte-rio-grandense, NE Brasil: área Porto do Mangue a Galinhos

This study was conducted in the adjacent Brazilian equatorial inner shelf to Rio Grande do Norte, between the region of Porto do Mangue and Galinhos. The main objective is the characterization of biogenic sediments, especially foraminifera and ostracod collected on the surface of the seafloor. The methodology involved standard procedures including literature, surveys, processing of samples in the laboratory and identification of foraminifera and ostracods by genera or species under stereo microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Multivariate statistical analyzes and study of ecological indexes were also applied to the study of foraminifera. Three transects, from inner shelf to slope were sampled: profile 01 (east, near Galos), profile 02 (center, near the city of Macau) and profile 03 (west, near Ponta do Mel). Results indicated the predominance of benthic foraminifera and little plankton occurrence. Benthic foraminifera genera observed in abundance were Quinqueloculina, Textularia, Globigerina and Pyrgo, Quinqueloculina, Textularia, Pyrgo, Ammonia, Elphidium, Pseudononion, Peneroplis, Bolivina and Poroeponides, occurred more frequently. Less frequently been described Amphistegina, Archaias, Bigenerina, Cibicides, Cassidulina, Amphicorina, Cornuspira, Paterina, Hopkunsina, Oolina, Uvigerina, Fusenkoina, Nonionella, Amphisorus, Wiesrella, Reussella, Reophax, Nodosaria, Marginulina and Cyclogyra. Six genera of ostracods were also identified: Puriana variabilis / P. convoluted?, Loxoconcha sp, Bairdiidae, Xestoleberis sp, Hemicytheridae and Ruggiericythere sp. Groups of organisms found in the studied shelf presented chemical composition of Ca, C, O, Na, Cl, Al, Mg, and Si. The proportions of chemical elements may vary according to the type of biogenic sediment, with the highest values identified as Ca, C, Cl, Na and O. The absolute dating by carbon 14 method indicated sediments of different colors (light and dark), correspond to a single age from 3000 to 6000 years BP, related to the Quaternary. These data intend to complement information about biogenic sediments in the Brazilian continental shelf, especially in the Northeast, where there is a lack of such studies.

Foraminíferos como ferramenta de estudo na geologia ambiental do estuário do Rio Potengi e da plataforma interna, RN, Brasil

The Potengi River estuary has been affected by various anthropogenic factors over the years, as periodic dredging, industrial and domestic waste, traffic and other factors, causing various environmental disasters, including the notorious ecological accident in July 2007, which covered the municipalities of São Gonçalo do Amarante, Macaíba and Natal. Foraminifera serve as viable study tools in these environments; they are able to identify ecologically stressed environments, pointing out hydrographic changes and depositional environments in estuaries. The necessity to check the differences in environmental gradients in places anthropically impacted in Potengi River and adjacent inner shelf through species of foraminifera, and, the responses of these organisms to physical, chemical and geological factors is to provide baseline in the diagnosis of environments. The results show the dominance of opportunistic Ammonia tepida, Bolivina striatula, Quinqueloculina patagonica and Q. miletti especially in regions close to shrimp farms and Baldo Channel sewage in fine grain environments; and Q. lamarckiana indicates penetration of the saline waters in Potengi River. The occurrence of low-salinity tolerant foraminiferal species typical of mangrove environments as Trochammina inflata and T. squamata in Potengi River Channel suggest they probably could have been transported from mangrove area near the Potengi river mouth to the inner shelf regions. These findings suggest Potengi River is able to export mixohaline and mangrove organisms to inner shelf. Two distinct environments were observed, the outermost area is more influenced by marine influence and the innermost area is less influenced. Calcareous and agglutinated species dominate Potengi River, while mouth and inner shelf areas are dominated by calcareous, agglutinated and porcelaneous species, which are typical of highly saline and hydrodynamic environments and the contributive factors that controls foraminiferal distribution were balance of marine and freshwater currents, grain size, availability of CaCO3 and organic matter.

Foraminíferos como ferramenta de estudo na geologia ambiental do estuário do Rio Potengi e da plataforma interna, RN, Brasil

The Potengi River estuary has been affected by various anthropogenic factors over the years, as periodic dredging, industrial and domestic waste, traffic and other factors, causing various environmental disasters, including the notorious ecological accident in July 2007, which covered the municipalities of São Gonçalo do Amarante, Macaíba and Natal. Foraminifera serve as viable study tools in these environments; they are able to identify ecologically stressed environments, pointing out hydrographic changes and depositional environments in estuaries. The necessity to check the differences in environmental gradients in places anthropically impacted in Potengi River and adjacent inner shelf through species of foraminifera, and, the responses of these organisms to physical, chemical and geological factors is to provide baseline in the diagnosis of environments. The results show the dominance of opportunistic Ammonia tepida, Bolivina striatula, Quinqueloculina patagonica and Q. miletti especially in regions close to shrimp farms and Baldo Channel sewage in fine grain environments; and Q. lamarckiana indicates penetration of the saline waters in Potengi River. The occurrence of low-salinity tolerant foraminiferal species typical of mangrove environments as Trochammina inflata and T. squamata in Potengi River Channel suggest they probably could have been transported from mangrove area near the Potengi river mouth to the inner shelf regions. These findings suggest Potengi River is able to export mixohaline and mangrove organisms to inner shelf. Two distinct environments were observed, the outermost area is more influenced by marine influence and the innermost area is less influenced. Calcareous and agglutinated species dominate Potengi River, while mouth and inner shelf areas are dominated by calcareous, agglutinated and porcelaneous species, which are typical of highly saline and hydrodynamic environments and the contributive factors that controls foraminiferal distribution were balance of marine and freshwater currents, grain size, availability of CaCO3 and organic matter.

Fossil associations from the middle and upper Eocene strata of the Pamplona Basin and surrounding areas (Navarre, western Pyrenees)

Fossil associations from the middle and upper Eocene (Bartonian and Priabonian) sedimentary succession of the Pamplona Basin are described. This succession was accumulated in the western part of the South Pyrenean peripheral foreland basin and extends from deep-marine turbiditic (Ezkaba Sandstone Formation) to deltaic (Pamplona Marl, Ardanatz Sandstone and Ilundain Marl formations) and marginal marine deposits (Gendulain Formation). The micropalaeontological content is high. It is dominated by foraminifera, and common ostracods and other microfossils are also present. The fossil ichnoasssemblages include at least 23 ichnogenera and 28 ichnospecies indicative of Nereites, Cruziana, Glossifungites and ?Scoyenia-Mermia ichnofacies. Body macrofossils of 78 taxa corresponding to macroforaminifera, sponges, corals, bryozoans, brachiopods, annelids, molluscs, arthropods, echinoderms and vertebrates have been identified. Both the number of ichnotaxa and of species (e. g. bryozoans, molluscs and condrichthyans) may be considerably higher. Body fossil assemblages are comparable to those from the Eocene of the Nord Pyrenean area (Basque Coast), and also to those from the Eocene of the west-central and eastern part of South Pyrenean area (Aragon and Catalonia). At the European scale, the molluscs assemblages seem endemic from the Pyrenean area, although several Tethyan (Italy and Alps) and Northern elements (Paris basin and Normandy) have been recorded. Palaeontological data of studied sedimentary units fit well with the shallowing process that throughout the middle and late Eocene occurs in the area, according to the sedimentological and stratigraphical data.

Los fósiles del Pleistoceno marino de Las Palmas (Gran Canaria) y de La Guirra (Fuerteventura)

[ES] Obras de construcción en San Cristóbal (Las Palmas de Gran Canaria) han proporcionado una nueva sección de los depósitos marinos pleistocenos que se extienden bajo la ciudad a lo largo de una decena de km. El contenido fosilífero en especies senegalesas permite relacionarlos con el máximo de temperaturas alcanzado durante el último interglacial (MIS 5.5). Con la misma fauna el yacimiento de La Guirra en Fuerteventura, de singular interés por conservar intacto el máximo transgresivo, permite contrastar las alturas máximas (+12 m y +8 m así respectivamente) en ambas islas. Cifras notablemente diferentes a lo publicado. Un centenar de especies han sido catalogadas y más de una veintena son citas nuevas. Los fósiles de carácter ecuatorial contenidos en los depósitos marinos de La Guirra, sobre un paleosuelo y bajo una costra calcárea, permiten la reconstrucción paleoclimática del último interglacial que se inicia con un periodo húmedo y cálido al que le sigue el máximo térmico y finaliza con un periodo árido y cálido.