Fibre Bragg gratings in polymer optical fibre for applications in sensing

This thesis presents the potential sensing applications of fibre Bragg gratings in polymer optical fibres. Fibre Bragg gratings are fabricated in different kinds of polymer optical fibres, including Poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) and TOPAS cyclic olefin copolymer based microstructured polymer optical fibres and PMMA based step-index photosensitive polymer optical fibre, using the 325nm continuous wave ultraviolet laser and phase mask technique. The thermal response of fabricated microstructured polymer optical fibre Bragg gratings has been characterized. The PMMA based single mode microstructured polymer optical fibre Bragg gratings exhibit negative non-linear Bragg wavelength shift with temperature, including a quasi-linear region. The thermal sensitivity of such Bragg gratings in the linear region is up to -97pm/��C. A permanent shift in the grating wavelength at room temperature is observed when such gratings are heated above a threshold temperature which can be extended by annealing the fibre before grating inscription. The largest positive Bragg wavelength shift with temperature in transmission is observed in TOPAS based few moded microstructured polymer optical fibre Bragg gratings and the measured temperature sensitivity is 250��0.5pm/��C. Gluing method is developed to maintain stable optical coupling between PMMA based single mode step index polymer optical fibre Bragg gratings and single mode step index silica optical fibre. Being benefit from this success, polymer optical fibre Bragg gratings are able to be characterised for their temperature, humidity and strain sensitivity, which are -48.2��1pm/��C, 38.3��0.5pm per %RH and 1.33��0.04 pm/��??respectively. These sensitivities have been utilised to achieve several applications. The strain sensitivity of step index polymer optical fibre Bragg grating devices has been exploited in the potential application of the strain condition monitoring of heavy textiles and when being attached to textile specimens with certain type of adhesives. These polymer fibre Bragg grating devices show better strain transfer and lower structure reinforcement than silica optical fibre Bragg grating devices. The humidity sensitivity of step index polymer optical fibre Bragg grating devices is applied to detecting water in jet fuel and is proved to be able to measure water content of less than 20 ppm in Jet fuel. A simultaneous temperature and humidity sensor is also made by attaching a polymer fibre Bragg grating to a silica optical fibre Bragg grating and it shows better humidity measurement accuracy than that of electronic competitors.

Conflict resolution strategies : influence of organizational and professional commitment nurses

Introduction: The changes in the health area and the set of structural changes in the nursing profession and career interfere in the dynamics and stability of the future of the nurses. Objectives: To study the influence of organizational and professional commitment of the nurses in the strategies of conflict resolution. Methods: This is a quantitative, transversal and non-experimental research, following a descriptive-correlational way. Data were obtained by applying a questionnaire to nurses that work on different types of Primary Health Care Units. As measuring instruments we used three scales that grouped a total of nine subscales used to evaluate: the organizational commitment, the professional commitment and the strategies of conflict resolution. Results: The majority of nurses present moderate scores of organizational and Professional commitment with higher affective commitment to the normative commitment or instrumental commitment and feel that nursing is an interesting and challenging profession, but personal and social perception of nursing relevance is moderately weak. Nurses adopt the domination conflict resolution strategies and accommodation over the head and less integrative strategies and commitment. With subordinates more nurses adopt the avoidance strategy. When the conflictual situation arises with colleagues more endow the integrative strategies and commitment and less domination strategy. The organizational and professional commitment is significantly associated with some solving strategies conflict adopted by nurses as the conflictual situation arises with the boss, with subordinates or colleagues. Some dimensions of organizational commitment and professional foretell to significantly shape the adoption of conflict resolution strategy adopted.

Estado nutricional y etapas de cambio comportamental frente a la actividad f��sica ni��os y adolescentes de Bogot��, Colombia: Estudio FUPRECOL

Objetivo: El prop��sito del estudio fue relacionar la etapa en el cambio en el comportamiento frente a la actividad f��sica y el estado nutricional en escolares entre 9 y 17 a��os de Bogot��- Colombia, pertenecientes al estudio FUPRECOL. M��todo: Se trata de un estudio transversal, en 6.606 ni��os y adolescentes entre 9 y 17 a��os, pertenecientes a 24 instituciones educativas, de Bogot��-Colombia. Se aplic�� de manera auto-diligenciada el cuestionario de cambio de comportamiento en funci��n a la intensi��n de realizar actividad f��sica (CCC-Fuprecol) y se midi�� el peso y la estatura para determinar el estado nutricional con el ��ndice de masa corporal (IMC). Resultados: El porcentaje de respuesta fue 94% y se consideraron v��lidos 6,606 registros, siendo 58.3 % (n=3.850) ni��as con un promedio de edad de 12,7��2,3 a��os. En la poblaci��n general, el 5,3 % de los escolares se encontraban en etapa de pre-contemplaci��n, 31,8 % en contemplaci��n, el 26,7 % en acci��n y el 36,2 % en etapa de mantenimiento. Al comparar la etapa de cambio con el estado nutricional por IMC, los escolares clasificados en obesidad mostraron mayor frecuencia de respuesta en la etapa de pre-contemplaci��n, mientras que los escolares con peso saludable acusaron mayores porcentajes en la etapa de mantenimiento. Conclusi��n: En escolares de Bogot��, Colombia, se encontr�� una relaci��n estad��sticamente significativa entre a la intensi��n de realizar actividad con el estado nutricional medido con el IMC. Fomentar la promoci��n de la actividad f��sica y monitorear el estado nutricional, deber�� ser una prioridad en las agendas y pol��ticas p��blicas dentro del ��mbito escolar.

Etapas de cambio conductual relacionado al consumo de frutas y verduras en escolares de Bogot��, Colombia

Objetivo: Describir la relaci��n de las etapas de cambio conductual frente al consumo de frutas y verduras con el estado nutricional en un grupo de escolares de Bogot��, Colombia, pertenecientes al estudio FUPRECOL. M��todos: Estudio de corte transversal en 1.922 ni��os y adolescentes entre 9 y 17 a��os, pertenecientes a nueve instituciones educativas oficiales de Bogot��. Se aplic�� de manera auto-diligenciada el cuestionario de cambio de comportamiento (CCC-Fuprecol) validado en el ���estudio FUPRECOL��� y se calcul�� el ��ndice de Masa Corporal (IMC) como marcador del estado nutricional. Se calcularon prevalencias y se establecieron asociaciones mediante modelos de regresi��n log��stica binaria. Resultados: La muestra estuvo conformada por 1.045 ni��os-ni��as y adolescentes vs hombres (45.6%) y mujeres (54.3%) y 877. La mayor proporci��n de consumo de frutas en el subgrupo de hombres (ni��os entre 9 y 12 a��os vs. adolescentes entre 13 y 17 a��os) se observ�� en la etapa de mantenimiento, (53.3 % vs. 38.8 %, X2 p<0.001), seguido de preparaci��n/acci��n (25.0 % vs. 32.4 %, X2 p<0.001). En mujeres entre 9 y 12 a��os, la mayor proporci��n se ubic�� en la etapa de mantenimiento (54.4 %), a diferencia de las adolescentes entre 13 y 17 a��os que acusaron mayor frecuencia la etapa de preparaci��n/acci��n (42.0 %). Se observ�� que pertenecer al grupo de mujeres, se asociaba como variable para el cumplimiento de la recomendaci��n m��nima de frutas y verduras con valores de OR 1.54 (IC95% 1.22-1.93) y OR 1.48 (IC95% 1.19-1.84), respectivamente. Conclusiones: Aproximadamente, 66 % de los participantes tienen la intenci��n o la voluntad de cumplir las recomendaciones de consumo de frutas y verduras. La identificaci��n temprana de ni��os y adolescentes con bajo consumo de alimentos vegetales, permitir�� implementar intervenciones para promover comportamientos saludables a fin de prevenir el riesgo cardiometab��lico en la edad adulta.

Los migrantes de la laguna: un estudio etnogr��fico sobre la construcci��n y configuraci��n de los flujos migratorios de la comunidad Kichwa en Sesquil��

Esta tesis de grado se intereza por observar y an��lizar las red migratoria de los Kichwas de Sesquil��, especificamente en los procesos que permitieron la construcci��n y consolidaci��n de las redes migratorias, las cuales se encienden o se apagan, a partir de las configuraciones pol��ticas, religiosas, culturales y econ��micas que la comunidad ha experimentado.

Symposium: Violence in Adults and the elderly: to investigate and intervene

This symposium aims to address some studies on violence in adults, as well as address the job done in an intervention network in domestic violence and a project on the study of violence in the elderly, in Alentejo. Communications: - PREVAL��NCE OF VIOLENCE IN ADULTS- Zang��o, Maria Ot��lia; Serra, Isaura; Gemito, Maria Laur��ncia; Pinheiro, Fel��cia Tavares; Magalh��es, Dulce; Marques, Maria de F��tima - SOCIAL REPRESENTATION OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE - Gemito, Maria Laur��ncia; Pinheiro, Fel��cia Tavares; Zang��o, Maria Ot��lia; Serra, Isaura; Magalh��es, Dulce; Marques, Maria de F��tima - DOMESTIV VIOLENCE IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF WOMEN WHO LIVE IT - Magalh��es, Dulce; Marques, Maria de F��tima; Zang��o, Maria Ot��lia; Serra, Isaura; Gemito, Maria Laur��ncia; Pinheiro, Fel��cia Tavares - INTEGRATED INTERVENTION NETWORK OF DISTRICT OF ��VORA (RIIDE): A multidisciplinary response to violence - Gemito, Maria Laur��ncia; Pinheiro, Fel��cia Tavares; Lopes, Manuel - ESACA - Ageing Safely in Alentejo ��� Understanding for Action - Mendes, Felismina; Gemito, Maria Laur��ncia; Zang��o, Maria Otilia; Chora, Maria Ant��nia; Pereira, Catarina Symposium goal(s): - To present studies on violence in Alentejo. - To discuss the importance of networks in the problem of violence. - To present Project underway on how to age with security in Alentejo. Symposium moderator(s): Maria Ot��lia Brites Zang��o Project affiliation:All three studies have resulted in an intervention project against domestic violence "Love me, love me not- Why does the violence exist and why does it not choose ages?" funded by POPH. ESACA Project - Aging Safely in Alentejo - Understanding to act, co-funded by: Alentejo 2020 Portugal 2020 and the European Union.

Archives parlementaires de 1787 �� 1860 ; 34-51. Assembl��e nationale l��gislative. S��rie 1 / Tome 48 / impr. par ordre du S��nat et de la Chambre des d��put��s ; sous la dir. de M. J. Mavidal,... et de M. E. Laurent,... ; avec la collab. de MM. E. Tonnier et C. Pionnier

Collection : Les archives de la R��volution fran��aise ; 3.1

Discurso pronunciado el d��a 20 de agosto de 1871 por el C. Jos�� Mar��a Lafragua, en conmemoraci��n de la batalla de Churubusco

UANL

���Kan regeringen l��gga 48 miljarder extra p�� invandringen, kan man tycka att ett par miljoner kan g�� till oss som bor h��r och ��r sjuka i hepatit C?��� : Hur invandring och m��ngkultur uttrycks i ins��ndare, en inneh��llsanalys

Under m��nga ��r har ���invandringsfr��gan��� varit en mycket debatterad fr��ga. Detta m��rks inte minst i alla de ins��ndare som publicerats i Dalarnas morgontidningar. Integration och ekonomi ��r exempel p�� ��mnen som n��mns i dessa ins��ndare d�� diskursen invandring diskuteras. En betydande faktor i debatten har bland annat varit Sverigedemokraternas valframg��ngar. Med denna unders��kning vill vi f��rs��ka kartl��gga hur diskursen invandring framst��lls i ins��ndare fr��n Dala-demokraten. Detta har gjorts med en inneh��lls- och diskursanalys. Analysen har utg��tt fr��n ins��ndare mellan tidsperioden augusti-april 2002/2003 och 2014/2015, vilket motsvarar tiden kring de b��da riksdagsvalen.Analysen har genererat fyra teman (m��ngkultur och svenskhet, integrationsfr��gan och invandring, demokrati och yttrandefrihet och ekonomi och v��lf��rd) som diskursen invandring kretsar kring. Utifr��n dessa teman har v��r analys visat att Sverigedemokraternas valframg��ngar tenderar att delvis influera diskursen invandring som ins��ndarskribenterna f��rmedlar. Diskursen invandring har g��tt fr��n att kretsa kring integrationsproblematik 2002/2003 till ekonomisk problematik 2014/2015. Analysen har ��ven visat p�� ett ���vi och dem���-t��nk som genomsyrar diskursen invandring under b��gge tidsperioder. Detta sker b��de genom f��rdomsfulla framst��llningar av andra m��nniskor och i uppdelningen av vilka som ���b��r��� f�� ta del av Sveriges gemensamma medel.

The results of a randomized trial looking at 24 weeks vs 48 weeks of treatment with peginterferon alpha-2a (40 kDa) and ribavirin combination therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C genotype 1

Peginterferon-alpha plus ribavirin is the most effective therapy for chronic hepatitis C. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of peginterferon alpha-2a (40 kDa) plus ribavirin on sustained virological response (SVR) when administered for 24 vs 48 weeks in genotype 1 naive patients. One hundred and seventeen patients were enrolled in this controlled trial. Genotype 1 patients were randomized to 24 weeks treatment vs 48 weeks treatment. Genotype non-1 patients received 24 weeks treatment as an observational group. Outcomes were SVR (defined by hepatitis C virus-RNA-negative at week 24 of follow-up) and tolerability across the study period. The end-of-treatment response was 59% for genotype 1 (24 weeks treatment), 80% for genotype 1 (48 weeks treatment) and 92% for genotype non-1 (24 weeks treatment). The end-of-follow-up response was 19% (95% confidence interval (CI): 7.2-36.4) (genotype 1, 24 weeks) and 48% (95% CI: 30.2-66.9; P = 0.0175) (genotype 1, 48 weeks). Among genotype non-1, SVR was 76% (95% CI: 62.3-86.5). There were no unexpected adverse events.Almost half of the genotype 1 patients achieved an SVR after 48 weeks treatment with peginterferon alpha-2a (40 kDa) and low-dose ribavirin and confirmed that they should be treated for 48 weeks. Safety profile was acceptable.