1000 resultados para Faculdade de Ciências da Vida


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Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the most important legume crop in the world, providing low-cost, high quality protein, minerals and dietary fiber for human nutrition. The crop was originated from diversity centers in America and exhibits adaptation abilities to different environmental conditions, including soil with low pH. Acid soils occupy 30% of the agro ecosystem areas in the world. In Madeira, acid Andosols and unsatured Cambisols are the dominant groups of soils. Generally, under acidic and infertile conditions, besides of H+ toxicity, soluble aluminium (Al) is the most important abiotic factor limiting plant development and crop productivity. In the field, the hidden roots are also affected and the reduction of root growth under Al stress can be clearly observed in early stages. Seedlings of fifty bean accessions from the Archipelago of Madeira were tested under controlled conditions in the presence of 50 mM Al at pH 4.4. In general, the tested germplasm appeared to be sensitive or very sensitive to Al toxicity. However, fifteen traditional cultivars clearly exhibited elevated Al-tolerance, with an average root relative elongation (RRE) exceeding 50%, while top six accessions surpassed the 60% RRE mark. The Madeira bean germplasm is a valuable resource for sustainable crop production in acid soils and it could be used as parental lines in breeding programs aimed for Al tolerance in common beans.

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Since the fifteen century, the rainfed-cultivation of wheat for grain is traditionally performed on the Island of Madeira. Under several microclimatic conditions and along very sloppy mountains, the landraces are grown on isolated terraces of Andosols with high amounts of iron. Iron oxides are the main inorganic binding agent contributing to the stability of aggregates and to soil fertility in long-term sustainable agriculture in acid and iron-rich soils. After a two day period of seedling initial growth, a screening test of sixty traditional wheat (Triticum spp.) landraces from the ISOPlexis Genebank at the University of Madeira, Funchal, was performed using nutrient solutions containing 10 or 600 mM Fe, during five days, under controlled laboratory conditions. The elongation of the longest primary root was measured for each genotype and the mean root increment relative to control (as, % relative root increment or RRI; n=28) calculated. This parameter appeared to be a sensitive indicator of Fe tolerance in wheat. Over 85% of wheat germplasm showed the RRI higher than 50%, while the RRI of seven accessions exceeded 70%. This indicates that those landraces are Fe tolerant and might be of particular interest for cultivation under acid rich iron soils of tropical and subtropical areas.

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Legumes are bee-pollinated, but to a different extent. The importance of the plant– pollinator interplay (PPI), in flowering crops such as legumes lies in a combination of the importance of pollination for the production service and breeding strategies, plus the increasing urgency in mitigating the decline of pollinators through the development and implementation of conservation measures. To realize the full potential of the PPI, a multidisciplinary approach is required. This article assembles an international team of genebank managers, geneticists, plant breeders, experts on environmental governance and agro-ecology, and comprises several sections. The contributions in these sections outline both the state of the art of knowledge in the field and the novel aspects under development, and encompass a range of reviews, opinions and perspectives. The first three sections explore the role of PPI in legume breeding strategies. PPI based approaches to crop improvement can make it possible to adapt and re-design breeding strategies to meet both goals of: (1) optimal productivity, based on an efficient use of pollinators, and (2) biodiversity conservation. The next section deals with entomological aspects and focuses on the protection of the “pest control service” and pollinators in legume crops. The final section addresses general approaches to encourage the synergybetweenfoodproductionandpollinationservicesatfarmerfieldlevel.Twobasic approaches are proposed: (a) Farming with Alternative Pollinators and (b) Crop Design System.

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Context - It is well recognized that celiac disease is an immune-mediated systemic disorder highly prevalent among relatives of celiac patients. Objectives - The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of celiac disease in a group of first degree relatives of celiac children, and to access the frequency of human leukocyte antigen HLA-DQ2 and DQ8 in celiac disease patients and their affected relatives. Methods - A survey was conducted of 39 children with celiac disease with follow-up in the Pediatric outpatient’s clinic of Dr. Nélio Mendonça Hospital, in Madeira Island, Portugal. Were invited 110 first degree relatives to undergo serological screen for celiac disease with IgA antibody to human recombinant tissue transglutaminase (IgA-TGG) quantification. In all seropositive relatives, small intestinal biopsy and HLA typing was recommended. Results - HLA- typing was performed in 38 celiac patients, 28/74% DQ2 positive, 1/2% DQ8 positive and 9/24% incomplete DQ2. Positive IgA-TGG was found in five out of the 95 relatives, and CD was diagnosed in three of them. Three relatives had the presence of HLA-DQ2, two were DQ2 incomplete (DQB1*02). Conclusion - The prevalence of celiac disease among first degree celiac patients´ relatives was 3.1%, 4.5 times higher than the general Portuguese population (0,7%) witch reinforces the need of extensive diagnostic screening in this specific group. HLA-DQ2 typing may be a tool in the diagnostic approach.

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A associação da molécula HLA-B27 com a espondilite anquilosante (AS) e outras espondilartropatias (SpA), permanece como uma das mais fortes verificada entre moléculas HLA e doenças humanas. Desde que foi descrita, em 1973, tem sido alvo de intensa investigação na tentativa de compreender o mecanismo patogénico que lhe está subjacente. Este artigo tem como objectivo fazer uma revisão dos conhecimentos actuais relativos à estrutura e polimorfismo da molécula HLA-B27, bem como descrever os modelos propostos para explicar o seu papel no desenvolvimento das espondilartropatias.

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Para reduzir a pegada ecológica global ou regional e contribuir para um desenvolvimento mais sustentável, sistemas mais eficientes de gestão dos resíduos, que proporcionem taxas mais elevadas de reciclagem, são essenciais. Os sistemas de recolha de resíduos sólidos urbanos baseados em apenas duas fracções, numa das quais se recolhem os resíduos orgânicos para compostagem (fracção “Húmidos”) e na outra os resíduos de embalagens para triagem e reciclagem (fracção “Secos”), têm possibilitado, em várias partes do mundo, uma maior participação do público e aumentos substanciais nas taxas de reciclagem. No sentido de avaliar a implementação deste sistema em regiões como a da Madeira, foi desenvolvido o projecto-piloto “Reciclar é Mais Fácil” no Sítio da Fajã do Penedo, Concelho de São Vicente, na Ilha da Madeira (Portugal). O projecto-piloto envolveu 21 famílias possibilitando a reciclagem de 94% de todo o vidro, plástico/metal e papel/cartão produzido, valor substancialmente mais elevado do que o obtido pelo sistema implementado na Região Autónoma da Madeira (21%). No âmbito deste programa foi desenvolvida uma avaliação custo-benefício para a implementação deste sistema no concelho de São Vicente, tendo-se concluído da sua elevada competitividade com o sistema actualmente implementado. O sistema de recolha “Secos e Húmidos” apresentou um custo líquido de 36 euros por tonelada, contra 143 euros no sistema actual, por força dos dividendos obtidos com a reciclagem.

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Dissertação de mest. em Observação e Análise da Relação Educativa, Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e Sociais, Univ. do Algarve, 2003

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O objetivo do artigo foi abordar o problema da integração entre epidemiologia e ciências humanas e sociais no contexto da integração das ciências. A epidemiologia, anteriormente ao surgimento da medicina moderna, apresentava uma cosmovisão que concebia processos de saúde e doença integrados a aspectos geográficos, históricos, econômicos e sociais. A dissociação que marcou seu desenvolvimento posterior foi decorrente das concepções de corpo e doença construídas pelas ciências da vida e medicina moderna. Para pensar a integração entre ciências humanas e sociais e epidemiologia, na sua ligação com a biologia, é necessário interrogar a cisão entre natureza e cultura, inscrita no desenvolvimento das ciências. O conceito de normatividade vital, proposto por Canguilhem, e a discussão de Bohr sobre as relações entre física atômica, biologia e unidade do conhecimento são tratados com a perspectiva de refletir sobre desafios contemporâneos da integração entre as ciências.

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Tese apresentada para o cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Doutor no ramo de Ciências Musicais