Constitutional provisions, statutes and public regulations governing railroads and other common carriers in the state of Virginia. January 1, 1909.

Robert R. Prentis, chairman.

��lbum art��stico [Texto impreso] : recuerdo de la feria y de exposición de Valencia

[1] : Himno para la apertura de la exposición regional de Valencia / T. Llorente ; m��sica del maestro D. Salvador Giner (letra) -- [2] : Prech a la Verge : salve valenciana /Jacinto Labaila ; m��sica Asenjo Barbieri (letra) -- [3] : Trova valenciana / letra de V. Iranzo, m��sica de M. Penella (partitura) -- [4] : L��grimas del coraz��n / J. Rodriguez Guzman (letra) -- [5] : Teresa : polka / A. Pay�� (partitura) -- [6] : La musa valenciana / Victor Iranzo Simon (letra) -- [7] : Canci��n / Jos�� Jord�� (partitura) -- [8] : [Dier��n las noches sus brisas...] / Rafael M�� Liern (letra) -- [9] : A Valencia /Jacinto Labaila (letra) -- [10] : Gavota para piano / Vicente Peydr�� (partitura) -- [11] : La llauradora / Vicente Peydr�� (letra)

Re : Why optometry must work from urban and regional Aboriginal health services

We are writing to support the recent Viewpoint written by Anjou, Boudville and Taylor ���Why optometry must work in Aboriginal Health Services in urban and regional Australia���.[1] We are a group of optometrists who provide optometric services within Aboriginal Health Services in urban and regional settings and we agree that access to optometry in Aboriginal Health Services should be supported and expanded in an effort to ���close the gap��� for vision.

Analysis of the needs of the East Coast cluster regional natural resource management bodies in relation to planning for climate change adaptation

The Climate Change Adaptation for Natural Resource Management (NRM) in East Coast Australia Project aims to foster and support an effective ���community of practice��� for climate change adaptation within the East Coast Cluster NRM regions that will increase the capacity for adaptation to climate change through enhancements in knowledge and skills and through the establishment of long���term collaborations. It is being delivered by six consortium research partners: * The University of Queensland (project lead) * Griffith University * University of the Sunshine Coast * CSIRO * New South Wales Office of Environment and Heritage * Queensland Department of Science, IT, Innovation and the Arts (Queensland Herbarium). The project relates to the East Coast Cluster, comprising the six coastal NRM regions and regional bodies between Rockhampton and Sydney: * Fitzroy Basin Association (FBA) * Burnett���Mary Regional Group (BMRG) * SEQ Catchments (SEQC) * Northern Rivers Catchment Management Authority (CMA) (NRCMA) * Hunter���Central Rivers CMA (HCRCMA) * Hawkesbury Nepean CMA (HNCMA). The aims of this report are to summarise the needs of the regional bodies in relation to NRM planning for climate change adaptation, and provide a basis for developing the detailed work plan for the research consortium. Two primary methods were used to identify the needs of the regional bodies: (1) document analysis of the existing NRM/ Catchment Action Plans (CAPs) and applications by the regional bodies for funding under Stream 1 of the Regional NRM Planning for Climate Change Fund, and; (2) a needs analysis workshop, held in May 2013 involving representatives from the research consortium partners and the regional bodies. The East Coast Cluster includes five of the ten largest significant urban areas in Australia, world heritage listed natural environments, significant agriculture, mining and extensive grazing. The three NSW CMAs have recently completed strategic level CAPs, with implementation plans to be finalised in 2014/2015. SEQC and FBA are beginning a review of their existing NRM Plans, to be completed in 2014 and 2015 respectively; while BMRG is aiming to produce a NRM and Climate Variability Action Strategy. The regional bodies will receive funding from the Australian Government through the Regional NRM Planning for Climate Change Fund (NRM Fund) to improve regional planning for climate change and help guide the location of carbon and biodiversity activities, including wildlife corridors. The bulk of the funding will be available for activities in 2013/2014, with smaller amounts available in subsequent years. Most regional bodies aim to have a large proportion of the planning work complete by the end of 2014. In addition, NSW CMAs are undergoing major structural change and will be incorporated into semi���autonomous statutory Local Land Services bodies from 2014. Boundaries will align with local government boundaries and there will be significant change in staff and structures. The regional bodies in the cluster have a varying degree of climate knowledge. All plans recognise climate change as a key driver of change, but there are few specific actions or targets addressing climate change. Regional bodies also have varying capacity to analyse large volumes of spatial or modelling data. Due to the complex nature of natural resource management, all regional bodies work with key stakeholders (e.g. local government, industry groups, and community groups) to deliver NRM outcomes. Regional bodies therefore require project outputs that can be used directly in stakeholder engagement activities, and are likely to require some form of capacity building associated with each of the outputs to maximise uptake. Some of the immediate needs of the regional bodies are a summary of information or tools that are able to be used immediately; and a summary of the key outputs and milestone dates for the project, to facilitate alignment of planning activities with research outputs. A project framework is useful to show the linkages between research elements and the relevance of the research to the adaptive management cycle for NRM planning in which the regional bodies are engaged. A draft framework is proposed to stimulate and promote discussion on research elements and linkages; this will be refined during and following the development of the detailed project work plan. The regional bodies strongly emphasised the need to incorporate a shift to a systems based resilience approach to NRM planning, and that approach is included in the framework. The regional bodies identified that information on climate projections would be most useful at regional and subregional scale, to feed into scenario planning and impact analysis. Outputs should be ���engagement ready��� and there is a need for capacity building to enable regional bodies to understand and use the projections in stakeholder engagement. There was interest in understanding the impacts of climate change projections on ecosystems (e.g. ecosystem shift), and the consequent impacts on the production of ecosystem services. It was emphasised that any modelling should be able to be used by the regional bodies with their stakeholders to allow for community input (i.e. no black box models). The online regrowth benefits tool was of great interest to the regional bodies, as spatial mapping of carbon farming opportunities would be relevant to their funding requirements. The NSW CMAs identified an interest in development of the tool for NSW vegetation types. Needs relating to socio���economic information included understanding the socio���economic determinants of carbon farming uptake and managing community expectations. A need was also identified to understand the vulnerability of industry groups as well as community to climate change impacts, and in particular understanding how changes in the flow of ecosystem services would interact with the vulnerability of these groups to impact on the linked ecologicalsocio���economic system. Responses to disasters (particularly flooding and storm surge) and recovery responses were also identified as being of interest. An ecosystem services framework was highlighted as a useful approach to synthesising biophysical and socioeconomic information in the context of a systems based, resilience approach to NRM planning. A need was identified to develop processes to move towards such an approach to NRM planning from the current asset management approach. Examples of best practice in incorporating climate science into planning, using scenarios for stakeholder engagement in planning and processes for institutionalising learning were also identified as cross���cutting needs. The over���arching theme identified was the need for capacity building for the NRM bodies to best use the information available at any point in time. To this end a planners working group has been established to support the building of a network of informed and articulate NRM agents with knowledge of current climate science and capacity to use current tools to engage stakeholders in NRM planning for climate change adaptation. The planners working group would form the core group of the community of practice, with the broader group of stakeholders participating when activities aligned with their interests. In this way, it is anticipated that the Project will contribute to building capacity within the wider community to effectively plan for climate change adaptation.

NOAA Coastal Change Analysis Program (C-CAP): Guidance for Regional Implementation

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: The Coastal Change Analysis Programl (C-CAP) is developing a nationally standardized database on landcover and habitat change in the coastal regions of the United States. C-CAP is part of the Estuarine Habitat Program (EHP) of NOAA's Coastal Ocean Program (COP). C-CAP inventories coastal submersed habitats, wetland habitats, and adjacent uplands and monitors changes in these habitats on a one- to five-year cycle. This type of information and frequency of detection are required to improve scientific understanding of the linkages of coastal and submersed wetland habitats with adjacent uplands and with the distribution, abundance, and health of living marine resources. The monitoring cycle will vary according to the rate and magnitude of change in each geographic region. Satellite imagery (primarily Landsat Thematic Mapper), aerial photography, and field data are interpreted, classified, analyzed, and integrated with other digital data in a geographic information system (GIS). The resulting landcover change databases are disseminated in digital form for use by anyone wishing to conduct geographic analysis in the completed regions. C-CAP spatial information on coastal change will be input to EHP conceptual and predictive models to support coastal resource policy planning and analysis. CCAP products will include 1) spatially registered digital databases and images, 2) tabular summaries by state, county, and hydrologic unit, and 3) documentation. Aggregations to larger areas (representing habitats, wildlife refuges, or management districts) will be provided on a case-by-case basis. Ongoing C-CAP research will continue to explore techniques for remote determination of biomass, productivity, and functional status of wetlands and will evaluate new technologies (e.g. remote sensor systems, global positioning systems, image processing algorithms) as they become available. Selected hardcopy land-cover change maps will be produced at local (1:24,000) to regional scales (1:500,000) for distribution. Digital land-cover change data will be provided to users for the cost of reproduction. Much of the guidance contained in this document was developed through a series of professional workshops and interagency meetings that focused on a) coastal wetlands and uplands; b) coastal submersed habitat including aquatic beds; c) user needs; d) regional issues; e) classification schemes; f) change detection techniques; and g) data quality. Invited participants included technical and regional experts and representatives of key State and Federal organizations. Coastal habitat managers and researchers were given an opportunity for review and comment. This document summarizes C-CAP protocols and procedures that are to be used by scientists throughout the United States to develop consistent and reliable coastal change information for input to the C-CAP nationwide database. It also provides useful guidelines for contributors working on related projects. It is considered a working document subject to periodic review and revision.(PDF file contains 104 pages.)

An��lisis del arrendamiento como alternativa en la pol��tica de vivienda de inter��s social en Colombia. Lecciones y reflexiones aprendidas a partir de la experiencia de Sud��frica

Los esfuerzos de la presente investigaci��n se concentran en el cumplimiento del objetivo principal, el cual consiste en analizar el arrendamiento como un programa que puede ser incorporado en la pol��tica de vivienda en Colombia, para dar respuesta de forma transitoria y/o temporal de alojamiento a los hogares con ingresos iguales o inferiores a dos salarios m��nimos, ya que actualmente la pol��tica sectorial no incorpora esta forma tenencia de la vivienda para ofertar soluciones habitacionales. El arrendamiento tiene rasgos interesantes e importantes de destacar, tales como que ��l mismo constituye una forma de tenencia de vivienda eminentemente urbana. Adem��s, es un mercado al que acuden todos los estratos socioecon��micos, por lo cual no es un mercado segregado. Igualmente, al relacionar ��sta tenencia con el territorio y por ende con la econom��a espacial, se puede decir que no existe segregaci��n socio-espacial muy pronunciada frente a la distribuci��n urbana de la tenencia de la vivienda en arrendamiento. En este sentido, la tenencia de la vivienda en forma de arrendamiento se presenta en todo el territorio urbano de Cali, Medell��n y Bogot��.

An��lisis comparado del ordenamiento territorial a escala regional de Barcelona y el Randsad 2005 ��� 2013. Reflexiones para el caso colombiano

El presente estudio quiere analizar la construcci��n de la dimensi��n regional como proceso de interacci��n entre el conjunto de asentamientos humanos y de unas relaciones pol��ticas, jur��dicas, hist��ricas, econ��micas y funcionales alrededor de ese espacio determinado que aborda la interdependencia territorial. A partir de la concepci��n que la aglomeraci��n urbana es intr��nsecamente regional, el trabajo aborda tres casos de estudio: el Randstad en Holanda, el ��rea Metropolitana de Barcelona y la Mesa de Planificaci��n Regional Bogot�� ��� Cundinamarca como configuraciones que permiten la formaci��n de acuerdos coordinados b��sicos para un abordaje integral de la gesti��n del territorio. De las particularidades de cada caso se elaboran comparaciones que establecen que la configuraci��n de acuerdos regionales es influida por una pr��ctica pol��tica y de ordenamiento territorial determinada. Fundament��ndose en la comparaci��n, el aparte final el texto establece establecen algunas orientaciones para la consolidaci��n regional en Colombia como proceso de apoderamiento de lo local.

Cuando el 's��ndrome del calendario' amenaza : distr��s laboral en educaci��n.

1) Describir las manifestaciones del distr��s entre los profesionales (sintomatolog��a). 2) Determinar las posibles causas o desencadenantes del distr��s laboral en educaci��n especial. 3) Analizar los costes y consecuencias del distr��s en los docentes de la educaci��n especial. 4) Ofrecer estrategias y recursos para reducir las manifestaciones del distr��s laboral. Dos perfiles profesionales diferentes. El primero una profesional novel con motivaci��n vocacional por la educaci��n especial que ha de enfrentarse a situaciones novedosas y el segundo, una profesional veterana, con 14 a��os de experiencia. El trabajo se desarroll�� a trav��s del estudio de casos que el autor consider�� como un m��todo, un proceso l��gico y sistem��tico que le permiti�� comprobar la veracidad de una serie de afirmaciones que se refer��an a esa realidad de inter��s. Este m��todo facilitaba el mejor conocimiento de aspectos relevantes de una realidad educativa en Espa��a: el desgaste profesional en educaci��n especial. Se utiliz�� como herramienta de exploraci��n y como intento de construcci��n de una teor��a social en torno al distr��s laboral en educaci��n especial y permiti�� una aproximaci��n a los protagonistas del estudio para comprender e interpretar su comportamiento con ciertas garant��as. El an��lisis de datos para conocer la sintomatolog��a de distr��s en los casos, las fuentes desencadenantes, sus costes y consecuencias y las estrategias de afrontamiento fue abordado desde un modelo interactivo e integrador. El autor elabor�� un modelo que integraba una serie de variables a nivel psicosom��tico, emocional, conductual y cognitivo que aportaron gran cantidad de datos. Se dio una fase de reducci��n de datos a trav��s de procesos de categorizaci��n y de codificaci��n de la informaci��n. Primero se separaron las unidades de an��lisis someti��ndolas a un proceso de categorizaci��n clasific��ndolas en funci��n de dimensiones que permitiesen otorgar significado a la informaci��n. Fue seguido de un proceso de codificaci��n en el que se asign�� a cada unidad un indicativo propio de la categor��a en la que se incluye. Este sistema categorial suministr�� la base para realizar un an��lisis de los flujo de conducta manifestados; identificar patrones de conducta dentro de las secuencias en curso; identificar y construir nuevas unidades de an��lisis; verificar los patrones idendtificados a trav��s de distintos momentos y situaciones; y analizar los datos desde diversas perspectivas complementarias. Estudio de casos. Muestreo motivado para la elecci��n de los casos. Los resultados se estructuran ordenadamente correspondi��ndose con los objetivos del estudio: 1) Mejoraron las infraestructuras en los centros, aunque no suficientemente. La media en Espa��a es de 7.3 ordenadores conectados a Internet por cada 100 alumnos, lo que arrojaba un ratio de 13.6 alumnos por ordenador conectado, y se marc�� como objetivo reducir la ratio a 12. 2) El uso de los distintos colectivos en el centro se increment��, aunque las tasas eran muy bajas. En los alumnos pas�� de una media de 1.34 horas a la semana a 2.31 de media. En los profesores, coordinadores y directores, incrementaron el tiempo de conexi��n, se redujo el porcentaje que no se conect�� nunca a Internet, pero el uso con los alumnos se mantuvo en cotas muy bajas. 3) Los alumnos mejoraron su nivel de conocimiento y manejo de Internet y el porcentaje de los que no sab��an manejar Internet baj�� de un 21.3 a un 5.3 por ciento. En el caso de los directores el porcentaje de los que no sab��an utilizarlo pas�� de un 6 a un 0, mientras que en el colectivo de profesores la proporci��n se redujo de un 23 a un 8 por ciento. 4) En los alumnos las actitudes frente a Internet mejoraron y manifestaban su compromiso a formarse y participar en proyectos que usasen Internet. En los colectivos profesionales las actitudes eran favorables con algunas connotaciones criticas en torno al fen��meno, disminuyendo las criticas a ver Internet como mecanismo de incremento de las diferencias, imposici��n de los grupos dominantes, sensaci��n de ser desbordados por el fen��meno, etc.. Opinaron que Internet es un fen��meno imparable e indiscutible. 5) En los alumnos increment�� la valoraci��n de que Internet mejora la calidad de la educaci��n, ayudando las actividades escolares, a compa��eros, aportando medios y recursos y mejorando la motivaci��n para trabajar. Los tres colectivos profesionales manifestaban que Internet mejora el acceso a la informaci��n , aumenta la motivaci��n, enriquece la metodolog��a, etc. El ��tem que se refer��a al aumento de la satisfacci��n del profesor por usar Internet disminu��a ligeramente en los profesores y coordinadores. 6) S��lo se analizaron los resultados del colectivo profesional seg��n las cuales en lo que respecta a la infraestructura b��sica y de apoyo el grado de acuerdo sobre la necesidad de su potenciaci��n fue casi un��nime y elevad��simo. En el apartado de formaci��n se reclamaban un��nimemente estructuras estables, planes sostenidos de formaci��n, profesorado especializado, etc, y en el apartado referido a webs educativas y funcionalidades se reclamaba un web educativa de la administraci��n, que los centros dispusiesen de web propia, la existencia de buenas bases de datos con experiencias de calidad ejemplificadoras, etc. 7) En todos los sectores aument�� el uso de Internet en el aula, mejor�� la formaci��n y la actitud, se��alando que los directores eran m��s conscientes de la carencias propias del sistema y que se redujo la visi��n general negativa sobre el efecto de Internet. Resalt�� el hecho de que en los colectivos -alumnos, profesores y directores- la disposici��n e implicaci��n personal hacia el uso de Internet en el aula disminuy��. 8) Se encontraron signos de actualizaci��n de la web del centro en el periodo de observaci��n. Se confirm�� la mejora en las infraestructuras relacionadas con la TIC, aunque segu��an siendo insuficientes. Se produjo una evoluci��n positiva en lo relativo a utilizaci��n de herramientas inform��ticas y telem��ticas y en su uso curricular. Se increment�� la formaci��n, tanto de los responsable de TIC como de los profesores. En relaci��n con la gesti��n el uso de las TIC en la administraci��n y en la biblioteca tambi��n avanz��. En relaci��n con los procesos y experiencias de innovaci��n se uso la web del centro como espacio para la innovaci��n en TIC. 9) SE elabor�� la web http://ute.uv.es/ontev/. estructurada en cuatro apartados: Evaluaci��n; ONTEV; Buenas pr��cticas; y Cu��ntanos. Integra los elementos del actual estudio e incluir�� los resultados. Estar��a destinada al intercambio de experiencias y a experiencias y proyectos de calidad y software funcional para uso educativo y curricular dise��ado por los profesores de la Comunidad Valenciana. 1) No debemos entender la salud mental en el trabajo como una falta de enfermedad sino tambi��n como la ausencia de bienestar f��sico, ps��quico, emocional y social por lo que la diferenciaci��n entre 'estr��s como trastorno', 'estr��s como s��ntoma' y 'estr��s como s��ndrome' se hace imprescindible para ofrecer el apoyo m��s adecuado al profesional. 2) La aparici��n de sintomatolog��a burnout no es un acontecimiento puntual, abrupto y repentino sino que se va forjando a lo largo de un proceso a trav��s de al exposición repetida a determinadas situaciones valoradas por la persona como de da��o o p��rdida amenaza o desaf��o. 3) Los aspectos inherentes al trabajo en el ��mbito de la educaci��n de las personas con discapacidad ps��quica y trastornos mentales asociados pueden actuar como detonantes o factores de riesgo de un posible proceso de distr��s laboral. 3) La sintomatolog��a burnout detectada a nivel som��tico, emocional, conductual y cognitivo no mantienen una relaci��n directa con las caracter��sticas personales, organizacionales del centro educativo, el rol profesional o el apoyo socio-emocional que recibe la persona sino que dicha sintomatolog��a parece condicionada por la valoraci��n cognitiva primaria que la persona hace de estos factores personales y contextuales. 4) Las evaluaciones cognitivas primarias de percepci��n de da��o, p��rdida o amneaza aparecen mayormente relacionadas con factores organizaciones, de apoyo social y de ambig��edad o conflicto de rol, y no tanto en relaci��n con el trabajo en atenci��n directa con el alumnado con discapacidad ps��quica y trastornos mentales asociados. 5) Se confirma, en ambos casos, las hip��tesis de trabajo presentadas al inicio de la investigaci��n: El desajuste existente entre demandas del trabajo y los recursos del profesional desencadenan procesos de distr��s laboral, insatisfacci��n y desmotivaci��n. La situaci��n de desmotivaci��n provocada por el desajuste entre demandas del medio educativo y recursos del profesional tienden a reducir el esfuerzo del profesional, su efectividad, su productividad. El incremento de la tensi��n y el malestar docente generan estrategias de evitaci��n, bloqueo y pasividad. Los procesos de distr��s se van configurando en funci��n de la manera como cada persona afronta las situaciones estresantes en su centro educativo. 6) Los costes y consecuencias derivados de la vivencia de distr��s no solamente afectan sintomatol��gicamente a la persona en un continuum de bienestar, malestar f��sico, ps��quico, efectividad en el trabajo y a la calidad de la atenci��n educativa que se ofrece a las personas con discapacidad ps��quica y trastornos mentales asociados. 7) La inclusi��n en la formaci��n de estrategias de afrontamiento activo frente a las situaciones estresantes aumentar�� los recursos personales de los profesionales para hacer frente a los procesos de distr��s.

Avalia����o geoambiental em ��reas de cerrado no tri��ngulo mineiro para implanta����o de pequenos reservat��rios superficiais de ��gua: aplica����o na folha de Tupaciguara, MG (1:100.000)

P��s-gradua����o em Geoci��ncias e Meio Ambiente - IGCE

A Nationwide Study on Breast Cancer Risk in Postmenopausal Women Using Hormone Therapy in Finland

Since national differences exist in genes, environment, diet and life habits and also in the use of postmenopausal hormone therapy (HT), the associations between different hormone therapies and the risk for breast cancer were studied among Finnish postmenopausal women. All Finnish women over 50 years of age who used HT were identified from the national medical reimbursement register, established in 1994, and followed up for breast cancer incidence (n= 8,382 cases) until 2005 with the aid of the Finnish Cancer Registry. The risk for breast cancer in HT users was compared to that in the general female population of the same age. Among women using oral or transdermal estradiol alone (ET) (n = 110,984) during the study period 1994-2002 the standardized incidence ratio (SIR) for breast cancer in users for < 5 years was 0.93 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.80���1.04), and in users for ��� 5 years 1.44 (1.29���1.59). This therapy was associated with similar rises in ductal and lobular types of breast cancer. Both localized stage (1.45; 1.26���1.66) and cancers spread to regional nodes (1.35; 1.09���1.65) were associated with the use of systemic ET. Oral estriol or vaginal estrogens were not accompanied with a risk for breast cancer. The use of estrogen-progestagen therapy (EPT) in the study period 1994-2005 (n= 221,551) was accompanied with an increased incidence of breast cancer (1.31;1.20-1.42) among women using oral or transdermal EPT for 3-5 years, and the incidence increased along with the increasing duration of exposure (���10 years, 2.07;1.84-2.30). Continuous EPT entailed a significantly higher (2.44; 2.17-2.72) breast cancer incidence compared to sequential EPT (1.78; 1.64-1.90) after 5 years of use. The use of norethisterone acetate (NETA) as a supplement to estradiol was accompanied with a higher incidence of breast cancer after 5 years of use (2.03; 1.88-2.18) than that of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) (1.64; 1.49-1.79). The SIR for the lobular type of breast cancer was increased within 3 years of EPT exposure (1.35; 1.18-1.53), and the incidence of the lobular type of breast cancer (2.93; 2.33-3.64) was significantly higher than that of the ductal type (1.92; 1.67-2.18) after 10 years of exposure. To control for some confounding factors, two case control studies were performed. All Finnish women between the ages of 50-62 in 1995-2007 and diagnosed with a first invasive breast cancer (n= 9,956) were identified from the Finnish Cancer Registry, and 3 controls of similar age (n=29,868) without breast cancer were retrieved from the Finnish national population registry. Subjects were linked to the medical reimbursement register for defining the HT use. The use of ET was not associated with an increased risk for breast cancer (1.00; 0.92-1.08). Neither was progestagen-only therapy used less than 3 years. However, the use of tibolone was associated with an elevated risk for breast cancer (1.39; 1.07-1.81). The case-control study confirmed the results of EPT regarding sequential vs. continuous use of progestagen, including progestagen released continuously by an intrauterine device; the increased risk was seen already within 3 years of use (1.65;1.32-2.07). The dose of NETA was not a determinant as regards the breast cancer risk. Both systemic ET, and EPT are associated with an elevation in the risk for breast cancer. These risks resemble to a large extent those seen in several other countries. The use of an intrauterine system alone or as a complement to systemic estradiol is also associated with a breast cancer risk. These data emphasize the need for detailed information to women who are considering starting the use of HT.

A Method for siting and prioritizing the removal of derelict vessels in Florida Coastal Waters: test applications in the Florida Keys

Increased boating activities and new waterfront developments have contributed an estimated 3,000 dismantled, abandoned, junked, wrecked, derelict vessels to Florida coastal waters. This report outlines a method of siting and prioritizing derelict vessel removal using the Florida Keys as a test area. The data base was information on 240 vessels, obtained from Florida Marine Patrol files. Vessel location was plotted on 1:250,000 regional and 1:5,000 and 1:12,000 site maps. Type of vessel, length, hull material, engine, fuel tanks, overall condition, afloat and submerged characteristics, and accessibility, were used to derive parametric site indices of removal priority and removal difficulty. Results indicate 59 top priority cases which should be the focus of immediate clean up efforts in the Florida Keys. Half of these cases are rated low to moderate in removal difficulty; the remainder are difficult to remove. Removal difficulty is a surrogate for removal cost: low difficulty -low cost, high difficulty - high cost. The rating scheme offers coastal planners options of focusing removal operations either on (1) specific areas with clusters of high priority derelict vessels or on (2) selected targeted derelicts at various, specific locations. (PDF has 59 pages.)