218 resultados para ETILENO
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160 p. (Bibliogr. 141-160)
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Neste trabalho foram preparados nanocompósitos de elastômeros termoplásticos à base de PP/EPDM/argila organofílica. Foram utilizados como agentes interfaciais polipropileno e terpolímero de etileno-propileno-dieno ambos modificados com grupos anidrido maleico, PP-MA e EPDM-MA, respectivamente. Dois tipos de argila organofílica, que se diferenciam pela estrutura química do surfactante e conseqüentemente pela estabilidade térmica, foram empregados como carga inorgânica. Os nanocompósitos foram preparados pela técnica de intercalação por fusão em câmara interna de mistura e a incorporação da argila foi feita pela adição de masterbatches previamente preparados. Foram investigadas as propriedades de tração, reométricas e ainda a morfologia (cristalinidade e estrutura obtida) dos nanocompósitos a fim de estabelecer a influência do tipo e quantidade de argila organofílica e agente interfacial. Os resultados mostraram que a adição de agente interfacial melhorou a dispersão da argila organofílica na matriz de PP/EPDM, particularmente o PP-MA. Foram obtidos nanocompósitos com estruturas mistas intercaladas e esfoliadas, que resultaram em maiores valores de módulo de elasticidade e manutenção dos valores de deformação. As propriedades reométricas confirmaram o maior grau de dispersão da argila organofílica em nanocompósitos contendo PP-MA. Teores crescentes de argila reduziram a cristalinidade dos nanocompósitos, os quais quando reprocessados, mantiveram as características inerentes ao TPE de origem. Por fim, a estrutura do surfactante presente
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Os pesticidas etileno-bis-ditiocarbamatos da classe dos ditiocarbamatos estão entre os fungicidas mais empregados em todo o mundo para o controle de pragas. Muitos métodos para determinar ditiocarbamatos são baseados na hidrólise ácida em presença de cloreto estanoso e análise do CS2 gerado por diferentes técnicas. Nesse contexto, constituiram em objetivos do presente trabalho, como primeira etapa, o estudo de condições adequadas à estocagem de amostras de solo, e como segunda etapa, a avaliação das taxas de degradação e de lixiviação do fungicida mancozebe num cambissolo distrófico através do método espectrofotométrico. O sítio de estudo foi uma área delimitada de 36 m2, de uma cultura de couve, localizada em São Lourenço no 3 distrito do município de Nova Friburgo-RJ. As análises foram realizadas no laboratório de tecnologia ambiental (LABTAM/UERJ). Na primeira etapa, duas sub-amostras de solo contaminadas com mancozebe foram submetidas a tratamento com cloridrato de L-cisteina e estocadas às temperaturas ambiente e de -20C, sendo posteriormente analisadas em intervalos de 1, 7, 15 e 35 dias após a aplicação do fungicida. Outras duas sub-amostras não tratadas com cloridrato de L-cisteina foram submetidas às mesmas condições de temperatura e analisadas nos mesmos intervalos de tempo. Na segunda etapa, foi efetuada a aplicação do fungicida MANZATE 800 (Dupont Brasil, 80% mancozebe) na dose recomendada de 3,0 Kg ha-1 e coletadas amostras do solo nas profundidades de 0-10, 10-20 e 20-40 cm em intervalos de 2,5,8,12,15,18 e 35 dias após aplicação. As amostras de cada profundidade foram tratadas com cloridrato de L-cisteina e acondicionadas sob temperatura de -20C. Através dos resultados obtidos na primeira etapa, pôde-se concluir que o tratamento com cisteina foi eficaz para conservação do analito, tanto para a amostra mantida a -20C quanto para a amostra mantida à temperatura ambiente. Os dados obtidos na segunda etapa do estudo mostraram que mancozebe apresentou comportamento semelhante ao descrito na literatura, para persistência no solo. Os resultados de lixiviação mostraram que nas condições pelas quais foi conduzido o experimento, resíduos de mancozebe foram detectados em profundidades de até 40 cm, porém através dos modelos de potencial de lixiviação, concluiu-se que o fungicida não oferece risco de contaminação de águas subterrâneas
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A aplicação tópica do hidrogel Pluronic F-127 (poli(óxido de etileno)99-poli(óxido de propileno)65-poli(óxido de etileno)99, PEO99-PPO65-PEO99) contendo um doador de óxido nítrico, a S-nitrosoglutationa (GSNO) é conhecida por exercer efeitos benéficos no reparo tecidual cutâneo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da aplicação tópica do hidrogel Pulronic F-127 contendo um doador de óxido nítrico no reparo tecidual de lesões isquêmicas. Ratos Wistar machos foram submetidos a duas lesões incisionais paralelas no dorso, a pele foi separada do tecido subjacente, as incisões foram suturadas e uma lesão excisional foi feita entre elas para criar uma condição isquêmica ao redor da lesão. Os animais foram separados em grupo controle, que recebeu a aplicação apenas do hidrogel sem doador de óxido nítrico e grupo tratado, que recebeu a aplicação do hidrogel contendo o doador de óxido nítrico. Os animais foram tratados por 7 dias consecutivos com uma aplicação diária dos hidrogéis. O grupo tratado apresentou taxas mais altas de contração e re-epitelização, menor quantidade de células inflamatórias, um aumento na densidade e organização de fibras colágenas e uma diminuição na neovascularização 14 dias após a lesão, comparado ao grupo controle. Esses resultados indicam que a aplicação tópica do gel doador de óxido nítrico é eficaz no tratamento de lesões isquêmicas em ratos, levando a uma melhora significativa na cicatrização. Consequentemente, a aplicação tópica de um hidrogel contendo doador de óxido nítrico poderá ter, futuramente, potencial para o tratamento terapêutico de úlceras venosas e decorrentes de diabetes.
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Nanocompósitos de poliamida 6 (PA6) e montmorilonita modificada com sal de amônio quaternário têm sido estudados, visando melhorar as propriedades térmicas e mecânicas. De fato os efeitos da nano-escala e da interação carga-matriz resultam em maior módulo de elasticidade e resistência à tração, porém a deformação é reduzida. Assim, nesse trabalho, optou-se por adicionar elastômeros, terpolímero de etileno-propileno-dieno (EPDM) e terpolímero de etileno-propileno-dieno modificado com anidrido maleico (EPDM-MA), ao sistema PA 6/argila organofílica para recuperar os valores de deformação. Foi utilizada montmorilonita modificada com cloreto de dimetildioctadecil amônio. A intercalação por fusão foi realizada em câmara interna de mistura. Além das propriedades mecânicas, térmicas e reológicas, foram investigadas as modificações na cristalinidade da fase PA-6 em função da adição da argila modificada, EPDM e EPDM-MA, detectando-se as variações no grau de cristalinidade e nas temperaturas de fusão e cristalização. Os difratogramas de raios-x revelaram ocorrência de intercalação/esfoliação e também modificação da forma cristalina da PA 6, indicando a formação do cristal gama
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El propileno es un monómero muy versátil y es la materia prima para una amplia gama de polímeros, intermedios y productos químicos. Esta versatilidad se debe a su estructura química: al igual que el etileno, el propileno contiene un doble enlace carbono - carbono, pero a diferencia de éste, el propileno contiene también un grupo metil - alílico (un grupo metilo adyacente a un doble enlace), otorgando a los químicos, diseñadores catalíticos e ingenieros dos distintas alternativas para llevar a cabo las trasformaciones químicas, por lo que son más numerosos los derivados del propilen o que del etileno (Plotkin, 2005).
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[EN] This PhD work started in March 2010 with the support of the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) under the program named “Formación de Personal Investigador” at the Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department in the Faculty of Engineering of Bilbao. The major part of the Thesis work was carried out in the mentioned department, as a member of the Sustainable Process Engineering (SuPrEn) research group. In addition, this PhD Thesis includes the research work developed during a period of 6 months at the Institut für Mikrotechnik Mainz GmbH, IMM, in Germany. During the four years of the Thesis, conventional and microreactor systems were tested for several feedstocks renewable and non-renewable, gases and liquids through several reforming processes in order to produce hydrogen. For this purpose, new catalytic formulations which showed high activity, selectivity and stability were design. As a consequence, the PhD work performed allowed the publication of seven scientific articles in peer-reviewed journals. This PhD Thesis is divided into the following six chapters described below. The opportunity of this work is established on the basis of the transition period needed for moving from a petroleum based energy system to a renewable based new one. Consequently, the present global energy scenario was detailed in Chapter 1, and the role of hydrogen as a real alternative in the future energy system was justified based on several outlooks. Therefore, renewable and non-renewable hydrogen production routes were presented, explaining the corresponding benefits and drawbacks. Then, the raw materials used in this Thesis work were described and the most important issues regarding the processes and the characteristics of the catalytic formulations were explained. The introduction chapter finishes by introducing the concepts of decentralized production and process intensification with the use of microreactors. In addition, a small description of these innovative reaction systems and the benefits that entailed their use were also mentioned. In Chapter 2 the main objectives of this Thesis work are summarized. The development of advanced reaction systems for hydrogen rich mixtures production is the main objective. In addition, the use and comparison between two different reaction systems, (fixed bed reactor (FBR) and microreactor), the processing of renewable raw materials, the development of new, active, selective and stable catalytic formulations, and the optimization of the operating conditions were also established as additional partial objectives. Methane and natural gas (NG) steam reforming experimental results obtained when operated with microreactor and FBR systems are presented in Chapter 3. For these experiments nickel-based (Ni/Al2O3 and Ni/MgO) and noble metal-based (Pd/Al2O3 and Pt/Al2O3) catalysts were prepared by wet impregnation and their catalytic activity was measured at several temperatures, from 973 to 1073 K, different S/C ratios, from 1.0 to 2.0, and atmospheric pressure. The Weight Hourly Space Velocity (WHSV) was maintained constant in order to compare the catalytic activity in both reaction systems. The results obtained showed a better performance of the catalysts operating in microreactors. The Ni/MgO catalyst reached the highest hydrogen production yield at 1073 K and steam-to-carbon ratio (S/C) of 1.5 under Steam methane Reforming (SMR) conditions. In addition, this catalyst also showed good activity and stability under NG reforming at S/C=1.0 and 2.0. The Ni/Al2O3 catalyst also showed high activity and good stability and it was the catalyst reaching the highest methane conversion (72.9 %) and H2out/CH4in ratio (2.4) under SMR conditions at 1073 K and S/C=1.0. However, this catalyst suffered from deactivation when it was tested under NG reforming conditions. Regarding the activity measurements carried out with the noble metal-based catalysts in the microreactor systems, they suffered a very quick deactivation, probably because of the effects attributed to carbon deposition, which was detected by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). When the FBR was used no catalytic activity was measured with the catalysts under investigation, probably because they were operated at the same WHSV than the microreactors and these WHSVs were too high for FBR system. In Chapter 4 biogas reforming processes were studied. This chapter starts with an introduction explaining the properties of the biogas and the main production routes. Then, the experimental procedure carried out is detailed giving concrete information about the experimental set-up, defining the parameters measured, specifying the characteristics of the reactors used and describing the characterization techniques utilized. Each following section describes the results obtained from activity testing with the different catalysts prepared, which is subsequently summarized: Section 4.3: Biogas reforming processes using γ-Al2O3 based catalysts The activity results obtained by several Ni-based catalysts and a bimetallic Rh-Ni catalyst supported on magnesia or alumina modified with oxides like CeO2 and ZrO2 are presented in this section. In addition, an alumina-based commercial catalyst was tested in order to compare the activity results measured. Four different biogas reforming processes were studied using a FBR: dry reforming (DR), biogas steam reforming (BSR), biogas oxidative reforming (BOR) and tri-reforming (TR). For the BSR process different steam to carbon ratios (S/C) from 1.0 to 3.0, were tested. In the case of BOR process the oxygen-to-methane (O2/CH4) ratio was varied from 0.125 to 0.50. Finally, for TR processes different S/C ratios from 1.0 to 3.0, and O2/CH4 ratios of 0.25 and 0.50 were studied. Then, the catalysts which achieved high activity and stability were impregnated in a microreactor to explore the viability of process intensification. The operation with microreactors was carried out under the best experimental conditions measured in the FBR. In addition, the physicochemical characterization of the fresh and spent catalysts was carried out by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES), N2 physisorption, H2 chemisorption, Temperature Programmed Reduction (TPR), SEM, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray powder Diffraction (XRD). Operating with the FBR, conversions close to the ones predicted by thermodynamic calculations were obtained by most of the catalysts tested. The Rh-Ni/Ce-Al2O3 catalyst obtained the highest hydrogen production yield in DR. In BSR process, the Ni/Ce-Al2O3 catalyst achieved the best activity results operating at S/C=1.0. In the case of BOR process, the Ni/Ce-Zr-Al2O3 catalyst showed the highest reactants conversion values operating at O2/CH4=0.25. Finally, in the TR process the Rh-Ni/Ce-Al2O3 catalyst obtained the best results operating at S/C=1.0 and O2/CH4=0.25. Therefore, these three catalysts were selected to be coated onto microchannels in order to test its performance under BOR and TR processes conditions. Although the operation using microreactors was carried out under considerably higher WHSV, similar conversions and yields as the ones measured in FBR were measured. Furthermore, attending to other measurements like Turnover Frequency (TOF) and Hydrogen Productivity (PROD), the values calculated for the catalysts tested in microreactors were one order of magnitude higher. Thus, due to the low dispersion degree measured by H2-chemisorption, the Ni/Ce-Al2O3 catalyst reached the highest TOF and PROD values. Section 4.4: Biogas reforming processes using Zeolites L based catalysts In this section three type of L zeolites, with different morphology and size, were synthesized and used as catalyst support. Then, for each type of L zeolite three nickel monometallic and their homologous Rh-Ni bimetallic catalysts were prepared by the wetness impregnation method. These catalysts were tested using the FBR under DR process and different conditions of BSR (S/C ratio of 1.0 and 2.0), BOR (O2/CH4 ratio of 0.25 and 0.50) and TR processes (at S/C=1.0 and O2/CH4=0.25). The characterization of these catalysts was also carried out by using the same techniques mentioned in the previous section. Very high methane and carbon dioxide conversion values were measured for almost all the catalysts under investigation. The experimental results evidenced the better catalytic behavior of the bimetallic catalysts as compared to the monometallic ones. Comparing the catalysts behavior with regards to their morphology, for the BSR process the Disc catalysts were the most active ones at the lowest S/C ratio tested. On the contrary, the Cylindrical (30–60 nm) catalysts were more active under BOR conditions at O2/CH4=0.25 and TR processes. By the contrary, the Cylindrical (1–3 µm) catalysts showed the worst activity results for both processes. Section 4.5: Biogas reforming processes using Na+ and Cs+ doped Zeolites LTL based catalysts A method for the synthesis of Linde Type L (LTL) zeolite under microwave-assisted hydrothermal conditions and its behavior as a support for heterogeneously catalyzed hydrogen production is described in this section. Then, rhodium and nickel-based bimetallic catalysts were prepared in order to be tested by DR process and BOR process at O2/CH4=0.25. Moreover, the characterization of the catalysts under investigation was also carried out. Higher activities were achieved by the catalysts prepared from the non-doped zeolites, Rh-Ni/D and Rh-Ni/N, as compared to the ones supported on Na+ and Cs+ exchanged supports. However, the differences between them were not very significant. In addition, the Na+ and Cs+ incorporation affected mainly to the Disc catalysts. Comparing the results obtained by these catalysts with the ones studied in the section 4.4, in general worst results were achieved under DR conditions and almost the same results when operated under BOR conditions. In Chapter 5 the ethylene glycol (EG) as feed for syngas production by steam reforming (SR) and oxidative steam reforming (OSR) was studied by using microchannel reactors. The product composition was determined at a S/C of 4.0, reaction temperatures between 625°C and 725°C, atmospheric pressure and Volume Hourly Space Velocities (VHSV) between 100 and 300 NL/(gcath). This work was divided in two sections. The first one corresponds to the introduction of the main and most promising EG production routes. Then, the new experimental procedure is detailed and the information about the experimental set-up and the measured parameters is described. The characterization was carried out using the same techniques as for the previous chapter. Then, the next sections correspond to the catalytic activity and catalysts characterization results. Section 5.3: xRh-cm and xRh-np catalysts for ethylene glycol reforming Initially, catalysts with different rhodium loading, from 1.0 to 5.0 wt. %, and supported on α-Al2O3 were prepared by two different preparation methods (conventional impregnation and separate nanoparticle synthesis). Then, the catalysts were compared regarding their measured activity and selectivity, as well as the characterization results obtained before and after the activity tests carried out. The samples prepared by a conventional impregnation method showed generally higher activity compared to catalysts prepared from Rh nanoparticles. By-product formation of species such as acetaldehyde, ethane and ethylene was detected, regardless if oxygen was added to the feed or not. Among the catalysts tested, the 2.5Rh-cm catalyst was considered the best one. Section 5.4: 2.5Rh-cm catalyst support modification with CeO2 and La2O3 In this part of the Chapter 5, the catalyst showing the best performance in the previous section, the 2.5Rh-Al2O3 catalyst, was selected in order to be improved. Therefore, new Rh based catalysts were designed using α-Al2O3 and being modified this support with different contents of CeO2 or La2O3 oxides. All the catalysts containing additives showed complete conversion and selectivities close to the equilibrium in both SR and OSR processes. In addition, for these catalysts the concentrations measured for the C2H4, CH4, CH3CHO and C2H6 by-products were very low. Finally, the 2.5Rh-20Ce catalyst was selected according to its catalytic activity and characterization results in order to run a stability test, which lasted more than 115 hours under stable operation. The last chapter, Chapter 6, summarizes the main conclusions achieved throughout this Thesis work. Although very high reactant conversions and rich hydrogen mixtures were obtained using a fixed bed reaction system, the use of microreactors improves the key issues, heat and mass transfer limitations, through which the reforming reactions are intensified. Therefore, they seem to be a very interesting and promising alternative for process intensification and decentralized production for remote application.
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151 p.
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2007
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A pesar de que la frecuente presencia de dormición en frutos de girasol (Helianthus annuus) suele dificultar las tareas de procesamiento y utilización de los mismos como semilla, existe escasa información en relación a la regulación ambiental de la dormición en frutos de esta especie. Entre los factores ambientales que actúan como reguladores de la dormición, la temperatura ha sido identificada como uno de los principales. En este contexto, el presente trabajo tuvo por objetico principal estudiar el efecto del ambiente térmico durante las etapas de llenado y almacenaje post cosecha sobre el nivel de dormición en frutos de girasol. Como objetivos secundarios, se evaluó el efecto de 1) las estructuras del fruto (embrión y cubiertas), 2) la sensibilidad de los frutos al ácido abscísico (ABA), giberelinas (GAs) y etilieno y 3) los cambios en el contenido endógeno de ABA sobre la determinación del nivel de dormición y su relación con el ambiente térmico explorado por los frutos en ambas etapas. Mayores temperaturas durante el llenado determinaron mayores niveles de dormición a cosecha, que se asociaron a una mayor dormición impuesta por cubiertas y una mayor sensibilidad al ABA de los frutos. Mayores temperaturas durante el almacenaje post cosecha (25 grados C) determinaron mayores tasas de salida de la dormición, que se asociaron a una menor dormición embrionaria, una menor sensibilidad al ABA, un menor contenido de endógeno ABA antes y durante la incubación y una mayor sensibilidad a GAs de los frutos, sin diferencias en la sensibilidad a etileno. Los resultados obtenidos representan un aporte significativo para el diseño de estrategias de manejo, como fechas de siembra y condiciones de almacenaje que permitan disminuir los niveles de dormición en frutos de girasol. A su vez, la exploración de las bases fisiológicas de las respuestas observadas resulta relevante para la comprensión de los mecanismos que regulan la dormición de esta especie.
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La firmeza es el atributo más importante en las peras y está determinada en parte, por la estructura de la pared celular (PC) y por su desintegración. No han sido completamente identificadas las modificaciones que ocurren en los polisacáridos de la PC de pulpa y piel ni las anomalías bioquímicas que se asociarían a la aparición de texturas atípicas provocada por una cosecha tardía de peras Bartlett. Tampoco se ha analizado a la fecha la influencia de los factores precosecha sobre la composición de la PC, el ablandamiento de los frutos y la eficacia de tratamientos de poscosecha como los realizados con 1-metilciclopropeno (1- MCP), inhibidor de la acción del etileno. A fin de estudiar estos aspectos se muestrearon peras Bartlett que maduraron en planta para los estudios de ontogenia en pulpa y piel; al mismo tiempo se trabajó con peras que crecieron bajo diferentes condiciones de radiación a campo y luego fueron almacenadas a 20 ºC por 13 y 23 d con y sin tratamiento de 1-MCP. Se determinó la firmeza, el color, los sólidos solubles, la acidez titulable, el porcentaje de almidón, la producción de etileno, el jugo libre, se realizó análisis sensorial y luego se efectuó la extracción y fraccionamiento de la PC. Sobre esta última se determinó la solubilidad, composición y distribución de tamaños moleculares. Los resultados demostraron que los frutos que maduraron en planta presentaron anomalías texturales asociadas a una menor solubilización de pectinas y de arabinosa. Asimismo se determinó que la composición y el metabolismo de PC de peras Bartlett difieren en el tejido de pulpa y piel. Se estableció que la mayor exposición solar resultó en un aumento de la firmeza de los frutos. Esto se relacionó con una mayor proporción de pectinas solubles en álcali y hemicelulosas de mayor tamaño molecular a cosecha. Por último, la eficacia del 1-MCP se vio incrementada por condiciones de mayor radiación-temperatura en precosecha, siendo la radiación UVB poco relevantes.
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Conocer la diversidad genética de Azotobacter en suelos de Argentina es de gran interés científico-tecnológico debido a su uso actual y futuro en la agricultura. Por otra parte, los mecanismos de promoción del crecimiento vegetal de Azotobacter aún no han sido completamente elucidados. En este trabajo se llevó a cabo el aislamiento y la caracterización genotípica y fenotípica de cepas de Azotobacter. La especie más frecuentemente aislada fue A. chroococcum, mientras que reportamos por primera vez la presencia de A. salinestris y A. armeniacus en suelos argentinos. La producción de sideróforos, la solubilización de fosfatos y la producción de auxinas se evaluaron en 21 de los aislamientos obtenidos. Todas las cepas evaluadas produjeron sideróforos y auxinas, con diferencias entre ellas en la cantidad producida de auxinas, mientras que ninguna cepa solubilizó fosfatos. Se seleccionaron 6 cepas con valores contrastantes de producción de auxinas y se determinó su capacidad de producir ácido indol-3-acético (AIA), ácido giberélico (GA3) y zeatina (Z) por cromatografía líquida acoplada a espectrometría de masas, la capacidad de fijar N2 por la reducción de acetileno-etileno y la capacidad de promover la germinación y el crecimiento temprano de plántulas de trigo. Las 6 cepas seleccionadas produjeron distintos niveles de AIA, GA3 y Z y difirieron en la capacidad de fijar N2. La mayor producción de AIA correlacionó con un mayor desarrollo de raíces seminales y pelos radicales de las plantas inoculadas, y esas respuestas fueron reproducidas por la aplicación exógena de AIA. Además, se observaron efectos positivos de la inoculación sobre el crecimiento aéreo, los cuales no pudieron ser atribuidos a la producción de auxinas. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que las fitohormonas producidas por Azotobacter jugarían un rol muy importante en la promoción temprana del crecimiento de las plántulas de trigo
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p.283-289
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A pesar de que la frecuente presencia de dormición en frutos de girasol (Helianthus annuus)suele dificultar las tareas de procesamiento y utilización de los mismos como semilla, existe escasa información en relación a la regulación ambiental de la dormición en frutos de esta especie. Entre los factores ambientales que actúan como reguladores de la dormición, la temperatura ha sido identificada como uno de los principales. En este contexto, el presente trabajo tuvo por objetico principal estudiar el efecto del ambiente térmico durante las etapas de llenado y almacenaje post cosecha sobre el nivel de dormición en frutos de girasol. Como objetivos secundarios, se evaluó el efecto de 1)las estructuras del fruto (embrión y cubiertas), 2)la sensibilidad de los frutos al ácido abscísico (ABA), giberelinas (GAs)y etilieno y 3)los cambios en el contenido endógeno de ABA sobre la determinación del nivel de dormición y su relación con el ambiente térmico explorado por los frutos en ambas etapas. Mayores temperaturas durante el llenado determinaron mayores niveles de dormición a cosecha, que se asociaron a una mayor dormición impuesta por cubiertas y una mayor sensibilidad al ABA de los frutos. Mayores temperaturas durante el almacenaje post cosecha (25 grados C)determinaron mayores tasas de salida de la dormición, que se asociaron a una menor dormición embrionaria, una menor sensibilidad al ABA, un menor contenido de endógeno ABA antes y durante la incubación y una mayor sensibilidad a GAs de los frutos, sin diferencias en la sensibilidad a etileno. Los resultados obtenidos representan un aporte significativo para el diseño de estrategias de manejo, como fechas de siembra y condiciones de almacenaje que permitan disminuir los niveles de dormición en frutos de girasol. A su vez, la exploración de las bases fisiológicas de las respuestas observadas resulta relevante para la comprensión de los mecanismos que regulan la dormición de esta especie.
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p.31-35