Rhode Island, 1797 Raster Image

This layer is a digitized geo-referenced raster image of a 1797 map of Rhode Island drawn by D.F. Sotzmann. These Sotzmann maps (10 maps of New England and Mid-Atlantic states) typically portray both natural and manmade features. They are highly detailed with symbols for churches, roads, court houses, distilleries, iron works, mills, academies, county lines, town lines, and more. Relief is usually indicated by hachures and country boundaries have also been drawn. Place names are shown in both German and English and each map usually includes an index to land grants. Prime meridians used for this series are Greenwich and Washington, D.C.

Pennsylvania, 1797 Raster Image

This layer is a digitized geo-referenced raster image of a 1797 map of Pennsylvania drawn by D.F. Sotzmann. These Sotzmann maps (10 maps of New England and Mid-Atlantic states) typically portray both natural and manmade features. They are highly detailed with symbols for churches, roads, court houses, distilleries, iron works, mills, academies, county lines, town lines, and more. Relief is usually indicated by hachures and country boundaries have also been drawn. Place names are shown in both German and English and each map usually includes an index to land grants. Prime meridians used for this series are Greenwich and Washington, D.C.

Maryland and Delaware, 1797 Raster Image

This layer is a digitized geo-referenced raster image of a 1797 map of Maryland and Delaware drawn by D.F. Sotzmann. These Sotzmann maps (10 maps of New England and Mid-Atlantic states) typically portray both natural and manmade features. They are highly detailed with symbols for churches, roads, court houses, distilleries, iron works, mills, academies, county lines, town lines, and more. Relief is usually indicated by hachures and country boundaries have also been drawn. Place names are shown in both German and English and each map usually includes an index to land grants. Prime meridians used for this series are Greenwich and Washington, D.C.

New Jersey, 1797 Raster Image

This layer is a digitized geo-referenced raster image of a 1797 map of New Jersey drawn by D.F. Sotzmann. These Sotzmann maps (10 maps of New England and Mid-Atlantic states) typically portray both natural and manmade features. They are highly detailed with symbols for churches, roads, court houses, distilleries, iron works, mills, academies, county lines, town lines, and more. Relief is usually indicated by hachures and country boundaries have also been drawn. Place names are shown in both German and English and each map usually includes an index to land grants. Prime meridians used for this series are Greenwich and Washington, D.C.

Zechariah : a new translation with notes, critical, philological, and explanatory with an appendix, in reply to Dr. Eveleigh's sermon on Zechariah II. 8-11. to which is added, (a new edition with alterations) a dissertation on Daniel IX. v. 20. to the end. /

Mode of access: Internet.

Ceylon Buddhism : being the collected writings of Daniel John Gogerly ... edited by Arthur Stanley Bishop ...

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Tackling the burden of injury in Australasia : developing a binational trauma registry

Existing trauma registries in Australia and New Zealand play an important role in monitoring the management of injured patients. Over the past decade, such monitoring has been translated into changes in clinical processes and practices. Monitoring and changes have been ad hoc, as there are currently no Australasian benchmarks for “optimal” injury management. A binational trauma registry is urgently needed to benchmark injury management to improve outcomes for injured patients.

Grandiflora : Recent Paintings by Daniel Mafe

Grandiflora: Recent Paintings by Daniel Mafe The paintings of Grandiflora are improvised around a range of different flower motifs culled from medieval textiles and botanical illustrations. Each of the paintings is constructed upon a ground of flat, palely luminous yellow occasionally supplemented by additional areas of high-keyed pastel. Pink, blue, green and mauve together with the yellow, generate a shimmering and even incandescent glow. The graphic images of the flowers with the flat colour areas are then contrasted and worked over with richly sensual, abstract gestures of paint. Within the work there is a pronounced almost rococo-esque opticality as it operates between these different visual codes of flat colour, recognizable floral forms, and gesture. These codes combine to produce a definite visceral impact on the viewer, a pronounced and tactile sense of the experience and ambiguity inherent in perceiving. This ambiguity is interestingly at odds with the apparently clean and crisp quality each painting demonstrates as an integrated whole. Indeed each piece goes on to reveal, despite the use of overt figurative quotations, a sense of the purely abstract which in its turn concretely establishes the ornamental.

Experimental evaluation of the culture performance of three exotic and a ‘local’ Giant Freshwater Prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii, De Man 1879) culture strain in Fiji

Giant freshwater prawn (GFP; Macrobrachium rosenbergii) aquaculture has expanded rapidly since 1990. Most local culture industries, however, have developed in an unsystematic way. Fiji has a small culture industry producing the ‘Anuenue’ strain; however, performance of this strain has never been systematically evaluated. Recently, some Fijian farmers have reported declines in stock productivity. The current project evaluated the relative performance of three exotic strains with different genetic backgrounds from Malaysia, Indonesia and Vietnam, against the ‘local’ strain in Fiji in a 4 × 3 replicated pond trial experiment. A total of 5827 prawns were harvested after 143 days growout. Individual growth rate and relative survival of the Fiji strain were not statistically different from any of the introduced strains, but Vietnam strain was superior to that of the Malaysia strain. Genetic diversity showed significant differences in variability among strains, with the Malaysian strain displaying the lowest genetic diversity. Indonesia strain showed that females were reaching maturation earlier than other strains and were smaller in size. This study suggests that Malaysian and Indonesian strains would constitute a poor choice for Fiji, whereas the Vietnam strain consistently performed well on all criteria measured. High variation among replicate ponds within strains unfortunately confounded among-strain variation.

Genetic diversity of cultured and wild populations of the giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man, 1879) based on microsatellite analysis

Freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) culture in the Western Hemisphere is primarily, if not entirely, derived from 36 individual prawns originally introduced to Hawaii from Malaysia in 1965 and 1966. Little information is available regarding genetic variation within and among cultured prawn stocks worldwide. The goal of the current study was to characterize genetic diversity in various prawn populations with emphasis on those cultured in North America. Five microsatellite loci were screened to estimate genetic diversity in two wild (Myanmar and India-wild) and seven cultured (Hawaii-1, Hawaii-2, India-cultured, Israel, Kentucky, Mississippi and Texas) populations. Average allelic richness ranged from 3.96 (Israel) to 20.45 (Myanmar). Average expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.580 (Israel) to 0.935 (Myanmar). Many of the cultured populations exhibited reduced genetic diversity when compared with the Myanmar and the India-cultured populations. Significant deficiency in heterozygotes was detected in the India-cultured, Mississippi and Kentucky populations (overall Fis estimated of 0.053, 0.067 and 0.108 respectively) reflecting moderate levels of inbreeding. Overall estimate of fixation index (Fst = 0.1569) revealed moderately high levels of differentiation among the populations. Outcome of this study provide a baseline assessment of genetic diversity in some available strains that will be useful for the development of breeding programmes.

Lessons from the 4-hour standard in England for Australia

Australia is in the process of making the most important change to its health care system since the implementation of Medicare.1 We agree with Cameron and Cooke that there are important lessons for Australia from the implementation of the 4-hour rule in the United Kingdom. As in Robert Zemeckis’s 1985 movie classic, Back to the future, the old question of “If I had the opportunity to do something again, what would I have done differently?” applies. We challenge the assumption that Australia is embarking on something that the UK has recently abandoned. The UK has not actually abandoned the 4-hour rule but expanded it into a suite of eight indicators that include three time-based measures, including total time in the emergency department (ED).

Synonymization of key pest species within the Bactrocera dorsalis species complex (Diptera: Tephritidae): Taxonomic changes based on a review of 20 years of integrative morphological, molecular, cytogenetic, behavioural and chemoecological data

Bactrocera papayae Drew & Hancock, Bactrocera philippinensis Drew & Hancock, Bactrocera carambolae Drew & Hancock, and Bactrocera invadens Drew, Tsuruta & White are four horticultural pest tephritid fruit fly species that are highly similar, morphologically and genetically, to the destructive pest, the Oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae). This similarity has rendered the discovery of reliable diagnostic characters problematic, which, in view of the economic importance of these taxa and the international trade implications, has resulted in ongoing difficulties for many areas of plant protection and food security. Consequently, a major international collaborative and integrated multidisciplinary research effort was initiated in 2009 to build upon existing literature with the specific aim of resolving biological species limits among B. papayae, B. philippinensis, B. carambolae, B. invadens and B. dorsalis to overcome constraints to pest management and international trade. Bactrocera philippinensis has recently been synonymized with B. papayae as a result of this initiative and this review corroborates that finding; however, the other names remain in use. While consistent characters have been found to reliably distinguish B. carambolae from B. dorsalis, B. invadens and B. papayae, no such characters have been found to differentiate the latter three putative species. We conclude that B. carambolae is a valid species and that the remaining taxa, B. dorsalis, B. invadens and B. papayae, represent the same species. Thus, we consider B. dorsalis (Hendel) as the senior synonym of B. papayae Drew and Hancock syn.n. and B. invadens Drew, Tsuruta & White syn.n. A redescription of B. dorsalis is provided. Given the agricultural importance of B. dorsalis, this taxonomic decision will have significant global plant biosecurity implications, affecting pest management, quarantine, international trade, postharvest treatment and basic research. Throughout the paper, we emphasize the value of independent and multidisciplinary tools in delimiting species, particularly in complicated cases involving morphologically cryptic taxa.

Identification of a putative cellulase gene in the giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man, 1879)

Nutrition plays an important role in the development of all organisms and in particular that of farmed aquatic species where costs associated with feed can often exceed 60% of total production costs. Crustacean species in addition, have the added metabolic requirement for regular moulting to allow normal growth and this requires large amounts of energy in the form of sugars (glucose). The current study explored the capacity of the giant freshwater prawn to produce endogenous cellulose-degrading enzymes capable of extracting nutrients (simple sugars) from plant sources in formulated feeds used in the prawn aquaculture industry. We identified a putative cellulase cDNA fragment in the target organism of 1576 base pairs in length of non-microbial origin that after protein modelling exhibited a TM-score of 0.916 with a described cellulase reported from another crustacean species. The functional role of cellulase enzymes is to hydrolyse cellulose to glucose and the fragment identified in GFP was highly expressed in the hepatopancreas, the site of primary food digestion and absorption in crustaceans. Hepatopancreatic tissue from Macrobrachium rosenbergii also showed active digestion of cellulose to glucose following an endoglucanase assay. Cellulase gene(s) are present in the genomes of many invertebrate taxa and play an active role in the conversion of cellulose to available energy. Identification and characterization of endogenous cellulase gene(s) in giant freshwater prawn can assist development of the culture industry because the findings confirm that potentially greater levels of low-cost plant-material could be included in artificial formulated diets in the future without necessarily compromising individual growth performance. Ultimately, this development may contribute to more efficient, cost-effective production systems for freshwater prawn culture stocks that meet the animal's basic nutritional requirements and that also support good individual growth rates.

Corrections: Association of variants in MMEL1 and CTLA4 with rheumatoid arthritis in the Han Chinese population (Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2011) 70, (1793-1797))

Patrick Danoy, Meng Wei, Hadler Johanna, et al. Association of variants in MMEL1 and CTLA4 with rheumatoid arthritis in the Han Chinese population. Ann Rheum Dis 2011;70:1793–97. The following authors were listed as contributing equally to the study...

Tuuleen piirrän nimeni : Daniel Urwindin fragmentaarinen omaelämäkerta Bo Carpelanin romaanissa Alkutuuli

Tutkielma käsittelee Bo Carpelanin romaania Alkutuuli (Urwind 1993) päähenkilö Daniel Urwindin fragmentaarisesti kerrottuna elämäntarinana. Kyse on kahdella aikatasolla etenevästä fiktiivisestä omaelämäkerrasta, joka perustuu viikottaisiin päiväkirjamerkintöihin. Daniel hahmottaa identiteettiään tilaan kytkeytyneiden muistojen sekä oman nimensä avulla leikaten samalla kerronnan jatkuvuuden. Tutkimusongelmana on hahmottaa Danielin kerronnan tavat, kirjoittamisen syyt sekä prosessiin lopputulos. Menneisyyteen kohdistuvan minä-kerronnan analyysi perustuu Dorrit Cohnin Transparent minds -teoksen käsitteistöön. Alkutuulessa esiintyy muistikerronnan ja muistimonologin epäsäännöllistä vuorottelua. Niiden osana on edesmenneiden läheisten upotettuja monologeja, joiden takaa kuultaa Danielin ääni: monologit ovat Danielin kuvittelemia tai referoimia puheita ja ajatuksia, joiden esittäjä on hänen yksinäisen keskustelunsa toinen osapuoli. Omaelämäkertaa käsittelevinä teoreettisina lähteinä ovat ensisijaisesti Päivi Kososen artikkelit sekä hänen tutkimuksensa Elämät sanoissa. Tutkielman tulkinnan kannalta keskeisessä asemassa ovat Bo Carpelanin essee- ja kaunokirjallinen tuotanto. Kirjoittamisen lähtökohtana on päähenkilön identiteettiä horjuttava elämänvaihe. Vaimo Marian lähdettyä vuodeksi Amerikkaan Daniel pyrkii löytämään oman kielensä ja luomaan muistojensa avulla eheämmän kuvan itsestään. Prosessiin kytkeytyy keskeisesti tila - Danielin kulkiessa talossaan, joka on hänen lapsuudenkotinsa, aistitodellisuus toimii mieleenpalauttajana: äänet ja tuoksut johdattavat hänet elämään menneisyyden muistoja uudelleen nykyhetkessä. Samalla talo ja huoneet personifioituvat ja minuus alkaa rakentua tilan kaltaiseksi. Uusien ovien ja huoneiden löytyminen symboloi Danielin muistojen selkeytymistä ja itseymmärryksen syvenemistä. Kirjoittamisen voi tulkita olevan psykoanalyyttinen prosessi, jossa omaelämäkerran minä keskustelee menneisyyden minänsä kanssa. Puhuja odottaa vastausta toiselta, vaikka vastaus löytyy paradoksaalisesti itsestä. Omaelämäkerran moniäänisyyttä korostavat edesmenneiden läheisten läsnäolo, Danielin eri ikävaiheiden identiteetit ja kaksoisolentojen hahmoissa esiintyvät minuudet. Kirjoittamisen avulla Daniel pyrkii pääsemään etäämmälle itsestään ja saavuttamaan minättömyyden tilan, jota käsitellään John Keatsilta peräisin olevan käsitteen "negatiivinen kyky" avulla. Alkutuuli on taiteilijaromaani, jossa taiteilijuutta edustavat siivet ja lentäminen kytkeytyvät mielikuvitukseen ja uusiutumiseen. Danielin tie taiteilijuutta edeltävään minättömyyteen on kuitenkin vaikea ja monet merkit viittaavat diletantin kohtaloon. Unenomaisen logiikan omaavan, fragmentaarisen kerronnan takaa on hahmotettavissa myös lainalaisuuksia. Muiden henkilöiden lyhyet elämäkerrat ovat heidän haavansa paljastavia episodeja, jotka muuttuvat osaksi Danielin elämäntarinaa. Danielin kirjallinen omakuva on montaasi, jossa eri tasossa olevat elementit, nykyhetki ja menneisyys, mielikuvitus, unet ja upotetut monologit rinnastuvat samaan tasoon. Daniel peilaa elettyä ja koettua koomisen peilirakenteen avulla, jossa hänen elämäänsä osallisena olleet menneisyyden henkilöt kulkevat narrikulkueen mukana. Toive eheästä minäkuvasta osoittautuu kuitenkin mahdottomaksi merkityssulkeuman todenvastaisuuden vuoksi. Urwind-nimen pohdinnasta liikkeelle lähtenyt omaelämäkerta päättyy syklistä liikettä mukaillen tilanteeseen, jossa päähenkilö hyväksyy elämän käsittämättömyyden ja luottaa omassa nimessään piilevään voimaan, tuuleen, viitaten samalla myös romaanin nimeen. Avainsanat: Bo Carpelan - muistot - tila - fragmentaarisuus - fiktiivinen omaelämäkerta