As dimensões bio-psico-sociais dos papéis sexuais

Esta dissertação é baseada numa pesquisa bibliográfica, de caráter multidisciplinar, e apresenta os seguintes objetivos: 1) efetuar um estudo sobre as dimensões bio16gicas dos papéis e dos estere6tipos sexuais; 2) apresentar as principais teorias sobre a origem dos papéis e dos estere6tipos sexuais; 3) destacar os mais importantes estudos sócio-culturais que privilegiem a origem dos papéis e dos estere6tipos sexuais; 4) localizar nas diversas manifestações culturais (literatura, arte, música e linguagem) dados que esclareçam a origem dos papéis e dos estereótipos sexuais na cultura brasileira; 5) abordar, objetiva e criticamente, o machismo, ou sexismo típico brasileiro; causas e consequências. Na medida em que nos propusemos a atingir os objetivos citados, constatamos que o nosso ponto de partida seria a sobrevivência dos estere6tipos. Em outras palavras, a importante questão da origem dos estere6tipos seria o nosso filão. Afinal de contas, se o estere6tipo e a realidade não apresentam correlação, como aquele sobrevive? Da mesma maneira, de onde se originam as diferenças sexuais observadas? Na tentativa de respondermos i pergunta, procuramos estudar as três dimensões, que consideramos fundamentais, a saber: 1) a dimensão biológica 2) a dimensão psicológica 3) a dimensão social.

O papel sócio empreendedor da ONG Sodireitos em defesa dos direitos sexuais e migratórios na Amazônia

This paper presents a case study from the Society for the Defense of Sexual and Migrate Rivers Amazônia - Sodireitos, whose central problem is to understand how it the works the social entrepreneur of the NGO Sodireitos in defense of sexual rights and migrate rivers in Amazônia. The central objective is to analyze the practices Social Entrepreneurship at the NGO Sodireitos on sexual rights and migrate rivers. The method adopted examined the entire creation process at the NGO the present day. Primary and secondary dates were used allowing the viewing of the dynamic intervention Social Sodireitos practiced by the fields of human rights and migrate rivers. Categories of analyses were given, and possible perceive in works of the strong Sodireitos flags that converge to social entrepreneurship as a guideline in the search for a model of human development, social and mainstay vel.

O papel sócio empreendedor da ONG sodireitos em defesa dos direitos sexuais e migratórios na amazônia

This paper presents a case study from the Society for the Defense of Sexual and Migrate Rivers Amazônia - Sodireitos, whose central problem is to understand how it the works the social entrepreneur of the NGO Sodireitos in defense of sexual rights and migrate rivers in Amazônia. The central objective is to analyze the practices Social Entrepreneurship at the NGO Sodireitos on sexual rights and migrate rivers. The method adopted examined the entire creation process at the NGO the present day. Primary and secondary dates were used allowing the viewing of the dinamic intervention Social Sodireitos practiced by the fields of human rights and migrate rivers. Categories of analyses were given, and possible perceive in works of the strong Sodireitos flags that converge to social entrepreneurship as a guideline in the search for a model of human development, social and mainstay vel

Morte como desafio afetivo para o profissional da saúde: ansiedade e sentimentos de quem lida com o paciente terminal com câncer

It is a Cross-sectional and multi-disciplinary study whose population selection was made by department of human resources (composed by a Manager, an Oncologist and a Psychologist) from the hospital where this research was realized. They also collaborated with important information about the work of that professionals in the hospital. We also counted on a Statistic who made study design calculating the sample and analyzing data. This research issued Evaluating health professionals anxiety levels who care for cancer terminally ill and their feelings about that work as well as identifying the factors which have influence on it. 100 health professionals from the Hospital which is a reference on cancer caring in Brazil situated in the city of Natal, state of Rio Grande do Norte, participated of this research. There was a sample loss of 21%. Data were collected through a questionnaire and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Results showed that 15% of the professionals have low State Anxiety levels, 70% Medium State Anxiety levels and 15% high State anxiety levels. The Number of Patients and Working in another Institution have interfered in the anxiety levels. Doctors and Nursing Assistants and Technicians have got the highest high State Anxiety percentage (25%). 73% of them declare to feel some sort of different behavior and/or feelings in caring for terminally ill. The most remarkable professionals feelings were Suffering and Sadness, and Terminally ill Children was the most difficult age group to care for. We conclude that work overload and having more than one job can interfere in professional stress levels and anxiety. Dealing with terminally ill, specially children one, can cause on the professionals psychological suffering. It s recommended the development of supporting and training strategies to reduce and/or to prevent Stress and Anxiety high levels

Banheiros Públicos: Os bastidores das práticas sexuais

This dissertation tries to describe the interactions called pegações in the homosexual milieu that exist in the public bathrooms in UFRN. They used for sexual practices by some of their users. The participating observation made it possible a discription concerning how the interactions occur among the bathrooms users. We researched the flert process that happens around the place, the poses they strike, the approach, until they get to the sexual practice. We also traced their route through the most used bathrooms. We associated the research the messages written on the doors and cabins that are means of contact among the users. So we tried to interpret the meanings of the interactions that exist in the public bathrooms in UFRN

Composição química e perfil de ácidos graxos da carne de bovinos de diferentes condições sexuais recebendo silagem de milho e concentrado ou cana-de-açúcar e concentrado contendo grãos de girassol

O objetivo neste trabalho foi avaliar as características químicas e a composição em ácidos graxos do contrafilé (músculo Longissimus) de tourinhos, novilhos e novilhas da raça Canchim. Os animais foram terminados em confinamento com duas dietas experimentais, uma com silagem de milho e concentrado e outra com cana-de-açúcar e concentrado contendo grãos de girassol. Os teores de umidade, proteína e minerais no músculo não diferiram entre as dietas e as condições sexuais dos animais. A carne de novilhos terminados com a dieta com grãos de girassol apresentou maior teor de lipídios (3,31%) em comparação à dos animais de outras categorias. Os animais que receberam a dieta com grãos de girassol apresentaram maiores concentrações de ácido linoléico conjugado (18:2 cis9, trans-11) (0,73%) e ácidos graxos poliinsaturados (8,12%) no músculo, e também relações mais elevadas de ácidos graxos insaturados:saturados (0,93) e ácidos graxos poliinsaturados:saturados (0,16) em comparação àqueles que receberam a dieta convencional, à base de silagem de milho (0,34%; 6,31%; 0,86; e 0,11, respectivamente). A composição em ácidos graxos da carne de bovinos pode ser melhorada com a utilização de cana-de-açúcar e grãos de girassol na dieta dos animais terminados em confinamento.

Agentes Inteligentes com Foco de Atenção Afetivo em Simulações Baseadas em Agentes

Simulations based on cognitively rich agents can become a very intensive computing task, especially when the simulated environment represents a complex system. This situation becomes worse when time constraints are present. This kind of simulations would benefit from a mechanism that improves the way agents perceive and react to changes in these types of environments. In other worlds, an approach to improve the efficiency (performance and accuracy) in the decision process of autonomous agents in a simulation would be useful. In complex environments, and full of variables, it is possible that not every information available to the agent is necessary for its decision-making process, depending indeed, on the task being performed. Then, the agent would need to filter the coming perceptions in the same as we do with our attentions focus. By using a focus of attention, only the information that really matters to the agent running context are perceived (cognitively processed), which can improve the decision making process. The architecture proposed herein presents a structure for cognitive agents divided into two parts: 1) the main part contains the reasoning / planning process, knowledge and affective state of the agent, and 2) a set of behaviors that are triggered by planning in order to achieve the agent s goals. Each of these behaviors has a runtime dynamically adjustable focus of attention, adjusted according to the variation of the agent s affective state. The focus of each behavior is divided into a qualitative focus, which is responsible for the quality of the perceived data, and a quantitative focus, which is responsible for the quantity of the perceived data. Thus, the behavior will be able to filter the information sent by the agent sensors, and build a list of perceived elements containing only the information necessary to the agent, according to the context of the behavior that is currently running. Based on the human attention focus, the agent is also dotted of a affective state. The agent s affective state is based on theories of human emotion, mood and personality. This model serves as a basis for the mechanism of continuous adjustment of the agent s attention focus, both the qualitative and the quantative focus. With this mechanism, the agent can adjust its focus of attention during the execution of the behavior, in order to become more efficient in the face of environmental changes. The proposed architecture can be used in a very flexibly way. The focus of attention can work in a fixed way (neither the qualitative focus nor the quantitaive focus one changes), as well as using different combinations for the qualitative and quantitative foci variation. The architecture was built on a platform for BDI agents, but its design allows it to be used in any other type of agents, since the implementation is made only in the perception level layer of the agent. In order to evaluate the contribution proposed in this work, an extensive series of experiments were conducted on an agent-based simulation over a fire-growing scenario. In the simulations, the agents using the architecture proposed in this work are compared with similar agents (with the same reasoning model), but able to process all the information sent by the environment. Intuitively, it is expected that the omniscient agent would be more efficient, since they can handle all the possible option before taking a decision. However, the experiments showed that attention-focus based agents can be as efficient as the omniscient ones, with the advantage of being able to solve the same problems in a significantly reduced time. Thus, the experiments indicate the efficiency of the proposed architecture

Ideações e tentativas de suicídio em adolescentes com práticas sexuais hetero e homoeróticas

Esta pesquisa, que teve como população-alvo adolescentes com idade entre 12 e 20 anos, residentes em três municípios do interior Paulista, buscou conhecer as associações entre orientação sexual e ideações e tentativas de suicídio. Corroborando com as pesquisas internacionais, evidenciou-se que os não heterossexuais têm mais chances de pensarem e tentarem suicídio, comparativamente aos heterossexuais. Todavia, encontrou-se que, dentre o grupo de adolescentes que se assumiram não heterossexuais, os que estão mais vulneráveis são aqueles que se autodefiniram bissexuais e outros, os quais constituem o grupo de pessoas menos assumidas, dentre os não heterossexuais. do mesmo modo, constatou-se que os respondentes apresentam diversas opiniões e valores homofóbicos, sexistas e heterocentrados, o que revela ser o espaço escolar, onde se encontram esses jovens não heterossexuais, bastante carregado de posicionamentos discursivos discriminatórios. Conclui-se que a questão do suicídio é uma problemática de saúde pública e que a população de jovens não heterossexuais necessita de abordagens específicas para a prevenção e de atenção relativas a essa conduta.

Papel de sinais cromáticos na identificação de parceiros sexuais em sagüi comum (callithrix jacchus)

The literature concerning color vision shows a trichromatic advantage in detecting ripe fruits and young leaves, but there are contradictory results. There is also the suggestion of this type of vision being adapted to perceive socio-sexual signals. Indeed, Old World primates utilize the skin color of conspecifics as a factor of attraction. But in New World primates there is no record of a coloration signal in the body that can be utilized by other group members. The present study aims to: 1- test whether there is a relation between coloration of body regions and ovulatory cycle in female Callithrix jacchus; 2- Determine if this species uses visual signals to choose mates that are sexually receptive. We collected feces from six females during one month to quantify progesterone concentration by EIA. Body region coloration was measured using a portable spectrometer and modeled to obtain the quantum catch of each photoreceptor, the opponency channels and chromatic distance between the points in units of JND. We recorded the behavior of six males exposed to three pairs of females with a cycling and a non-cycling female in each pair using a transparent plexiglass apparatus. The color of different body regions presented a correlation between progesterone concentration and the yellow-blue and red-green visual axes, with the genitalia as the region showing the highest correlation. The visual axis more apt to see the color variations was the yellow-blue in dichromats, and in trichromats were the red-green to face, yellow-blue to abdomen and both chromatic axes to genitalia. There was no difference in the signal detectability between trichromats and dichromats, but the perception pattern differed between the phenotypes, with a better signal detection by the dichromat phenotype 562 and the trichromat phenotype 543/562. During the behavioral experiments males presented longer gaze duration in periods of experimental manipulation and gaze duration was always longer towards cycling females compared to non-cycling females. Male locomotion during experimental manipulation was greater than in the control only during the periovulatory period of the female, indicating greater excitement. The behavior of cycling females was more active than the behavior of the non-cycling ones regarding locomotion and touching of the plexiglass division of the apparatus. Male gaze duration to cycling females increased with decreasing progesterone concentration, but none of the coloration parameters was correlated to the mate preference exhibited. This coloration signal can transmit information to animals of the group about fertility of female. Different from the intense red of the genitalia swellings of Old World primates, marmoset female genitalia became more bluish-green in the fertile period. Males chose fertile females and were able to visually identify the periovulatory period of females. Choice is related to progesterone concentration, but our results do not show relation between coloration and mate preference. Maybe some behavioral measure is associated with the choice

A importância do holding na reorganização afetivo-social de crianças que manifestam tendência anti-social

This study aims to understand as the children who show expressive behaviors of antisocial trends at Núcleo de Ação Social da Praia do Meio in Natal-RN city, linked to Secretaria Municipal do Trabalho e Assistência Social-SEMIT, which experience the relation with the social educator in role of caregiver. This matter was investigated within an interpretation and approach qualitative view of the social phenomena, using the Thematic Analysis technique of drawings and stories which express the relation with the caregiver gotten in sessions of playful interactions between child and researcher in order to understand the child experiences with the social educator. The used theoretical referential is by D. W. Winnicott who associates the social trend to a failure of environment in child holding. The subjects expressed the need of a firm and protective environment and they look for this in NASPM educators. Moreover, they show as solitude and vulnerability take part their lives due to the lack of emotional holding on family that favors the involvement with violent groups. But, it is worth pointing out that the children value the Nucleus environment when has offered them a safe holding which can be positive the established linking with it. Such conclusion points out to the possibility, recognized theoretically, that exists from these children to resume the way of healthy development

As lógicas territoriais do desenvolvimento: diversidades e regulação

La présentation des logiques territoriales du développement, objet du présent article, résulte de la compilation de lectures systématisées, dont l'objectif est présenter les principales associations entre des théories, concepts et typologies. La relation exprimée, hypothétiquement, la possibilité d'une action collective intentionnelle des agents et les institutions pour le développement.

Algumas reflexões sobre relacionamentos afetivos e relações sexuais na adolescência

Sexo e sexualidade são temas bastante abordados pela sociedade e suas instituições, desde a mídia até a universidade. Também a escola de ensino fundamental e médio vem sendo apontada como espaço propício para se trabalhar com orientação sexual, considerando inclusive as questões em voga como a gravidez não planejada na adolescência, as relações de gênero, o combate à homofobia e as doenças sexualmente transmissíveis, particularmente a AIDS. O presente trabalho é resultado de uma pesquisa realizada com adolescentes de 14 a 19 anos, estudantes de uma escola pública de ensino médio, tendo como objetivos verificar como pensam e se comportam os jovens frente a questões e atitudes que envolvem sexo e sexualidade. A técnica de coleta de dados foi a redação, em que os sujeitos escreveram sobre idéias, práticas e comportamentos sexuais, sendo que no recorte feito para a apresentação deste artigo, nos prendemos aos relacionamentos afetivos e relações sexuais.