水稻重金属镉含量与土壤质量关系的研究

采用盆栽试验的方法,考察了土壤中不同浓度的镉对水稻生长、结实及重金属镉富集的影响以及镉在水稻植株的分布情况,并进一步研究了糙米(可食部位)对镉的富集量与土壤中镉总量和有效态镉含量的关系。研究表明:低浓度的镉对水稻生长稍有促进作用,高浓度的镉对其生长并没有明显的抑制作用;镉在水稻植株中总的分布趋势为根>茎>稻壳>糙米;用4种有效态提取剂(0.1 mol/L CaCl2、DTPA、0.05 mol/L EDTA和1 mol/L NH4OAc)浸提出的有效态镉的含量和土壤中镉总量与水稻糙米中镉含量均达到显著相关水平,并确定了它们的临界值分别为CaCl2-Cd=0.71 mg/kg,DTPA-Cd=1.34 mg/kg,EDTA-Cd=0.76 mg/kg,NH4OAc-Cd=0.77 mg/kg。

土地利用对潮棕壤电导率影响的研究

对中国科学院沈阳生态实验站潮棕壤水稻田、玉米地、撂荒地和人工林地4种土地利用方式经过14年后土壤电导率在土体10个土层中的剖面分布进行比较研究,结果表明:不同土地利用方式及不同深度土层土壤电导率差异显著。表层,玉米地土壤电导率显著低于其他3种土地利用方式;150 cm深度内土壤电导率平均值为林地>撂荒地>玉米地>水稻田。水稻田土层具有相对较高的土壤电导率,可能主要受植稻过程中土壤淋溶及复盐基作用的影响;林地深层相对较高的土壤电导率可能主要受树木根系分布的影响。不同土地利用方式下土壤剖面中电导率与有机C、全量N、P、S、有效态N、P、S、pH、交换性Ca、Mg、K、Na、CEC、DTPA浸提态Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn之间具有不同的相互关系,反映了不同土地利用方式下元素的生物地球化学循环对土壤电导率的影响。由此,土壤电导率可作为指征不同土地利用方式对土壤性质影响可行的土壤化学指标。表4,参13。

土壤有效态Pb和Cd与大蒜吸收Pb和Cd的关系

通过对大蒜的重金属添加土培试验,采用DTPA(二乙基胺五乙酸)为有效态铅、镉提取剂,对受试土壤进行浸提检测,分析Pb和Cd在大蒜不同部位的吸收、积累及其与土壤中有效态含量的相关性。根据GB 2762-2005《食品中污染物限量标准》中对食品中Pb、Cd的限量要求,初步确定了本试验条件下,土壤中重金属Pb、Cd有效态的临界值,并以此临界点评价该种土壤中Pb、Cd对大蒜的潜在污染。

夹心型锰杂多配合物作为磁共振成像造影剂的研究

以两种夹心型锰杂多配合物K10[Mn4(PW9O34)2]·22H2O和Na16[Mn4(H2O)2(P2W15O56)2]·53H2O作为研究对象,采用元素分析和红外光谱对其结构进行了表征,测试其在水中、牛血清白蛋白及运铁蛋白溶液中的弛豫效率,并进行了大鼠活体成像实验.结果表明,这两种锰杂多配合物的弛豫效率高于或接近于目前临床常用的造影剂Gd-DTPA,对肝脏和肾脏MRI信号具有良好的增强效果,是比较好的潜在磁共振成像造影剂候选化合物.

Mn~(2+)-NaY型分子筛作为口服胃肠道MRI造影剂的研究

用离子交换法制备了Mn2+交换的NaY分子筛MnNaY,用红外光谱(IR)和X射线粉末衍射(XRD)等方法进行了表征.研究了Mn2+含量为3.2%的样品在酸性水溶液中的稳定性和离子交换选择性.弛豫时间测量和体内磁共振成像实验表明其弛豫效率变化范围为4.9～9.7mmol·L·s-1,高于目前临床所用造影剂Gd-DTPA,对胃部MRI信号具有良好的增强效果.它是比较好的潜在口服胃肠道造影剂.

Gadolinium heteropoly complex K-17[Gd(P2W17O61)(2)] as a potential MRI contrast agent

Gadolinium heteropoly complex K-17[Gd(P2W17O61)(2)] has been evaluated by in vitro and in vivo experiments as a potential contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The thermal analysis and conductivity study indicate that this complex has good thermal stability and wide pH stability range. The T-1 relaxivity is 7.59 mM(-1) s(-1) in aqueous solution and 7.97 mM(-1) s(-1) in 0.725 mmol l(-1) bovine serum albumin (BSA) solution at 25degreesC and 9.39 T, respectively. MR imaging of three male Sprague-Dawley rats showed remarkable enhancement in rat liver after intravenous injection, which persisted longer than with Gd-DTPA. The signal intensity increased by 57.1 +/- 16.9% during the whole imaging period at 0.082 mmol kg(-1) dose. Our preliminary in vitro and in vivo studies indicate that K-17[Gd(P2W17O61)(2)] is a potential liver-specific MRI contrast agent.

Separation of yttrium from heavy lanthanide by CA-100 using the complexing agent

The selective extraction of yttrium front heavy lanthanide by liquid-liquid extraction using CA-100 in the presence of the complexing agent, such as EDTA, DTPA, and HEDTA was investigated. The extraction of heavy lanthanide in the present of the complexing agent was Suppressed when compared to that of Y because of the masking effect, but the selective extraction of Y was enhanced. All complexing agents formed 1: 1 complex with rare earth elements (RE), and only free rare earth ions could take part in the extraction. The condition for separation was obtained by exploring the effects of the complexing agent concentration, the extractant concentration, pH and the equilibration time on the extraction of the heavy rare earth elements.

Arabinogalactan as a carrier for contrast agent in magnetic resonance imaging

Arabinogalactan-Gd-DTPA was synthesized by the reaction of diethylenetriaminepenta-acetic acid (DTPA) bisanhydride with polysaccharide in dry DMSO and characterized by FTIR, elemental analysis and ICP-AES. Its stability was investigated by competition with Ca2+, EDTA, DTPA. The t(1)-relaxivity is 8.06 mmol(-1) . L . s(-1) in D2O, 8.48 mmol(-1) . L . s(-1) in 0.725 mmol . L-1 BSA, respectively. t(1)-weighted MR imaging of rat kidney and liver showed a remarkable enhancement post injection of Arabinogalactan-Gd-DTPA. The results indicate that the arabinogalactan-Gd-DTPA is a potential contrast agent for MRI.

An evaluation of gadolinium polyoxornetalates as possible MRI contrast agent

Two gadolinium polyoxometalates, K9GdW10O36 and K-11 [Gd(PW11O39)(2)], have been evaluated both in vivo and in vitro as candidates for tissue-specific MRI contrast agents. T-1-relaxivities of 6.89 mM(-1) . s(-1) for K9GdW10O36 and 5.27 mM(-1) . s(-1) for K-11[Gd(PW11O39)(2)] are slightly higher than that of the commercial MRI contrast agent (Gd-DTPA). Both compounds bind with bovine serum albumin and human serum transferrin and favorable liver-specific contrast enhancement in in vivo MRI with Sprague-Dawley rats after i.v. administration has been demonstrated. Imaging studies demonstrate that the two agents have a long residence time, showing MR signal enhancement in the liver for more than 40 min, longer than commercially available contrast agents. In vivo and in vitro assays showed that GdW10 and Gd(PW11)(2) are promising liver-specific MRI contrast agents and GdW10 may be used in the diagnosis of the pathological state. However, with the higher acute toxicity, the two gadolinium polyoxometalates need to be modified and studied further before clinical use.

以阿拉伯半乳聚糖为载体的磁共振成像造影剂的研究

合成了阿拉伯半乳聚糖修饰的 DTPA钆配合物 ,用红外光谱、元素分析、 ICP-AES等手段进行了表征 ,用竞争性方法研究了其在水溶液中的稳定性 ,测试了其在水中及 BSA溶液中的弛豫性能 ,并进行了体内成像实验 .结果表明 ,其弛豫效率是目前临床所用造影剂 Gd-DTPA的 1 .5～ 2 .0倍 ,对肝脏和肾脏 MRI信号具有良好的增强效果 ,是比较好的潜在磁共振成像造影剂

电中性的GdDTPA双酰胺衍生物作为MRI造影剂

1988年德国卫生局批准(NMG)_2[Gd(DTPA)·H_2O]可作为 MRI 造影剂临床应用(商品名为 Magnevist),NMG 为 N-甲基葡萄糖胺根。从药物动力学角度看,Gd(DTPA)具有弛豫性强、毒性小、细胞外分布、不通过正常的血脑屏障、迅速由肾脏排出、在人体内结构稳定、具有高溶解度等特征。Gd(DTPA)对中枢神经系统病变增强效果良好,但是组织分布无特异性,对腹部器官如肝脏、脾脏的成像效果较差。为了改善其器官选择性,而且使生物体更易接受,减少毒副作用,人们在电中性的 GdDTPA 衍生物方面作了许多努力。

Studies of Gd-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid in boving serum albumin solution by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

In this paper, the water relaxation enhancement behavior of Gd-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid(DTPA) in water and in aqueous solution of bovine serum albumine(BSA) has been studied. The T-1 relaxivity of Gd-DTPA in BSA solution is higher than that in aqueous solution. The results indicate that Gd-DTPA can integrate non-covalently with BSA mainly in forms of (Gd-DTPA) . BSA, (Gd-DTPA)(2) . BSA, for which the apparent equilibrium constant is 0.026 mmol(-1).L,0.0018 mmol(-2).L-2 respectively. This method would be used to study the interactivities between protein and contrast agent.

钆-二乙三胺五乙酸与牛血清白蛋白作用的核磁共振研究

采用核磁共振弛豫分析法研究了造影剂母体化合物钆-二乙三胺五乙酸（Gd-DTPA）在水溶液和牛血清白蛋白溶液中的诱导弛像增强性质。Gd-DTPA络合物在水溶液中弛豫效率为5．25mmol-1·L·s-1，并发现牛血清白蛋白分子可非共价地结合Gd－DTPA络合物，这种非共价结合体的旋转相关时间明显长于自由络合物，使Gd-DTPA在蛋白质溶液中弛豫效率增高。本文结果表明该方法可以用来研究顺磁性金属络合物与蛋白质之间的相互作用情况。

稀土杂多配合物的合成、表征及其稳定性、弛豫性质

以N_9GdW_(10)O_(36)和K_(11)[Gd(PW_(11)O_(39)_2]作为研究对象,根据元素分析,红外光谱及差热-热重分析进行表征,对两种稀土杂多配合物的稳定性、溶解性进行了研究,并测试了其在水中及BSA溶液中的弛豫性能.其弛豫效率略高于目前临床所用的造影剂Gd-DTPA结果表明,这两种稀土杂多配合物均是比较好的潜在的磁共振成像造影剂

Effects of rare earth ions and calmodulin on the activity of lactate dehydrogenase

In this paper, the effects of rare earth ions (La3+, Eu3+, Dy3+, Yb3+) and their complexes with calmodulin on the activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were investigated. The results reveal that whether binding with calmodulin or not, rare earth ions show a minor activation effects on LDH when their concentrations are less than 3 mu mol (.) L-1, but indicate some strong inhibitory effects on LDH activity when the concentrations are above 5 mu mol (.) L-1. Calmodulin, which is a calcium-dependent regulator, can stimulate LDH activity and release the inhibitory effects of rare earth ion. Diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid(DTPA) and its derivatives bisdimethylamide-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA-BDMA), bisisonicotinyl-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA-BIN), which are often used as ligands to metal ions, inhibit LDH activity when their concentrations are above 5 mu mol (.) L-1. Calmodulin can also release their inhibitory effects at the same time.