Structural refinement, optical and electrical properties of [Ba1-x Sm-2x/3](Zr0.05Ti0.95)O-3 ceramics

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

The role of oxygen vacancies and their location in the magnetic properties of Ce1-xCuxO2-delta nanorods

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Thermal stability and the magnetic properties of hybrid vanadium oxide-tetradecylamine nanotubes

Vanadium oxide nanotubes (NTs) were synthesized by the sol-gel method followed by a long-term hydrothermal treatment. The obtained nanotubes have a multiwall structure, and 70% of vanadium ions are in the V4+ state. This percentage was derived by evaluating three components of the magnetic susceptibility; namely, (i) the paramagnetic Curie-Weiss behavior, (ii) antiferromagnetic dimers, and (iii) magnetic trimers. The as-made NTs were annealed in situ in the cavity of the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrometer. The line shape changes irreversibly at 390 K, and the EPR susceptibility presents an anomaly at 425 K. These changes are interpreted as a partial oxidation of the V4+ ions and consequently a decrease in the concentration of the magnetic species. The quantification of the V4+ ions of the annealed NTs reveals a diminution to 39% of V4+, a weakening of the Curie-Weiss and antiferromagnetic dimers contributions, and the suppression of magnetic trimers. Vibrational studies confirm the decrease of V4+ amount. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4749417]

Chiral Templating Activity of Tris(bipyridine)ruthenium(II) Cation in the Design of Three-Dimensional (3D) Optically Active Oxalate-Bridged {[Ru(bpy) 3 ][Cu 2 x Ni 2(1 - x ) (C 2 O 4 ) 3 ]} n (0 ≤ x ≤ 1; bpy = 2,2‘-bipyridine): Structural, Optical, and Magnetic Studies

Three-dimensional oxalate-based {[Ru(bpy)3][Cu2xNi2(1-x)(ox)3]}n (0≤ x ≤ 1, ox = C2O42-, bpy = 2,2‘bipyridine) were synthesized. The structure was determined for x = 1 by X-ray diffraction on single crystal. The compound crystallizes in the cubic space group P4132. It shows a three-dimensional 10-gon 3-connected (10,3) anionic network where copper(II) has an unusual tris(bischelated) environment. X-ray powder diffraction patterns and their Rietveld refinement show that all the compounds along the series are isostructural and single-phased. According to X-ray absorption spectroscopy, copper(II) and nickel(II) have an octahedral environment, respectively elongated and trigonally distorted. As shown by natural circular dichroism, the optically active forms of {[Ru(bpy)3][CuxNi2(1-x)(ox)3]}n are obtained starting from resolved Δ- or Λ-[Ru(bpy)3]2+. The Curie−Weiss temperatures range between −55 (x = 1) and −150 K (x = 0). The antiferromagnetic exchange interaction thus decreases when the copper contents increases in agreement with the crystallographic structure of the compounds and the electronic structure of the metal ions. At low temperature, the compounds exhibit complex long-range ordered magnetic behavior.

Testing approximate theories of first-order phase transitions on the two-dimensional Potts model

The two-dimensional,q-state (q>4) Potts model is used as a testing ground for approximate theories of first-order phase transitions. In particular, the predictions of a theory analogous to the Ramakrishnan-Yussouff theory of freezing are compared with those of ordinary mean-field (Curie-Wiess) theory. It is found that the Curie-Weiss theory is a better approximation than the Ramakrishnan-Yussouff theory, even though the former neglects all fluctuations. It is shown that the Ramakrishnan-Yussouff theory overestimates the effects of fluctuations in this system. The reasons behind the failure of the Ramakrishnan-Yussouff approximation and the suitability of using the two-dimensional Potts model as a testing ground for these theories are discussed.

Novel ABO(3) oxides related to perovskite and YAlO3 structure types in the La-B-V-O (B = Ni, Cu) systems

The synthesis, structure and magnetic properties of mixed-metal oxides of ABO(3) composition in the La-B-V-O (B = Ni, Cu) systems are described in the present paper. While the B = Ni oxides adopt GdFeO3-like perovskite structure containing disordered nickel and vanadium at the octahedral B site, La3Cu2VO9 crystallizes in a YAlO3-type structure. A detailed investigation of the superstructure of nominal La3Cu2VO9 by WDS analysis and Rietveld refinement of powder XRD data reveal that the likely composition of the phase is La13Cu9V4O38.5, where the Cu and V atoms are ordered in a root13a(h) (a(h) = hexagonal a parameter of YAlO3-like subcell) superstructure. Magnetic susceptibility data support the proposed superstructure consisting of triangular Cu-3 clusters. At low temperatures, the magnetic moment corresponds to S = 1/2 per Cu-3 cluster, while at high temperatures the behavior is Curie-Weiss like, showing S = 1/2 per copper. The present work reveals the contrasting behavior of La-Cu-V-O and La-Ni-V-O systems: while a unique line-phase related to YAlO3 structure is formed around La3Cu2VO9 Composition in the copper system, a continuous series of perovskite-GdFeO3 solid solutions, LaNi1-xVxO3 for 0 less than or equal to x less than or equal to 1/3 seems to be obtained in the nickel system, where the oxidation state of nickel varies from 3+ to 2+.

Colossal electroresistance and current induced switching in ferromagnetic insulating state of La0.82Ca0.18MnO3

Colossal electroresistance and current induced resistivity switching have been measured in the ferromagnetic insulating (FMI) state of single crystal manganite La0.82Ca0.18MnO3. The sample has a Curie transition temperature TC = 165 K and the FMI state is realized for temperatures T<100 K. The electroresistance (ER), arising from a strong nonlinear resistivity, attains a large value ( ≈ 100%) in the FMI state. However, this is accompanied by a collapse of the magnetoresistance (MR) to a small value even in magnetic field (H) of 10 T. This demonstrates that the mechanisms that give rise to ER and MR are effectively decoupled.

Structure and Magnetic Properties of Tb1-xSrxMnO3

Tb1-xSrxMnO3 (x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5) polycrystalline samples are prepared via conventional solid state synthesis route. All samples crystallize in orthorhombic Pnma space group and possess O'-type distortion. Orthorhombic and octahedral distortion is found to decrease with increase in Sr content. At intermediate distortion, (20% and 30% doping level) Curie-Weiss analysis of inverse dc magnetic susceptibility data yields +ve Curies-Weiss constant, characteristic of FM interaction. Isothermal magnetization measurements give the highest magnitude of magnetic moment at these compositions.

新型混桥配位聚合物的合成、晶体结构及表征

本论文对文献所报道的α,ω-二梭酸根的配位方式及其构象进行了概括，提出表示其配位方式的方法（暂定为琳L法）．随后报道20个新型配位聚合物的合成、晶体结构，并对部分配合物做了红外、差热热重、磁性质和元素分析等表征．配合物Zn（bpy）（CSH6O4）1和Cu（bpy）（CSH6o4）2为异质同晶结构，五配位的金属原子通过戊二酸根的桥联作用形成一条带状链，相邻链间通过4，4七联毗睫形成二维层．配合物Mll（bpy）（CSH12O4）·HZO3具有与配合物1和2类似的却由辛二酸根桥联的二维层，层间存在结晶水分子．在配合物zn（bpy）（C6HSO4）4中，4，4，一联毗睫和己二酸根桥联锌原子形成具有纳米孔洞的三维框架结构，它们两度相互穿插构筑整个晶体结构．热分析表明配合物3在82一140oC区间失去结晶水分子．配合物4在180-320℃区间内失去4，4’-联毗陡．配合物3在5-30OK区间内的磁性遵循Curie-Weiss定律Xm-l＝4.265／（T+6.3），两个异质同晶结构配合物MZ（hmt）（HZO）2（C3HZO4）2（M＝Mn（II）5，Cu（II）6）中的金属原子通过丙二酸根的桥联和鳌合作用形成二维层。继而通过六次甲基四胺桥联作用形成三维框架结构．配合物5在5一30OK区间内的磁性遵循Curie一Weiss定律Xm-1＝8.99／（T+4.5）．配合物［Mn（HZO）4（bpy）］（C4H4O4）4H207、［Mn（H2O）4（bpy）］（c4HZO4）·4H208和［Zn（H2O）4（bpy）］（C4H4O4）·4H209为异质同晶结构，属于三斜晶系，均由∞1［M（H2O）4（ bpy）2/2］2+阳离子链、结晶水分子和二狡酸根（丁二酸根或反丁烯二酸根）组成．未配位的二梭酸根和结晶水分子通过氢键作用形成带状阴离子链，阴、阳离子链间存在广泛的氢键作用．属于单斜晶系的配合物［Cu（H2O）4（bpy）］（C4H2O4）4H2O 10和｛Ni（H2O）4（bpy）〕（C4H2O4）4HZO 11，具有和配合物7－－9类似的阳离子链二〔M（H2O）4（bpy）2／2］2＋，然而结晶水分子和反丁烯二酸根在氢键作用下形成二维负电荷层．配合物Cu（imid）2（H2O）L（L＝丁二酸根12，反丁烯二酸根13）为异质同晶型化合物，双端单齿的二梭酸根桥联［Cu（工mid）；（H2O）〕2+形成的一维多聚链通过氢键作用组装成三维结构．而配合物Cu（imid）2（C6H8O4）14中五配位的cu原子通过己二酸根的桥联作用形成的一维多聚链止｛［Cu（C3C3H4］2（ C6H8O4）3／3｝．配合物Cu（imid）2（C6H9O4）2巧中双端单齿的己二酸氢根桥联Cu原子形成的带状多聚链止［Cu（C3N2H4）2(C6H9O4)4/2〕，通过氢键作用组装成两度穿插的三维框架结构．配合物12的热分析表明在25一6000c区间内先脱水形成“Cu（imid）2（C4H4O4）”中间体，继而失去咪哩，残留物为CuO．配合物13和14有相似的TG曲线，加热时失去咪哇和“已二酸醉”．配合物14和15的磁性在5300K温度范围内遵循curie－w七155定律，关系式分别为m-＝0.371／（T-4.6）和Xm-l:0.4095／（T-1.2）．在配合物N处Cu（mal）2·ZHZO 16、KZCu（mal）2·3HZO 17、RbZCu（mal）2H2O 18和C82Cu（mal）2' 4H2O19中，丙二酸根桥联铜原子分别形成二维负电荷层（16，17）、一维阴离子链和一络阴离子．在16-19在合成过程中得到的副产物为配合物［Cu（imid）4Cl］Cl 21，它由CI一和［Cu（imid为CI］＋络阳离子组成，通过氢键和芳环堆积构筑整个晶体结构，热分析表明。配合物1企19在25一500℃的温度区间内可能具有以下的热分解过程：（I）脱水，（2）脱去丙二酸醉和甲烷，（3）草酸盐分解生成碳酸盐和CO气体．酉己合物16一19的磁性在5一300K测试温度范围内遵循Curie-Wesiss定律Xm-l＝C／（T-θ） 其中的韦斯常数夕分别为4．3（5）、4．2（6）、3 ．0（6）和4．3（9）K，相应的居里常数C分别为0.434（1）、0.417（2）、0.423（2）和0.411（3）cm3·K.mol-1．

Structure and magnetic properties of new compounds CdYFeWO7

The solid solutions of CdYFeWO7, which are cubic pyrochlores of the type A(2)B(2)O(7), have been prepared and their structures were determined using Ab initio method. Rietveld refinement of the powder XRD data showed that CdYFeWO7 adopted cubic (Fd-3m) structure, while oxides crystallized in a defect-pyrochlore structure where both O (48f) and O'(8b) sites were partially occupied, and the frustrated cations sublattice precluded long range ordering of Fe/W in the pyrochlore structure. Charge distribution analysis also suggested incomplete occupation of different oxygen sites, thus the compound was non-stoichiometric, with the formula CdYFeW0.982O6.94, Magnetic measurements were carried out to find that Fe ions were in the high spin trivalent state. Curie Weiss paramagnetism down to similar to 5 K and the characteristic superposition between FC and ZFC suggested spin liquid rather than spin glass state.

EXTENDED SOLUBILITY AND SPIN-GLASS BEHAVIOR IN A AG-GD SOLID-SOLUTION PREPARED BY MECHANICAL ALLOYING

The effects of mechanical alloying on the solubility in a Ag-Gd solid solution have been investigated. The study shows that the solubility of Gd in Ag can be extended to about 5 at. % Gd by mechanical alloying from the equilibrium solubility of less than 0.95 at. % Gd. Ag85Gd15 prepared by mechanical alloying exhibits a spin-glass-type transition at similar to 5 K. A Curie-Weiss behavior at higher temperatures and x-ray patterns of the material indicate that Gd atoms are either dissolved in the Ag matrix or in the form of small clusters of diameters of a few nanometers;

Ln_nMCo_nO_(3n+1)(Ln=Sm,Gd;M=Sr,Ba;n=1,2)的合成、结构、电和磁性质研究

用固相反应法合成了三个新的交生相氧化物:Sm_2SrCo_2O_7,Gd_2SrCO_2O_7和Sm_2BaCo_2O_7.它们均具有Sr_3Ti_2O_7型的结构,其中Sm_2BaCo_2O_7属于正交晶系,其它属于四方晶系.与LnSrCoO_4相比,Ln_2SrCo_2O_7(Ln=Sm,Gd)中CoO_2平面上的Co-O键缩短,电子离域化趋势增强,导电能力提高.在300～1100K之间,电阻率与温度关系表明,五个氧化物均表现弱定域系统的特性. 300～1100K之间的磁化率与温度关系表明,在较低温度下,GdSrCoO_4和Gd_2SrCo_2O_7符合Curie-Weiss定律,但前者的CoO_2平面上的磁交换作用是反铁磁性的,而后者是铁磁性的;含Sm~(3+)的三个氧化物表现出较为复杂的磁性质,这可能与Sm~(3+)离子磁性质的复杂性有关.

Synthesis, structure and magnetic characterisation of a new layered ammonium manganese(II) diphosphate hydrate, (NH4)(2)[Mn-3(P2O7)(2)(H2O)(2)]

A new layered ammonium manganese(II) diphosphate, (NH4)(2)[Mn-3(P2O7)(2)(H2O)(2)], has been synthesised under solvothermal conditions at 433 K in ethylene glycol and the structure determined at 293 K using single-crystal X-ray diffraction data (M-r = 584.82, monoclinic, space group P2(1)/a, a = 9.4610( 8), b = 8.3565( 7), c = 9.477(1) Angstrom, beta = 99.908(9) degrees, V = 738.07 Angstrom(3), Z = 2, R = 0.0351 and R-w = 0.0411 for 1262 observed data (I > 3(sigma(I))). The structure consists of chains of cis- and trans-edge sharing MnO6 octahedra linked via P2O7 units to form layers of formula [Mn3P4O14(H2O)(2)](2-) in the ab plane. Ammonium ions lie between the manganese-diphosphate layers. A network of interlayer and ammonium-layer based hydrogen bonding holds the structure together. Magnetic measurements indicate Curie - Weiss behaviour above 30 K with mu(eff) = 5.74(1) mu(B) and theta = -23(1) K, consistent with the presence of high-spin Mn2+ ions and antiferromagnetic interactions. However, the magnetic data reveal a spontaneous magnetisation at 5 K, indicating a canting of Mn2+ moments in the antiferromagnetic ground state. On heating (NH4)(2)[Mn-3(P2O7)(2)(H2O)(2)] in water at 433 K under hydrothermal conditions, Mn-5(HPO4)(2)(PO4)(2).4H(2)O, synthetic hureaulite, is formed.

[Cr(C6H18N4)(SbS3)], a chromium complex containing an unusual bidentate SbS33- ligand

A new chromium-antimony-sulfide, [Cr(C6H18N4)(SbS3)], has been synthesised under solvothermal conditions from CrCl3. 6H(2)O, Sb2S3 and S in the presence of triethylenetetramine at 433 K and characterised by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetry, elemental analysis and SQUID magnetometry. The structure of [Cr(C6H18N4)(SbS3)] consists of neutral mononuclear chromium-centred complexes, in which the Cr3+ is chelated by one tetradentate triethylenetetramine molecule and a bidentate SbS33- ligand, yielding distorted octahedral coordination. Intermolecular hydrogen bonds link individual molecules into layers within the ac plane. Within a layer, molecules occur in pairs with each member related by a centre of inversion. The Cr...Cr separation within a pair is approximately 6.5 Angstrom. Magnetic susceptibility data reveal Curie-Weiss behaviour with mu(eff) = 3.819(3)/mu(B) and a negligible Weiss constant, indicative of non-interacting Cr3+ ions. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

Dielectric loss and phase transition of sodium potassium niobate ceramic investigated by impedance spectroscopy

The dielectric permittivity of Na0.80K0.20NbO3 ceramic was investigated by impedance spectroscopy. The dielectric characterization was performed from room temperature to 800 degreesC, in the frequency range 5 Hz-13 MHz. The bulk permittivity was derived by the variation of the imaginary part of the impedance as a function of reciprocal angular frequency. The permittivity values as a function of temperature showed two maxima. The first maximum is very similar at 200degreesC and the second one positioned at around 400degreesC, which was associated to Curie's temperature. The evolution of the complex permittivity as a function of frequency and temperature was investigated. At low frequency dispersion was investigated in terms of dielectric loss. The Na0.80K0.20NbO3 showed a dissipation factor between 5 and 40 over a frequency range from 1 to 10(2) kHz. (C) 2002 Elsevier B.V. B.V. All rights reserved.