Fresh-water dinoflagellates of Maryland

Collections were made in the summer of 1942 and again at different times in 1946 and 1947. Some collections were not sufficient in numbers to allow for proper identification, so the present paper does not give a complete list. Of the 20 identified species reported on in the paper, two are new to science and ten have not been reported previously for the United States.

Acclimatization of juveniles of marine prawn Penaeus monodon to fresh water

Penaeus monodon, hitherto cultured in brackishwater, has been acclimatized to fresh water for culturing in fresh water system. One hundred juveniles of P. monodon measuring in an average 27.7 mm were procured from the coastal lowlying areas near Kakinada in Andhra Pradesh and were used to conduct an experiment on acclimatization. High percentage of survival (96.0%) was observed when the water salinity was lowered gradually at the rate of 10% per day for the first 2 days, 5% per day during the next 2 days and later at the rate of 1% per day.

Sulphur and methionine content of some fresh water fishes of Madras

The importance of sulphur amino acids, especially of methionine, in our nutrition is too well known to be emphasized. But adequate data on the sulphur and methionine contents of the cheapest of our animal foods viz., fish, are not available. In this note, the total sulphur and methionine content of 18 common fresh water fishes is presented. Total sulphur was determined by Osborne perioxide method (Winton & Winton, 1945) and methionine by the colorimetric method of Horn. (Horn et al., 1946)

The narcotising impulse threshold values of certain fresh water fishes

The effect of impulse current on the fish at a particular impulse rate and voltage depends on the size and kind of the fish. It is directly proportional to the temperature and inversely proportional to the conductivity of the medium.

The storage of red snapper (Lutjanus spp.) in ice, chilled sea water and chilled fresh water

The results are given of trials conducted to determine the effect on quality of holding fish (Lutjanus species) in chilled freshwater and also to compare the quality loss of fish stored in chilled seawater and chilled freshwater and in ice. No adverse effects were observed when storing in chilled freshwater apart from loss of external appearance after 6 days storage; taste panel tests showed acceptable conditions up to 15 days. Chilled seawater is unsuitable for storage as it spoils the intake of salt from the medium, making the flesh unpalatable.

The morphometrics and the proximate composition of the edible fresh water mussel Lamellidens lamellatus (Lea) from Bathalagoda tank, a man made reservoir in Sri Lanka

Morphometric characteristics of Lamellidens lamellatus were studied using a random sample of 138 individuals collected from Bathalagoda reservoir in Kurunegala district. The largest number of individuals in the collection was between 40-50 mm in length. They had a body weight between 60-80 gm. The most abundant bio-chemical component in the adductor and in the foot was protein. Carbohydrate and lipid quantities were almost equal while ash showed the least value. The total protein content ranged from 48.8% to 73.4%; the carbohydrate content from 12.64% to 23.8%; and lipid content from 12.0% to 28.1% of their dry weight. It was found that there were significant relationships between the length and the body weight; and between length and volume.

Development of a process for canning fresh water fish rohu (Labeo rohita)

Results of experiments conducted to work out a process for canning fresh water fish rohu (Labeo rohita) from culture sources are presented. In order to impart a proper firm texture to the meat cold blanching the skinless boneless meat in 15% brine containing 0.25% calcium chloride was found necessary. Increasing the concentration of calcium chloride beyond 0.25% resulted in impairing the quality of meat, the texture becoming more fibrous and the flavour being adversely affected. Other firming agents tried did not yield any beneficial effect. The meat so blanched yielded a good product when canned in natural style.

First development and characterisation of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies to the emerging fresh water toxin cylindrospermopsin

As increasing incidences in the occurrence of cylindrospermopsin (CYN) appear, in addition to further research on its toxicological nature, improved rapid methods to detect this toxin are required. Antibody based assays are renowned for their ability to provide rapid, portable, simple to use tests. As yet however there are no publications outlining how an antibody to CYN can be produced. A range of chemical approaches was investigated to synthesise CYN immunogens for antibody production but failed to generate a response. Finally, a modified Mannich reaction for immunogen synthesis was employed to couple the toxin to two carrier proteins. Both protein conjugates were successfully used to raise both polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies of high sensitivity to CYN. These antibodies were characterised employing competitive indirect ELISA and an optical biosensor assay. By ELISA the sensitivity achieved ranged from 27 to 131. pg/mL and by SPR 4.4 to 11.1. ng/mL thus demonstrating that the selection of immunoassay platform is important for the detection level required by the end user for their application. Low cross-reactivity to the much less toxic metabolite deoxyCYN was observed. This is the first reported production of antibodies to this toxin. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.