Sistema de orientación en espacios interiores mediante balizas digitales

El planteamiento inicial de este proyecto surge debido a que hay personas con discapacidad cognitiva que se desorientan con mucha facilidad en espacios interiores. Para guiar a esas personas no se pueden usar los sistemas basados en GPS que se utilizan hoy en día en vehículos, ya que estos sistemas no funcionan en lugares cerrados porque no reciben la señal de los satélites. Por consiguiente se ha propuesto una solución basada en otra tecnología para que estas personas, a través de su dispositivo móvil, puedan guiarse en un sitio cerrado. Este Trabajo de Fin de Grado parte inicialmente de un Practicum realizado en el semestre anterior, donde se investigó sobre posibles soluciones de balizas digitales (iBeacons) y se estudió la tecnología iBeacon para conocer la posición del móvil en un espacio cerrado. El principal problema que se encontró fue la falta de precisión a la hora de estimar la distancia (en metros) que hay entre baliza y dispositivo móvil. El objetivo para este trabajo de fin de grado ha sido primeramente resolver el problema comentado anteriormente y una vez resuelto, implementar un prototipo móvil para el sistema operativo Android de un sistema de orientación en espacios interiores para personas con discapacidad cognitiva. Este prototipo ha sido implementado ayudándose de balizas digitales (iBeacons) y utilizando el método de trilateración para conocer la posición del usuario en un sitio cerrado. Además se han aprovechado los sensores (acelerómetro y sensor magnético terrestre) del dispositivo móvil como refuerzo de posicionamiento y para seguir de forma más precisa el movimiento del usuario. En el prototipo actual no se han dedicado recursos a diseñar una interacción fácil para personas con discapacidad cognitiva, debido a que su principal objetivo ha sido evaluar el funcionamiento de las balizas y las posibilidades del sistema de orientación. El resultado final de este TFG es incorporar una serie de luces asociadas a cada una de las balizas que ayuden al usuario a orientarse con mayor facilidad.---ABSTRACT---The initial approach of this project arises because there are people with cognitive disabilities who become disoriented in closed sites. To guide these people it cannot be used GPS, because this system does not work in closed sites because it does not receive the satellite signals. Therefore, it has proposed a solution based on another technology so that these people, through their smartphone, can be guided in a closed site. This final degree project comes from a Practicum made in the previous semester, where possible solutions about iBeacons were investigated and the iBeacon technology was studied too. All this, to know the mobile position in a closed site. The main problem encountered was the lack of precision to calculate the distance between a mobile phone and a beacon. The first objective has been to solve distance problem mentioned above, once resolved it has implemented a prototype, which consists in a guidance system in closed sites for a people with cognitive disabilities. This prototype has been implemented with beacons and trilateration to know user position in a closed site. In addition, mobile phone sensors have been used to follow user movement. In the current prototype, the main objective has been evaluate iBeacons performance and the guidance system. The result of this TFG is to incorporate a series of lights associated with each of the beacons to make easier the orientation.

Influencia de la altura de lluvia en la atenuación por precipitación en comunicaciones por satélite

El objetivo principal de este Proyecto Fin de Grado es el estudio experimental de la atenuación, producida por las precipitaciones, en los enlaces Tierra – satélite en banda Ka. En particular, se ha realizado el estudio para una frecuencia de 19,701 GHz, que corresponde con la frecuencia de una de las balizas del satélite Hot Bird 13 de Eutelsat. Para la realización del estudio se dispone de datos experimentales recogidos por sondeos realizados en la estación meteorológica de Madrid - Barajas y de datos sinópticos. La primera parte del proyecto comienza con una descripción de los fundamentos teóricos de los distintos fenómenos que afectan a la propagación en un enlace por satélite, y se enumeran los distintos modelos de predicción más importantes. Posteriormente se describen en más detalle algunos modelos de predicción propuestos por la Unión Internacional de Telecomunicaciones (UIT). En la segunda parte del mismo se explica en detalle el proceso necesario para el procesado de los datos experimentales, con el fin de poder manejarlos de forma más sencilla a la hora de presentar los resultados pertinentes. En una tercera parte se recogen los resultados experimentales obtenidos para el caso de la altura de la isoterma a 0˚C y de la atenuación por lluvia. El capítulo dedicado al estudio de la altura de la isoterma a 0˚C se centra en obtener dicho dato a partir de los datos experimentales de los sondeos, que fueron procesados con anterioridad. Así mismo, se realizará una comparativa de estos datos experimentales con los proporcionados por la UIT en la Recomendación 839. En el capítulo dedicado al estudio de la atenuación producida por la lluvia se compararán los resultados obtenidos de forma experimental con los datos proporcionados por la UIT en la Recomendación 618. Por último se recoge en un capítulo las conclusiones obtenidas con la realización de este PFG y las líneas futuras de investigación. ABSTRACT. The main aim of this Final Degree Project is the experimental study of attenuation by precipitation, in links Earth – Ka band satellite. In particular, the study was performed at a frequency of 19.701 GHz, which corresponds to the frequency of one of the beacons of the satellite Hot Bird 13 (Eutelsat). There is experimental data and synoptic data provided, which was collected from surveys in the Madrid- Barajas weather station. The first part of the project outlines some theoretical foundations regarding different phenomena which affect propagation in a satellite link and includes the most important prediction models. Additionally, some prediction models proposed by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) are outlined in detail. In the second part, the process for the processing of the experimental data is explained in detail. This process is necessary in order to be able to utilize the data more easily when presenting the results of this project. In the third part, the experimental results obtained in the study are presented for both cases: isotherm height at 0°C and rain attenuation. The chapter dedicated to the study of the isotherm height at 0°C focuses on obtaining the real isotherm height at 0°C from the experimental data processed previously. Furthermore, a comparison will be made between the experimental results and data proposed by ITU in Recommendation 839. The chapter dedicated to the study of rain attenuation focuses on making a comparison between the results from the experimental data and data proposed by ITU in Recommendation 618. Finally, there is a chapter which revises all the conclusions obtained throughout this project and provides recommendations for future research.

Thermodynamic basis of the enhanced specificity of structured DNA probes

Molecular beacons are DNA probes that form a stem-and-loop structure and possess an internally quenched fluorophore. When they bind to complementary nucleic acids, they undergo a conformational transition that switches on their fluorescence. These probes recognize their targets with higher specificity than probes that cannot form a hairpin stem, and they easily discriminate targets that differ from one another by only a single nucleotide. Our results show that molecular beacons can exist in three different states: bound to a target, free in the form of a hairpin structure, and free in the form of a random coil. Thermodynamic analysis of the transitions between these states reveals that enhanced specificity is a general feature of conformationally constrained probes.

Simultaneous A8344G heteroplasmy and mitochondrial DNA copy number quantification in Myoclonus Epilepsy and Ragged-Red Fibers (MERRF) syndrome by a multiplex Molecular Beacon based real-time fluorescence PCR

The association of a particular mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutation with different clinical phenotypes is a well-known feature of mitochondrial diseases. A simple genotype–phenotype correlation has not been found between mutation load and disease expression. Tissue and intercellular mosaicism as well as mtDNA copy number are thought to be responsible for the different clinical phenotypes. As disease expression of mitochondrial tRNA mutations is mostly in postmitotic tissues, studies to elucidate disease mechanisms need to be performed on patient material. Heteroplasmy quantitation and copy number estimation using small patient biopsy samples has not been reported before, mainly due to technical restrictions. In order to resolve this problem, we have developed a robust assay that utilizes Molecular Beacons to accurately quantify heteroplasmy levels and determine mtDNA copy number in small samples carrying the A8344G tRNALys mutation. It provides the methodological basis to investigate the role of heteroplasmy and mtDNA copy number in determining the clinical phenotypes.

Contribuições ao processo de inserção das PMES no mercado de capitais brasileiro

O crescimento de uma empresa pode ser apoiado com recursos de terceiros provenientes do mercado de crédito ou do mercado de capitais. Credores ou potenciais investidores disponibilizam recursos a partir de um processo de avaliação de indicadores de performance. Para as PMEs que consideram o crescimento, conhecer como os indicadores relevantes se comportam ao longo de um ciclo de crescimento é uma questão estratégica. Fatores como tamanho, lucratividade, oportunidades de crescimento, composição de ativos das empresas, risco inerente aos resultados, têm sido vinculados a determinantes de uma estrutura de capital. Assim sendo, este trabalho busca verificar quais indicadores podem nortear o desempenho empresarial de PMEs ao longo de um ciclo de crescimento. Como contribuição original, este trabalho apresenta um painel com indicadores em diferentes estágios de crescimento que resultam na geração de valor para os proprietários e potenciais investidores do mercado de capitais. A amostra inicial é composta por 1.610 empresas para o período de 2010 a 2014. Entretanto, considerando a disponibilidade de informações, a amostra final é composta por 28 empresas de porte médio/grande, 387 empresas grandes e 138 empresas listadas na BM&FBOVESPA, totalizando 553 empresas. A metodologia adotada envolve a classificação de porte de empresa do BNDES como critério para definir ciclo de crescimento, e testes de estatística descritiva, análise fatorial, análise de correlação, regressão múltipla linear e montagem de painel. Como resultado, verificou-se que as variáveis tamanho, composição de ativos e lucratividade são fatores que explicam o endividamento de curto prazo para o estágio médias/grandes empresas. Ainda, que esses fatores explicam o endividamento de longo prazo para os estágios grandes e empresas listadas na BM&FBOVESPA. Tais resultados estão de acordo com estudos prévios, mas as variáveis relacionadas a volatilidade e crescimento não foram significantes nos modelos para os estágios de empresas. O painel montado a partir das variáveis de composição de ativos e lucratividade indicou que endividamento de curto prazo, endividamento de longo prazo, receita líquida, retorno sobre o patrimônio líquido e lucros antes de juros, impostos, depreciação e amortização (EBITDA) sinalizam empresas, em cada estágio de ciclo de crescimento do estudo, que buscam o crescimento com rentabilidade acima da média e atendem a critérios valorizados pelo investidor do mercado de capitais. Estes indicadores podem sinalizar o desempenho empresarial de PMEs ao longo de um ciclo de crescimento

Canales, sifones y almenaras: el impacto ambiental de las infraestructuras del Canal de Isabel II (Madrid)

El presente artículo tiene como finalidad, valorar el impacto ambiental de las conducciones del Canal de Isabel II en el contexto del paisaje. Partimos de la idea según la cual, las infraestructuras del Canal de Isabel II, y más que formar parte del paisaje por el que se extienden, son el propio paisaje. Nuestra zona de estudio es el noroeste de la Comunidad de Madrid (síntesis de la interacción de los propios agentes naturales, de la ocupación humana y de los usos del suelo), área a la que nos aproximarnos a través de la investigación de la integración paisajística, entendida ésta como una estrategia de intervención en el territorio, que tiene como objetivo principal orientar las transformaciones del paisaje o corregir las ya realizadas, para conseguir su adaptación al propio paisaje. En definitiva, nos encontramos ante la necesidad de ajustar un objeto o actuación territorial a las características fisonómicas de un paisaje dado, o de algunos de sus componentes, así como a su carácter y a sus contenidos semánticos.

Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, 1832 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Chart of Narraganset Bay : surveyed in 1832 by Capt. Alex. S. Wadsworth ... [et al.] of the U.S. Navy, by order of the Honr. Levi Woodbury, secretary of the Navy. It was published by the U.S. Navy ca. 1832. Scale [1:24,000]. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Rhode Island State Plane Coordinate System (NAD 1983 in Feet) (FIPS 3800). All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows coastal features such as lighthouses, buoys, beacons, rocks, channels, points, coves, islands, bottom soil types, wharves, and more. Includes also selected land features such as roads, drainage, land cover, selected buildings, towns, and more. Relief shown by hachures. Depths shown by soundings. Includes notes.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps of New England from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

New York Bay and Harbor, and vicinity, 1844 (Image 2 of 6) (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Map of New-York Bay and Harbor and the environs : sheet no. 2, founded upon a trigonometrical survey under the direction of F.R. Hassler, superintendent of the Survey of the Coast of the United States ; triangulation by James Ferguson and Edmund Blunt, assistants ; the hydrography under the direction of Thomas R. Gedney, lieutenant U.S. Navy ; the topography by C. Renard and T.A. Jenkins assists. It was published by Survey of the Coast of the United States in 1844-1845. Scale 1:30,000. This layer is image 2 of 6 total images of the six sheet source map, representing the southeast portion of the map. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Zone 18N NAD83 projection. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows coastal features such as lighthouses, buoys, beacons, rocks, channels, points, coves, islands, bottom soil types, wharves, and more. Includes also selected land features such as roads, drainage, land cover, forts, selected buildings, towns, and more. Relief shown by hachures. Depths are shown by soundings and shading. Includes text, table of currents and stations, notes, sailing directions, 4 coastal panoramas and 2 views of Sandy Hook Light. This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from The Harvard Map Collection as part of the Imaging the Urban Environment project. Maps selected for this project represent major urban areas and cities of the world, at various time periods. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features at a large scale. The selection represents a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates, scales, and purposes.

New York Bay and Harbor, and vicinity, 1844 (Image 1 of 6) (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Map of New-York Bay and Harbor and the environs : sheet no. 1, founded upon a trigonometrical survey under the direction of F.R. Hassler, superintendent of the Survey of the Coast of the United States ; triangulation by James Ferguson and Edmund Blunt, assistants ; the hydrography under the direction of Thomas R. Gedney, lieutenant U.S. Navy ; the topography by C. Renard and T.A. Jenkins assists. It was published by Survey of the Coast of the United States in 1844-1845. Scale 1:30,000. This layer is image 1 of 6 total images of the six sheet source map, representing the southwest portion of the map. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Zone 18N NAD83 projection. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows coastal features such as lighthouses, buoys, beacons, rocks, channels, points, coves, islands, bottom soil types, wharves, and more. Includes also selected land features such as roads, drainage, land cover, forts, selected buildings, towns, and more. Relief shown by hachures. Depths are shown by soundings and shading. Includes text, table of currents and stations, notes, sailing directions, 4 coastal panoramas and 2 views of Sandy Hook Light. This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from The Harvard Map Collection as part of the Imaging the Urban Environment project. Maps selected for this project represent major urban areas and cities of the world, at various time periods. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features at a large scale. The selection represents a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates, scales, and purposes.

New York Bay and Harbor, and vicinity, 1844 (Image 4 of 6) (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Map of New-York Bay and Harbor and the environs : sheet no. 4, founded upon a trigonometrical survey under the direction of F.R. Hassler, superintendent of the Survey of the Coast of the United States ; triangulation by James Ferguson and Edmund Blunt, assistants ; the hydrography under the direction of Thomas R. Gedney, lieutenant U.S. Navy ; the topography by C. Renard and T.A. Jenkins assists. It was published by Survey of the Coast of the United States in 1844-1845. Scale 1:30,000. This layer is image 4 of 6 total images of the six sheet source map, representing the southwest portion of the map. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Zone 18N NAD83 projection. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows coastal features such as lighthouses, buoys, beacons, rocks, channels, points, coves, islands, bottom soil types, wharves, and more. Includes also selected land features such as roads, drainage, land cover, forts, selected buildings, towns, and more. Relief shown by hachures. Depths are shown by soundings and shading. Includes text, table of currents and stations, notes, sailing directions, 4 coastal panoramas and 2 views of Sandy Hook Light. This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from The Harvard Map Collection as part of the Imaging the Urban Environment project. Maps selected for this project represent major urban areas and cities of the world, at various time periods. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features at a large scale. The selection represents a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates, scales, and purposes.

New York Bay and Harbor, and vicinity, 1844 (Image 1 of 6) (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Map of New-York Bay and Harbor and the environs : sheet no. 3, founded upon a trigonometrical survey under the direction of F.R. Hassler, superintendent of the Survey of the Coast of the United States ; triangulation by James Ferguson and Edmund Blunt, assistants ; the hydrography under the direction of Thomas R. Gedney, lieutenant U.S. Navy ; the topography by C. Renard and T.A. Jenkins assists. It was published by Survey of the Coast of the United States in 1844-1845. Scale 1:30,000. This layer is image 3 of 6 total images of the six sheet source map, representing the southwest portion of the map. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Zone 18N NAD83 projection. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows coastal features such as lighthouses, buoys, beacons, rocks, channels, points, coves, islands, bottom soil types, wharves, and more. Includes also selected land features such as roads, drainage, land cover, forts, selected buildings, towns, and more. Relief shown by hachures. Depths are shown by soundings and shading. Includes text, table of currents and stations, notes, sailing directions, 4 coastal panoramas and 2 views of Sandy Hook Light. This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from The Harvard Map Collection as part of the Imaging the Urban Environment project. Maps selected for this project represent major urban areas and cities of the world, at various time periods. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features at a large scale. The selection represents a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates, scales, and purposes.

New York Bay and Harbor, and vicinity, 1844 (Image 5 of 6) (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Map of New-York Bay and Harbor and the environs : sheet no. 5, founded upon a trigonometrical survey under the direction of F.R. Hassler, superintendent of the Survey of the Coast of the United States ; triangulation by James Ferguson and Edmund Blunt, assistants ; the hydrography under the direction of Thomas R. Gedney, lieutenant U.S. Navy ; the topography by C. Renard and T.A. Jenkins assists. It was published by Survey of the Coast of the United States in 1844-1845. Scale 1:30,000. This layer is image 5 of 6 total images of the six sheet source map, representing the southwest portion of the map. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Zone 18N NAD83 projection. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows coastal features such as lighthouses, buoys, beacons, rocks, channels, points, coves, islands, bottom soil types, wharves, and more. Includes also selected land features such as roads, drainage, land cover, forts, selected buildings, towns, and more. Relief shown by hachures. Depths are shown by soundings and shading. Includes text, table of currents and stations, notes, sailing directions, 4 coastal panoramas and 2 views of Sandy Hook Light. This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from The Harvard Map Collection as part of the Imaging the Urban Environment project. Maps selected for this project represent major urban areas and cities of the world, at various time periods. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features at a large scale. The selection represents a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates, scales, and purposes.

New York Bay and Harbor, and vicinity, 1844 (Image 6 of 6) (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Map of New-York Bay and Harbor and the environs : sheet no. 6, founded upon a trigonometrical survey under the direction of F.R. Hassler, superintendent of the Survey of the Coast of the United States ; triangulation by James Ferguson and Edmund Blunt, assistants ; the hydrography under the direction of Thomas R. Gedney, lieutenant U.S. Navy ; the topography by C. Renard and T.A. Jenkins assists. It was published by Survey of the Coast of the United States in 1844-1845. Scale 1:30,000. This layer is image 6 of 6 total images of the six sheet source map, representing the southwest portion of the map. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Zone 18N NAD83 projection. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows coastal features such as lighthouses, buoys, beacons, rocks, channels, points, coves, islands, bottom soil types, wharves, and more. Includes also selected land features such as roads, drainage, land cover, forts, selected buildings, towns, and more. Relief shown by hachures. Depths are shown by soundings and shading. Includes text, table of currents and stations, notes, sailing directions, 4 coastal panoramas and 2 views of Sandy Hook Light. This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from The Harvard Map Collection as part of the Imaging the Urban Environment project. Maps selected for this project represent major urban areas and cities of the world, at various time periods. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features at a large scale. The selection represents a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates, scales, and purposes.

San Francisco Bay Area, California, Nautical Chart, 1877 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Entrance to San Francisco Bay, California, from a trigonometrical survey under the direction of A.D. Bache, Superintendent of the Survey of the Coast of the United States ; triangulation by R.D. Cutts, asst. & A.F. Rodgers, sub-asst. ; topography by R.D. Cutts, asst., A.M. Harrison & A.F. Rodgers, sub-assts. ; hydrography by the party under the command of Lieut. Comdg. James Alden, U.S.N. assist. It was published by The Survey in 1877. Scale 1:50,000. Covers the San Francisco Bay Area. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the California Zone III State Plane Coordinate System NAD83 (in Feet) (Fipszone 0403). All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows coastal features such as lighthouses, buoys, beacons, rocks, channels, points, coves, islands, bottom soil types, wharves, and more. Includes also selected land features such as roads, railroads, drainage, land cover, selected buildings, towns, and more. Relief shown by hachures and spot heights; depths by sounding, shading, and contours. Includes inset map: Sub-sketch of entrance to San Francisco Bay (Scale 1:400,000), and inset views: View of the entrance to San Francisco Bay, Alcatraz N.E. by E. 1/2 (by compass 10 miles) -- View of the entrance to San Francisco Bay from Yerba Buena Id. -- View of the entrance to San Pablo Bay from near Angel Id. Also includes text and tables. This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from The Harvard Map Collection as part of the Imaging the Urban Environment project. Maps selected for this project represent major urban areas and cities of the world, at various time periods. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features at a large scale. The selection represents a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates, scales, and purposes.

San Francisco Bay Area, California, Nautical Chart, 1889 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: San Francisco entrance, California, United States Coast and Geodetic Survey ; eng.d by J. Enthoffer, E.A. Maedel, J.J. Young, W.A. Thompson, H.M. Knight, A. Peterson, and J.G. Thompson; red.r dr.ng by A. Lindenkohl, C. Junken, E. Molkow, E.J. Sommer. It was published by U.S.C. & G.S., printed March 15, 1889, corrected to April 12, 1889. Scale 1:40,000. Covers the San Francisco Bay Area. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the California Zone III State Plane Coordinate System NAD83 (in Feet) (Fipszone 0403). All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows coastal features such as lighthouses, buoys, beacons, rocks, channels, points, coves, islands, bottom soil types, wharves, and more. Includes also selected land features such as roads, railroads, drainage, land cover, selected buildings, towns, and more. Relief shown by contours and spot heights; depths by soundings. Includes notes, tables, and list of authorities. This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from The Harvard Map Collection as part of the Imaging the Urban Environment project. Maps selected for this project represent major urban areas and cities of the world, at various time periods. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features at a large scale. The selection represents a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates, scales, and purposes.