Evaluación de la calidad del agua superficial utilizando indicadores biológicos en la subcuenca del Rio La Trinidad, Diriamba, Carazo, en el año hidrológico 2010-2011

En la subcuenca del Río La Trinidad, municipio de Diriamba, Carazo, se monitoreó la calidad del agua superficial desde julio del 2010 a a bril 2011. E l objetivo fue evaluar la calidad del agua superficial de la subcuenca del Río La Trinidad, utilizando indicadores biológicos , fisico-quimicos y bacteriológicos para generar la línea base como soporte a la toma de decisiones en el manejo integrado de cuencas. Se utilizó el método Biological Monitoring Working Party BMWP/Col. para determinar la calidad biológica del agua superficial. Los resultados muestran que las familias de macro-invertebrados identificados en los muestreos son: 2,468 individuos pertenecientes a 11órdenes y 27 familias. Tricorythidae fue la más abundante con 776 individuos, seguida de Leptophlebiidae: con 601, Hydropsychidae: 260, Physidae: 168, Thiaridae:121, Gomphidae: 107, Baetidae:103 y Chironomidae: con 100. Las 19 familias restantes presentaron entre 1 y 39 individuos. La clasificación biológica del agua del río presenta dos tipos de clasificación: clase II (ligeramente contaminada) y clase III (dudosa), en dependencia de las actividades agropecuarias que se desarrollen. El análisis bacteriólogico presentó Coliformes fecales y totales muy altos (más de 1,200 NMP/100 ml), la Norma Regional CAPRE. (1994) no permite el consumo humano, uso doméstico, por daños causado a la salud. La relacion entre DBO5/DQO, en la parte alta 0.01 mg/l, en la parte media 0.14 mg/l y en la baja 0.02 mg/l, señalando que en algunos puntos de la subcuenca se hacen vertidos inorgánicos dificiles de depurar biologicamente. El uso actual de la tierra está por encima de la capacidad de uso, presentándose fuertes procesos de degradación de los suelos. Concluyéndose que los métodos biológicos y fisico-químicos son complementarios en los procesos de evaluación de la calidad de las aguas. La abundancia de algunas familias está relacionada con las variables fisico-químicas y microbiológicas. La presencia de Thiaridae y Chironomidae se relacionan con altos niveles de microorganismos y bajos niveles de oxígeno. La mayor parte de las tierras son de vocación forestal y están siendo utilizadas para ganadería extensiva con pastos naturales de bajo valor nutritivo y sobrepastoreo

Expressão do colágeno I, III e metaloproteinase nos diferentes graus de Gleason e estadio patológico do câncer prostático

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar se a expressão do colágeno tipo I, III e metaloproteinase podem estar relacionadas com o grau de Gleason, estadio patológico e PSA pré-operatório, e se isto poderia servir como prognóstico de doença. O grupo de estudo incluiu espécimes de prostatectomia radical de 33 pacientes com adenocarcinoma submetidos à cirurgia no período de 2001 a 2009. Os pacientes foram divididos em 3 grupos: grau de Gleason = 6 (13 pacientes), escore de Gleason = 7 (10 pacientes), escore de Gleason ≥ 8 (10 pacientes). O tecido prostático benigno adjacente à area de câncer nos graus de Gleason foi utilizado como grupo controle. As áreas de adenocarcinoma e de tecido benigno foram selecionados sob análise microscópica e processados para colágeno I e III sob análise do gene por PCR em Tempo Real. Dez seções desparafinadas de cada grupo foram utilizados para avaliar o colágeno I, III e a imunoexpressão de metaloproteinase. Os resultados foram relacionados com o grau de Gleason, PSA pré-operatório e estadio patológico. Apesar da diferença significativa na expressão gênica de ambos colágeno I e III entre as áreas de tecido prostático benigno e tumor nas amostras de próstata Gleason = 6 (colágeno I = 0,4 0,2 vs 5 2,4, p<0,05; colágeno III = 0,2 0,06 vs 0,7 0,1, p<0,05) e grau de Gleason ≥ 8 (I = 8 3,4 vs 1,4 0,8, p<0,05; colágeno III = 1,8 0,5 vs 0,6 0,1, p<0,05), não houve correlação com grau de Gleason, PSA pré-operatório ou estadio patológico. Houve uma correlação positiva entre a expressão de metaloproteinases e grau de Gleason (r2 = 0,47). Concluindo, tem-se que a correlação positiva entre a expressão de metaloproteinases e o grau de Gleason sugere que a metaloproteinase pode ser um fator promissor para melhorar o grau de Gleason. Sua expressão e regulação não parecem estar relacionados com a degradação do colágeno. Não há correlação entre expressão de colágeno e grau de Gleason, nem a nível gênico nem protéico.

Exámenes resueltos de matemáticas III LADE

En la asignatura de Matemáticas III, en la Licenciatura en Administración y Dirección de Empresas, se complementan los estudios de Algebra Lineal introducidos en Matemáticas I y se estudian en profundidad los problemas de programación lineal, imprescindibles en estos estudios. En la primera parte de esta asignatura se aborda el problema de la diagonalización de matrices y el estudio de las formas cuadráticas. La segunda parte de la asignatura se dedica a la programación lineal, incidiendo especialmente en el análisis gráfico de este tipo de tipo de problemas y en el método simplex, que permite resolver estos problemas cuando el número de variables aumenta. Así mismo, se insiste en el correcto planteamiento de estos problemas y en el análisis de sensibilidad. Todos estos conceptos son necesarios en los estudios de Administración y Dirección de Empresas (LADE). Esta publicación recoge la resolución de todos los exámenes propuestos en la asignatura de Matemáticas III, Licenciatura en Administración y Dirección de Empresas, en la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales de la UPV\EHU entre los cursos 2001-2002 y 2009-2010. Los exámenes están dispuestos en el orden en que se realizaron, esto es, los últimos que aparecen son los más recientes.

Relación de problemas resueltos de exámenes de la asignatura Matemáticas III para Economistas de la Licenciatura de Economía

Relación de problemas resueltos de exámenes de la asignatura Matemáticas III para Economistas de la Licenciatura de Economía desde febrero de 2001 hasta junio de 2010.

Inscripciones romanas de Segovia, III: "addenda et corrigenda" a «Epigrafía romana de Segovia y su provincia»

[ES] En este artículo presentamos nuestra tercera aportación de novedades de la epigrafía de época romana de la provincia de Segovia, con seis piezas nuevas, recogemos dos ya publicadas, de una aportamos nueva lectura e interpretación, e introducimos un apartado de corrigenda con dos entradas.

Phase perfection in zinc Blende and Wurtzite III-V nanowires using basic growth parameters.

Controlling the crystallographic phase purity of III-V nanowires is notoriously difficult, yet this is essential for future nanowire devices. Reported methods for controlling nanowire phase require dopant addition, or a restricted choice of nanowire diameter, and only rarely yield a pure phase. Here we demonstrate that phase-perfect nanowires, of arbitrary diameter, can be achieved simply by tailoring basic growth parameters: temperature and V/III ratio. Phase purity is achieved without sacrificing important specifications of diameter and dopant levels. Pure zinc blende nanowires, free of twin defects, were achieved using a low growth temperature coupled with a high V/III ratio. Conversely, a high growth temperature coupled with a low V/III ratio produced pure wurtzite nanowires free of stacking faults. We present a comprehensive nucleation model to explain the formation of these markedly different crystal phases under these growth conditions. Critical to achieving phase purity are changes in surface energy of the nanowire side facets, which in turn are controlled by the basic growth parameters of temperature and V/III ratio. This ability to tune crystal structure between twin-free zinc blende and stacking-fault-free wurtzite not only will enhance the performance of nanowire devices but also opens new possibilities for engineering nanowire devices, without restrictions on nanowire diameters or doping.

Au-catalyzed InP nanowires: The influence of growth temperature and V/III ratio

Growth of Au-catalyzed InP nanowires (NWs) by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) has been studied in the temperature range of 400-510 °C and V/III ratio of 44-700. We demonstrate that minimal tapering of InP NWs can be achieved at 400 °C and V/III ratio of 350. Zinc-blende (ZB) or wurtzite (WZ) NWs is obtained depending on the growth conditions. 4K microphotoluminescence (μ-PL) studies show that emission energy is blue-shifted as growth temperature increases. By changing these growth parameters, one can tune the emission wavelength of InP NWs which is attractive for applications in developing novel optoelectronic devices. © 2010 IEEE.

Growth temperature and V/III ratio effects on the morphology and crystal structure of InP nanowires

The effects of growth temperature and V/III ratio on the morphology and crystallographic phases of InP nanowires that are grown by metal organic chemical vapour deposition have been studied. We show that higher growth temperatures or higher V/III ratios promote the formation of wurtzite nanowires while zinc-blende nanowires are favourableat lower growth temperatures and lower V/III ratios. A schematic map of distribution of zinc-blende and wurtzite structures has been developed in the range of growth temperatures (400-510 °C) and V/III ratios (44 to 700) investigated in this study. © 2010 IOP Publishing Ltd.

III-V族化合物半导体超晶格的喇曼散射研究

于G批量导入至Hzhangdi

Controlled growth of III-V compound semiconductor nano-structures and their application in quantum-devices

Various techniques on the growth of self-assembled compound semiconductor nano-structures (quantum dots, QDs) have been tried to enhance the controlling on size, density, emitting wavelength, uniformity in size and ordering in location of the QDs. Optimized growth conditions have been used in the application of the QD materials in opto-electronic devices. High-power long-lifetime quantum-dot laser-diodes (QD-LDs) emitting near 1 mu m, QD-LDs emitting in red-light range, 1.3 mu m QD-LDs on GaAs substrate and quantum-dot super-luminescent diodes (QD-SLDs) have successfully been achieved.

不同状态MnO2对废水中As（III）的吸附研究

于2010-11-23批量导入

MOCVD growth of high quality crack-free GaN on Si(III) substrates

High quality crack free GaN epilayers were grown on Si(111) substrates. Low temperature AlN interlayer grown under low V/III ratio was used to effectively eliminate the formation of micro-cracks. It is found that tensile stress in the GaN epilayer decreases as the N/Al ratio decreases used for AlN interlayer growth. The high optical and structural qualities of the GaN/Si samples were characterized by RBS, PL and XRD measurements. The RT-PL FWHM of the band edge emission is only 39.5meV The XRD FWHM of the GaN/Si sample is 8.2arcmin, which is among the best values ever reported.

Dynamic behaviors of mode III interfacial crack under a constant loading rate

In an earlier study on intersonic crack propagation, Gao et al. (J. Mech. Phys. Solids 49: 2113-2132, 2001) described molecular dynamics simulations and continuum analysis of the dynamic behaviors of a mode II dominated crack moving along a weak plane under a constant loading rate. The crack was observed to initiate its motion at a critical time after the onset of loading, at which it is rapidly accelerated to the Rayleigh wave speed and propagates at this speed for a finite time interval until an intersonic daughter crack is nucleated at a peak stress at a finite distance ahead of the original crack tip. The present article aims to analyze this behavior for a mode III crack moving along a bi-material interface subject to a constant loading rate. We begin with a crack in an initially stress-free bi-material subject to a steadily increasing stress. The crack initiates its motion at a critical time governed by the Griffith criterion. After crack initiation, two scenarios of crack propagation are investigated: the first one is that the crack moves at a constant subsonic velocity; the second one is that the crack moves at the lower shear wave speed of the two materials. In the first scenario, the shear stress ahead of the crack tip is singular with exponent -1/2, as expected; in the second scenario, the stress singularity vanishes but a peak stress is found to emerge at a distance ahead of the moving crack tip. In the latter case, a daughter crack supersonic with respect to the softer medium can be expected to emerge ahead of the initial crack once the peak stress reaches the cohesive strength of the interface.

Understanding the branching ratios of chi(c1) -> phi phi,omega omega,omega phi observed at BES-III

In this work, we discuss the contribution of the mesonic loops to the decay rates of chi(c1) -> phi phi, omega omega, which are suppressed by the helicity selection rules and chi(c1) -> phi omega, which is a double- Okubo- ZweigIizuka forbidden process. We find that the mesonic loop effects naturally explain the clear signals of chi(c1) -> phi phi, omega omega decay modes observed by the BES Collaboration. Moreover, we investigate the effects of the omega - phi mixing, which may result in the order of magnitude of the branching ratio BR(chi(c1) -> omega phi) being 10(-7). Thus, we are waiting for the accurate measurements of the BR(chi(c1) -> omega omega), BR(chi(c1) -> phi phi) and BR(chi(c1) -> omega phi) which may be very helpful for testing the long- distant contribution and the omega - phi mixing in chi(c1) -> phi phi, omega omega, omega phi decays.