Plantas antagonistas no manejo de Meloidogyne incognita, em solo arenoso de área de cultivo de olerícolas

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of antagonistic plants on nematode control in vegetables growing areas. The experiment was conducted in two periods in randomized complete block design in plots 1.5 x 1.4 m, corresponding to experimental units and randomly cultivated with the different plants. From each plot 100 cm(3) of soil and 10 g of tomato root were collected for estimating the initial population of the first and second experiment, respectively. Sixteen antagonistic plant seedlings of velvet bean (Stizolobium aterrimum), sunn plant (Crotalaria spectabilis) and pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) were transferred to the plots and tomato (Solanun lycopersicum) cultivar Santa Clara was used as a control. After 116 days, two root systems and 100 cm(3) of soil were collected from each plot for a final nematode population analysis. Lettuce seedlings (Lactuca sativa) were transferred to the plots and evaluated after 28 and 42 days, respectively, for galls and eggs on the root system and fresh and dry weight of shoots,. Each treatment consisted of 6 replicates and the means were compared by LSD test (p<0.05). Meloidogyne incognita was found in the first survey. After the crop of the antagonistic plants, the M. incognita population in the root systems and the final population (soil + root) were statistically lower than in the control, which demonstrates the antagonistic effect of these plants on the nematode population. There were also a reduced number of galls on the lettuce cultivated after the antagonistic plants when compared to the control. The velvet bean and sunn plant showed an increase in dry shoot weight of the lettuce cultivated after the antagonists, respectively, in the first and second experiments.

Susceptibility of winter crops to Pratylenchus brachyurus and effect on the nematode population in the maize crop

The aim of this study was to evaluate the susceptibility of winter crops to Pratylenchus brachyurus and their effect on the population of phytonematodes in the maize. To study the effect of the plants on nematodes, an experiment was set up in sandy, naturally-infested soil. The area was divided into strips, consisting of six blocks of 16 treatments, with eight winter treatments, subdivided on the basis of the fertilizer used (organic: bird litter, and synthetic: NPK). The initial nematode population was determined by sampling the soil (100 cm(3)) and weeds (10 g of root). The winter treatments put in place (bristle oats, chickpea, vetch bean, common bean, oilseed radish, wheat, intercropped bristle oats + oilseed radish and fallow), and the nematode population determined 100 days after sowing. Subsequently, two maize crops (summer and short season) were planted, and the nematode population in the soil and roots determined during crop full bloom. To evaluate the susceptibility of winter crops to nematodes, an experiment was conducted under controlled conditions, determining the nematode reproduction factor (RF) in the treatments described above. Both in the field and under controlled conditions, it was observed that the bristle oats, oilseed radish and intercropped oats + oilseed radish exhibited lower reproduction rates for P. brachyurus. In the field, lower population of nematodes was observed with the application of bird litter. Under controlled conditions, the highest RF were observed in the fallow plot and under common bean and chickpea, in that order.

Medicinal plants' hosting ability for nematode meloidogyne javanica and m. incognita

Baida, F.C., D.C. Santiago, L. H. I. Vidal, L. C. Baida, C. T. Stroze. 2011. Medicinal Plants' Hosting Ability for Nematode Suitability Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica. Nematropica 41: 150-153.Medicinal plants can be attacked by pests, diseases and nematodes, which can compromise the quality and quantity of their healing properties and their yield. The aim of this study was to analyse the reaction of 15 medicinal plant species to the nematode Meloidogyne spp. The seedlings were produced by seed germination or cuttings under greenhouse conditions. A completely random experimental pattern of 15 treatments and 10 replications was chosen for the study. The seedlings were inoculated with approximately 5000 eggs + J(2)/plant 20 days after planting. Plant height and fresh and dry leaf weight, were measured 60 days after planting. The roots were collected, thoroughly washed and stained with Philoxine B and then processed to extract the eggs to determine the reproduction factor. For M. incognita the results showed that Chamomile was susceptible with RF = 1,64 making it a good host, and the other plants were resistant (RF < 1), and for M. javanica that all the plants showed resistance (RF < 1), Myrrh, Rue and Balsam demonstrating immunity (RF = 0).

Aggressiveness of pratylenchus brachyurus to sugarcane, compared with key nematode p. zeae

Pratylenchus zeae, Meloidogyne javanica and M. incognita are considered key species of nematodes in sugarcane in Brazil, but P. brachyurus is also frequently found. This study was conducted to determine the aggressiveness of P. brachyurus compared with P. zeae to sugarcane. Plants were grown in pots (100 L) in an open area with initial inoculation of 10, 100, 1,000, 10,000 and 100,000/plant for P. brachyurus and P. zeae. The nematode inocula were from in vitro, carrot-cylinder cultures. Sampling was performed every 60 days until 300 days after inoculation. At harvest, we evaluated the population dynamics of the nematodes and plant growth characteristics. The population for the initial levels of 10 and 100,000 specimens/plant, for P. brachyurus and P. zeae at 300 days after inoculation were similar. This fact shows that, upon detection of nematodes in a certain place during the planting of sugarcane, the ratoon on this area should be treated so as to control populations of P. brachyurus and/or P. zeae. The damage caused by the initial population of 10 specimens of P. brachyurus was similar to those of 10.000 specimens of P. zeae. The variety CTC 2 was classified as susceptible to P. zeae and intolerant to P. brachyurus. Compared to the control, the losses as measured by the volume and fresh weight of shoots by the nematode species were 29.82% and 40.34%, respectively. Pratylenchus brachyurus was more aggressive than P. zeae to the CTC 2 sugarcane variety.

Protocylindrocorpus brasiliensis n. sp. (Diplogastroidea: Cylindrocorporidae) associated with the ambrosia beetle, Euplatypus parallelus (f.) (Curculionidae: Platypodinae) in para rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis)

Protocylindrocorpus brasiliensis n. sp. (Diplogastroidea: Cylindrocorporidae) is described from reproductive stages removed from galleries of the ambrosia beetle, Euplatypus parallelus (F.) (Curculionidae: Platypodinae) in Para rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis) in Brazil. This is the first record of the genus Protocylindrocorpus from the Neotropics. Males of P. brasiliensis are quite striking because their long spicules extend up to 72% of their total body length. The adults exhibit conspecific agglutination where they congregate in a slimy substance that serves to maintain them in a coherent group for mating. Some of the adults were infected by fungal and protozoan pathogens, implying that disease plays a role in regulating natural populations. The discovery of P. brasiliensis provides new information on nematode structure, behavior, and ecology.

The Role of Science in Controlling Invasive Species: A Case Study on Wild Pigs

Presentation by Dr. Stephen Ditchkoff.

Discarge compilation from The Global River Discharge (RivDIS) Project

The Global River Discharge (RivDIS) data set contains monthly discharge measurements for 1018 stations located throughout the world. The period of record varies widely from station to station, with a mean of 21.5 years. These data were digitized from published UNESCO archives by Charles Voromarty, Balaze Fekete, and B.A. Tucker of the Complex Systems Research Center (CSRC) at the University of New Hampshire. River discharge is typically measured through the use of a rating curve that relates local water level height to discharge. This rating curve is used to estimate discharge from the observed water level. The rating curves are periodically rechecked and recalibrated through on-site measurement of discharge and river stage.

tmRDB (tmRNA database)

The tmRNA database (tmRDB) is maintained at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Texas, and accessible on the World Wide Web at the URL http://psyche.uthct.edu/dbs/tmRDB/tmRDB.html. Mirror sites are located at Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama (http://www.ag.auburn.edu/mirror/tmRDB/) and the Institute of Biological Sciences, Aarhus, Denmark (http://www.bioinf.au.dk/tmRDB/). The tmRDB provides information and citation links about tmRNA, a molecule that combines functions of tRNA and mRNA in trans-translation. tmRNA is likely to be present in all bacteria and has been found in algae chloroplasts, the cyanelle of Cyanophora paradoxa and the mitochondrion of the flagellate Reclinomonas americana. This release adds 26 new sequences and corresponding predicted tmRNA-encoded tag peptides for a total of 86 tmRNAs, ordered alphabetically and phylogenetically. Secondary structures and three-dimensional models in PDB format for representative molecules are being made available. tmRNA alignments prove individual base pairs and are generated manually assisted by computational tools. The alignments with their corresponding structural annotation can be obtained in various formats, including a new column format designed to improve and simplify computational usability of the data.

New Hampshire, 1816 (Image 4 of 6) (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: New Hampshire by recent survey : made under the supreme authority and published according to law by Philip Carrigain ; J.J. Barralet, del. ; W. Harrison, sct., Philada. It was published by Philip Carrigain in 1816. Scale [ca. 1:200,000]. This layer is image 4 of 6 total images, representing the southwest portion of the six sheet source map. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the New Hampshire State Plane coordinate system (NAD 1983 in Feet) (Fipszone 2800). All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads, drainage, public buildings, schools, churches, industry locations (e.g. mills, factories, mines, etc.), selected private buildings with names of property owners, town boundaries, land grants, and more. Relief shown pictorially and by hachures. Includes area notes, text, and table of population. Also includes illustrations: View of the Great Boars Head and Hampton Beach -- The Cap of the White Mountains -- View of the White Mountains from Shelburne; inset maps: States of the Union east of the Hudson with the adjacent British colonies. Scale [ca. 1:1,920,000] -- The middle, southern and western sections of the United States with the territories. Scale [ca. 1:4,900,000]. Includes: ms. additions with updated county boundary & township names.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps of New England from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

Rockingham County, New Hampshire, 1857 (Image 3 of 4) (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Map of Rockingham Co., New Hampshire, by actual surveys by J. Chace, Junr. It was published by Smith and Coffin in 1857. Scale [ca 1:15,840]. This layer is image 3 of 4 total images, representing the southwest portion of the four sheet source map. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the New Hampshire State Plane coordinate system (NAD 1983 in Feet) (Fipszone 2800). All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads, railroads, drainage, public buildings, schools, churches, cemeteries, industry locations (e.g. mills, factories, mines, etc.), private buildings with names of property owners, town boundaries, and more. It includes many cadastral insets of individual county towns and villages. It also includes illustrations, business directories, and tables of statistics and distances.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps of New England from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

Webster, Massachusetts 15 Minute Digital Raster Graphic

This layer is a digital raster graphic of the historic 15-minute USGS topographic map of the Webster, Massachusetts quadrangle. The survey date (ground condition) of the original paper map is 1886-87, the edition date is July, 1892 and this map has a reprint date of 1943. A digital raster graphic (DRG) is a scanned image of a U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) standard series topographic map, including all map collar information. The image inside the map neatline is geo-referenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Universal Transverse Mercator projection. The horizontal positional accuracy and datum of the DRG matches the accuracy and datum of the source map.

Measurement of hydraulic conductivity distributions : a manual of practice /

Mode of access: Internet.

Development of a passenger vehicle finite element model.

Transportation Department, Washington, D.C.

Cost and leadtime estimates for improved pillar padding, automatic slack adjusters, visual brake adjustment indicators and tractor/trailer ABS connections. Final report.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.