Residual antibacterial activity of chlorhexidine digluconate and camphorated p-monochlorophenol in calcium hydroxide-based root canal dressings

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the residual antibacterial activity of several calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH) 2]-based pastes, placed in root canals of dogs' teeth with induced chronic periapical lesions. Root canals were instrumented with the ProFile rotary system and filled with 4 pastes: G1 (n=16): Ca(OH) 2 paste + anesthetic solution; G2 (n=20): Calen® paste + camphorated pmonochlorophenol (CMCP); G3 (n=18): Calen®; and G4 (n=18): Ca(OH) 2 paste + 2% chlorhexidine digluconate. After 21 days, the pastes were removed with size 60 K-files and placed on Petri plates with agar inoculated with Micrococcus luteus ATCC 9341. Pastes that were not placed into root canals served as control. After pre-diffusion, incubation and optimization, the inhibition zones of bacterial growth were measured and analyzed by Mann-Whitney U test at 5% significance level. All pastes showed residual antibacterial activity. The control samples had larger halos (p<0.05). The mean residual antibacterial activity halos in G1, G2, G3 and G4 were 7.6; 10.4; 17.7 and 21.4 mm, respectively. The zones of bacterial growth of G4 were significantly larger than those of G1 and G2 (p<0.05). In conclusion, regardless of the vehicle and antiseptic, all Ca(OH) 2-based pastes showed different degrees of measurable residual antibacterial activity. Furthermore, unlike CMCP, chlorhexidine increased significantly the antibacterial activity of Ca(OH) 2.

In vitro antimicrobial efficiency of a mouthwash containing triclosan/gantrez and sodium bicarbonate

Several antiseptic substances have been used as adjuncts to routine mechanical procedures of oral hygiene, based on their antimicrobial effects. The objective of this study was to assess in vitro the antimicrobial efficiency of 2 mouthwash containing Triclosan/Gantrez and sodium bicarbonate in comparison to both positive and negative controls. Standard strain samples of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Actinomyces viscosus and Bacillus subtilis were used. Samples of Streptococcus mutans and Gram-negative bacilli were collected from 20 volunteers (10 with a clinically healthy periodontium and 10 presenting biofilm-associated gingivitis). Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity was performed by determining the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). The results indicated that the test solution inhibited the growth of both Gram-negative and Gram-positive microorganisms from the volunteers' saliva as well as that of the standard strains at the MIC dilution of 1:20, whereas the MIC dilution of 0.12% chlorhexidine against the same bacteria was 1:80. Thus, even though the tested mouthrinse solution presented an in-vitro antimicrobial activity superior to that of a placebo, it was inferior to that of chlorhexidine.

Recurrent urinary tract infections: Evaluation of the prophylactic efficacy of urinary antiseptics methenamine and methylthioninium chloride

Introduction: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a very common condition in clinical practice, affecting an estimated 50% of all adult women during a lifetime. The most common causative agent is E. coli; UTI may also be caused by S. saprophyticus, Enterobacteria (Klebsiella sp and Serratia sp.), Enterococcus sp., and P aeruginosa. Recurrent UTIs occur at least twice per semester or three times a year. Prophylactic measures to prevent recurrent UTIs include changes in contraception methods, cranberry products, increased fluid intake, urination after intercourse, vaginal estrogen therapy for post-menopausal women, antibiotics, and urinary tract antiseptic agents. Objectives: To evaluate the use of a combination of methenamine and methyl-thioninium chloride in the prophylaxis of recurrent uncomplicated lower UTIs, with respect to: • Signs and symptoms of UTI • Etiologic agent(s) • Recurrence rates • Need for antibiotic therapy in case of recurrence • Incidence of adverse events associated with the treatment, including any reported alterations of laboratory tests Materials & methods: A descriptive, analytic, restrospective study was performed at Hospital Universitário Constantino Otaviano - UNIFESO. Medical charts from patients presenting recurrent uncomplicated lower UTI attended from 2001-present were analyzed, including the following information: Demographic data (age, gender, weight, ethnicity, living conditions): medical history/signs and symptoms of UTI; identification of treatment and dosing regimens; treatment duration; recurrence rates and need for antibiotic therapy in case of recurrence; other medications prescribed; and records of adverse events. Results: E. coli was identified as etiologic agent in 80% of the patients. Following antibiotic therapy, all patients received prophylactic treatment with the combination of methenamine and methylthioninium chloride. Treatment duration ranged from three to six months. Adverse events were observed in 13/60 patients (21.7%). At the end of the respective treatment periods, a statistically significant (p<0.0001) number of patients showed no UTI recurrence. Conclusion: Based on the results from the collected data, we conclude that an orally administered combination of methenamine and methylthioninium chloride is safe and effective in the prophylactic treatment of recurrent uncomplicated lower urinary tract infection. © Copyright Morelra Jr. Editora.

Antibacterial activity of gels with pomegranate, apricot and green tea glycolic extracts

Pomegranate (PGE) and green tea (GTGE) glycolic extracts are being employed in formulations because of their antiseptic and astringent effects. Apricot (AGE) glycolic extract possesses function cooling and antibacterial. The aim was to verify the antibacterial activity of these extracts incorporated in gel base. The antibacterial activity was verified by diffusion in agar method, using cylinder in plate. Plates containing Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538p), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Escherichia coli (ATCC 10536) and Salmonella sp. (ATCC 19196) were incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. After incubation, the results were analysed with a pachymeter, observing the bacterial growth inhibition halo diameter and the statistical significance level was determined. PGE presented activity only against P. aeruginosa; GTGE presented activity against S. aureus, P. aeruginosa and E. coli; and AGE presented activity against P. aeruginosa and Salmonella sp. According to the experimental conditions, it is possible to conclude that GTGE presented the greater growth inhibition halo diameter when compared with other extracts, suggesting higher antibacterial action of this extract.

Development and validation of a microbiological assay for determination of chlorhexidine digluconate in aqueous solution

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Prevalência e suscetibilidade aos antibióticos de enterococcus spp. isoladas da cavidade bucal humana

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Efeito do extrato aquoso de Casearia sylvestris sobre a neutralização e regeneração da mionecrose induzida pelo veneno da Bothrops jaracussu em camundongos: estudo morfológico e funcional

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Desenvolvimento e controle de qualidade de formulação cosmética contendo digluconato de clorexidina

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Estudo da ação do extrato bruto de Morus nigra L. (Moreaceae) e frações fenólicas sobre a atividade antimicrobiana e geração de espécies reativas do oxigênio e nitrogênio: in vitro com ensaios químicos, enzumáticos e celular

Pós-graduação em Biociências e Biotecnologia Aplicadas à Farmácia - FCFAR

Estudo biológico e desenvolvimento de formulação do sal tetrapalmitato de clorexidina para uso em doenças bucais

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Caracterização química e físico-química e estudos preliminares de planejamento da formulação fitoterápica semi-sólida contendo tintura de Calendula officinalis L.

A fitoterapia constitui uma forma de terapia medicinal que vem crescendo visivelmente ao longo dos anos, no entanto, apesar da extensa utilização dos fitoterápicos, a qualidade destes medicamentos muitas vezes é deficiente e questionável. Dentre as plantas medicinais mais empregadas como fitoterápicos, temos a Calendula officinalis L.(Asteraceae), utilizada pelos seus efeitos antiinflamatórios, antisépticos e cicatrizantes. Sendo assim, o presente estudo objetivou aprimorar e consolidar o emprego de metodologias de tecnologia farmacêutica na área de desenvolvimento de fitoterápicos, por meio da realização de estudos preliminares do planejamento/pré-formulação de uma formulação fitoterápica semi-sólida contendo tintura de C. officinalis L., visando o controle de qualidade das etapas do seu desenvolvimento. Na caracterização física e físico-química do pó e da tintura de calêndula foi possível obter especificações farmacognósticas condizentes com as da literatura, além de constatar a identidade do material vegetal através da detecção do marcador químico rutina por CCD. Por meio da validação do método, que apresentou parâmetros recomendados pela legislação vigente, foram determinados 463 μg/mL de rutina na tintura. Os espectros obtidos na região do infravermelho (IV) mostraram bandas características da rutina no extrato liofilizado, além de demonstrar a permanência dessas bandas após sua mistura com os excipientes da formulação. As técnicas termoanalíticas confirmaram a compatibilidade entre os excipientes e o extrato liofilizado de calêndula. Na avaliação da estabilidade preliminar do gel, a formulação permaneceu estável durante a realização dos ciclos em estufa (45 2 0C) e temperatura ambiente (25 2 0C). No estudo preliminar da permeação, o gel apresentou tendência para favorecer a permeação dos flavonóides totais expresso em rutina para a fase receptora. Estes resultados demonstram a importância do emprego de protocolos de controle de qualidade das matérias primas vegetais, além do estabelecimento de metodologias tecnológicas para a produção de fitoterápicos.

Representações sociais da pesquisa do mercúrio em uma comunidade ribeirinha do Tapajós

Este estudo propõe-se a analisar as Representações Sociais dos moradores da comunidade de Barreiras situada às margens do rio Tapajós no município de Itaituba- Pará, quanto às atividades de pesquisa sobre o mercúrio naquela localidade conduzidas por diversas instituições. O referencial teórico adotado foi a abordagem processual das Representações Sociais desenvolvida por Serge Moscovici. Procurou-se delinear os entendimentos desses moradores através da Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin, fazendo-se análise quanti-qualitativa dos dados para investigar os discursos destes atores sociais. Elaboraram-se gráficos contendo as porcentagens quantificadas destas concepções para o estudo dos dados mais relevantes. Ao final, observou-se que os entrevistados são a favor das pesquisas que ali acontecem como expectativa de serem descobertos e atendidos nas suas necessidades, acreditando na existência do mercúrio no rio Tapajós e o associando à atividade garimpeira, embora, tenha-se ainda identificado discursos que confundem o metal mercúrio com o planeta ou o antisséptico. Estas percepções estão ligadas às suas vivências e falas de seus pares sugerindo a necessidade de um serviço permanente de informações, organizado pela própria comunidade e com o apoio dos pesquisadores contribuindo na formação e capacitação de lideranças comunitárias e esclarecimentos, aconselhamento e auto - proteção dessa comunidade a respeito da questão e da pesquisa do mercúrio.

Avaliação da eficácia da clorexidina na cicatrização da região umbilical de avestruzes Struthio camelus (Linnaeus 1758)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Casearia sylvestris Swartz Extract Release Using Natural Rubber Latex Biomembranes as Carrier

The Natural Rubber Latex (NRL) from Hevea brasiliensis has shown promise in biomedical applications due to its low cost, easy handling, mechanical properties and biocompatibility, being used for bone regeneration and wound healing due to its natural stimulus to angiogenesis. The aim of this work was to incorporate Casearia sylvestris Sw. extract in NRL biomembranes and study its release behavior. The complex membrane-extract has as object of study a new approach of using C. sylvestris extract in the treatment of wounds, for possessing antiseptic activity, anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. The C. sylvestris species (Salicaceae), popularly known as "guaçatonga", presents great distribution and is used in folk medicine as antiulcer, wound healing, anti-snake venom, properties which have been proven and related to clerodane diterpenes (casearins A-X). The release rate of C. sylvestris compounds from extract-membrane complex was monitored and analyzed using the method of optical spectroscopy (UV-VIS). The release varied with temperature ranging from 14 to 33 days, releasing more than 90%, with an interesting and promising biomedical application, such as wound healing and burns.

Natural rubber latex: Study of a novel carrier for Casearia sylvestris swartz delivery

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)