Trabajo rural, género y salud. El caso de la producción hortícola en el Cinturón Verde de La Plata

Fil: Ferroni, Pamela. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación; Argentina.

The UK productivity gap in the service sector: do management practices matter?

Purpose – This paper aims to contribute to the debate on the drivers of the productivity gap that exists between the UK and its major international competitors. Design/methodology/approach – From the macro perspective the paper explores the quantitative evidence on the productivity differentials and how they are measured. From the micro perspective, the article explores the quantitative evidence on the role of management practices claimed to be a key determinant in promoting firm competitiveness and in bridging the UK gap. Findings – This study suggests that management practices are an ambiguous driver of firm productivity and higher firm performance. On the methodological side, qualitative and subjective measures of either management practices or firm performance are often used. This makes the results not comparable across studies, across firms or even within firms over time. Productivity and profitability are often and erroneously interchangeably used while productivity is only one element of firm performance. On the other hand, management practices are multi-dimensional constructs that generally do not demonstrate a straightforward relationship with productivity variables. To assume that they are the only driver of higher productivity may be misleading. Moreover, there is evidence of an inverse causal relationship between management practices and firm performance. This calls into question most empirical results of the extant literature based on the unidirectional assumption of direct causality between management practices and firm performance. Research limitations/implications – These and other issues suggest that more research is needed to deepen the understanding of the UK productivity gap and more quantitative evidence should be provided on the way in which management practices contribute to the UK competitiveness. Their impact is not easily measurable due to their complexity and their complementary nature and this is a fertile ground for further research. Originality/value – This paper brings together the evidence on the UK productivity gap and its main drivers, provided by the economics, management and performance measurement literature. This issue scores very highly in the agenda of policy makers and academics and has important implications for practitioners interested in evaluating the impact of managerial best practices.

‘O convergence, where art thou?’ Regional growth and industrialization in Italy

This paper shows that the Italian economy has two long-run equilibria, which are due to the different level of industrialization between the centre-north and the south of the country. These equilibria converge until 1971 but diverge afterwards; the end of the convergence process coincides with the slowing down of Italy's industrialization policy in the South. In this paper we argue that to address this problem effectively, an economic policy completely different from that in place in needed. However, such a policy is unlikely to be implemented given the scarcity of resources and the short run nature of the political cycle.

On the adoption decision and the intensity of use of complementary innovations: The intra firm diffusion of management practices across UK establishments

This paper contributes to the literature on the intra-firm diffusion of innovations by investigating the factors that affect the firm’s decision to adopt and use sets of complementary innovations. We define complementary innovations those innovations whose joint use generates super additive gains, i.e. the gain from the joint adoption is higher than the sum of the gains derived from the adoption of each innovation in isolation. From a theoretical perspective, we present a simple decision model, whereby the firm decides ‘whether’ and ‘how much’ to invest in each of the innovations under investigation based upon the expected profit gain from each possible combination of adoption and use. The model shows how the extent of complementarity among the innovations can affect the firm’s profit gains and therefore the likelihood that the firm will adopt these innovations jointly, rather than individually. From an empirical perspective, we focus on four sets of management practices, namely operating (OMP), monitoring (MMP), targets (TMP) and incentives (IMP) management practices. We show that these sets of practices, although to a different extent, are complementary to each other. Then, we construct a synthetic indicator of the depth of their use. The resulting intra-firm index is built to reflect not only the number of practices adopted but also the depth of their individual use and the extent of their complementarity. The empirical testing of the decision model is carried out using the evidence from the adoption behaviour of a sample of 1,238 UK establishments present in the 2004 Workplace Employment Relations Survey (WERS). Our empirical results show that the intra-firm profitability based model is a good model in that it can explain more of the variability of joint adoption than models based upon the variability of adoption and use of individual practices. We also investigate whether a number of firm specific and market characteristics by affecting the size of the gains (which the joint adoption of innovations can generate) may drive the intensity of use of the four innovations. We find that establishment size, whether foreign owned, whether exposed to an international market and the degree of homogeneity of the final product are important determinants of the intensity of the joint adoption of the four innovations. Most importantly, our results point out that the factors that the economics of innovation literature has been showing to affect the intensity of use of a technological innovation do also affect the intensity of use of sets of innovative management practices. However, they can explain only a small part of the diversity of their joint adoption use by the firms in the sample.

The intra-firm diffusion of complementary innovations: Evidence from the adoption of management practices by British establishments

This paper presents a simple profitability-based decision model to show how synergistic gains generated by the joint adoption of complementary innovations may influence the firm's adoption decision. For this purpose a weighted index of intra-firm diffusion is built to investigate empirically the drivers of the intensity of joint use of a set of complementary innovations. The findings indicate that establishment size, ownership structure and product market concentration are important determinants of the intensity of use. Interestingly, the factors that affect the extent of use of technological innovations do also affect that of clusters of management practices. However, they can explain only part of the heterogeneity of the benefits from joint use.

De la inclusión educativa como política a la ética de la hospitalidad. Notas para el debate

Este trabajo es el resultado de la investigación conceptual del término inclusión educativa que venimos realizando en el marco del Programa de Extensión/Investigación “La producción social de la discapacidad” perteneciente a la Facultad de Trabajo Social de la Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos, Argentina.

La Banda de Alabarderos (1746-1939). Música y músicos en la jefatura del estado

La Banda de Alabarderos tiene su origen en 1746 dentro del cuerpo homónimo que fue creado por el cronista Gonzalo de Ayora en 1504 para la seguridad del católico rey Fernando. Con el transcurso del tiempo la agrupación musical presenta varios cambios de denominación, así pues, a mediados del XVIII se convierte en la Banda de música del Cuerpo de Guardias de la Reina. Algunos años después se reinstaura nuevamente el cuerpo de Alabarderos hasta llegar a 1868 en el que es disuelto durante el inicio del Sexenio Revolucionario y con él, su banda de música. Con la Restauración Alfonsina en 1875 se reconstruye la Banda de Alabarderos con muchos de los profesores que tenía anteriormente, hasta llegar al siguiente cambio de régimen político durante la primavera de 1931, en el que, tras unos días de incertidumbre por su desintegración como agrupación musical, se decide su continuidad con la nueva denominación de Banda Republicana. Tras la finalización de la Guerra Civil, resurge compuesta por nuevo profesorado, con el nombre de Banda de música del Regimiento del Jefe del Estado y Generalísimo de los Ejércitos, la cual, hereda de la anterior Banda Republicana, su archivo musical, parte de su instrumental y la mayoría de las funciones oficiales. Con el inicio del periodo democrático a partir de 1975, esta misma formación musical, con los mismos músicos y la misma plantilla instrumental, pasa a formar parte de la nueva Guardia Real, llegando hasta la actualidad con la nueva designación de Unidad de Música de la Guardia Real. Podemos afirmar que las bandas de Alabarderos, del Cuerpo de Guardias de la Reina, Nacional Republicana, del Regimiento de la Jefatura del Estado o de la Guardia Real, son una única banda de música con diferentes denominaciones, siempre ligada a la Jefatura del Estado, que desde su creación y a excepción del Sexenio Revolucionario, ha perdurado en el tiempo hasta la actualidad...

Monterrey de las montañas: una composición de la ciudad a sus pies

El doctor Alfredo Piñeyro López, ex rector de la UANL, mandó llamar a la artista Saskia Juárez para encomendarle diversos paisajes representativos del estado, con el fin de distribuirlos en las distintas salas de consulta y lectura de la Biblioteca Universitaria Capilla Alfonsina.