Physical and psychological aggression in dating relationships in Spanish university students. 'Agresi??n f??sica y psicol??gica en las relaciones de noviazgo en universitarios espa??oles'

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Prevalence and predictors of sexual aggression in dating relationships of adolescents and young adults

Prevalencia y predictores de la agresi??n sexual en las relaciones de noviazgo en adolescentes y j??venes. Son muchos los estudios publicados que analizan las influencias di??dicas en las relaciones de noviazgo en adolescentes y j??venes adultos. El objetivo de este estudio consiste en aplicar el modelo di??dico de la agresi??n f??sica hacia las parejas a la agresi??n sexual contra las parejas. Se ha utilizado una muestra de 4.052 adolescentes y j??venes adultos de ambos sexos, con edades comprendidas entre los 16 y los 26 a??os. El porcentaje de hombres agresores es significativamente superior que el de mujeres (35,7 por ciento vs 14,9 por ciento), y el porcentaje de v??ctimas de agresi??n sexual fue superior para las mujeres (25,1 por ciento vs 21,7 por ciento). Los resultados muestran que tanto la agresi??n como la victimizaci??n sexual son fundamentalmente de naturaleza psicol??gica, como, por ejemplo, la utilizaci??n de t??cticas coercitivas de naturaleza verbal. Tal como predice el modelo di??dico de agresi??n f??sica en las relaciones de noviazgo, la victimizaci??n sexual se predice en funci??n de la agresi??n sexual de los individuos estudiados tanto en el caso de los hombres como en el de las mujeres.

Replicated nil associations of digit ratio (2D:4D) and absolute finger lengths with implicit and explicit measures of aggression. 'Replicaci??n de asociaciones nulas del ratio del segundo y cuarto dedo (2D:4D) y la longitud absoluta de los dedos con medidas de agresi??n impl??citas y expl??citas'

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Corporal punishment and long-term behavior problems : The moderating role of positive parenting and psychological aggression

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Assessing indirect aggression in aggressors and targets : Spanish adaptation of the Indirect Aggression Scales

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Controlling social desirability may attenuate faking effects : A study with aggression measures

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Psychometric properties of the AQ Aggression Scale in Chilean students

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Prevalence of psychological and physical intimate partner aggression in Madrid (Spain) : A dyadic analysis

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The effects of ageing on self-reported aggression measures are partly explained by response bias

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Validity and reliability of the Spanish version of the Displaced Aggression Questionnaire

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A longitudinal investigation of maternal influences on the development of child hostile attributions and aggression

Aggression in children is associated with an enhanced tendency to attribute hostile intentions to others. However, limited information is available regarding the factors that contribute to the development of such hostile attribution tendencies. We examined factors that contribute to individual differences in child hostile attributions and aggression, focusing on potential pathways from maternal hostile attributions via negative parenting behavior. We conducted a longitudinal study of 98 mothers and children (47 male, 51 female), recruited from groups experiencing high and low levels of psychosocial adversity. Maternal hostile attributions, observed parenting, and child behaviour were assessed at 18 months and 5 years child age, and child hostile attributions were also examined at 5 years. Independent assessments of maternal and child processes were utilized where possible. Analyses provided support for a direct influence of maternal hostile attributions on the development of child hostile attributions and aggressive behaviour. Maternal hostile attributions were also associated with negative parenting behaviour, which in turn influenced child adjustment. Even taking account of possible parenting influences and preexisting child difficulties, hostile attributions in the mother showed a direct link with child aggression at 5 years. Maternal hostile attributions were themselves related to psychosocial adversity. We conclude that maternal hostile attributions are prevalent in high-risk samples and are related to less optimal parenting behaviour, child hostile attributions, and child aggression. Targeting hostile maternal cognitions may be a useful adjunct to parenting programs

Environmental enrichment reduces aggression of pearl cichlid, Geophagus brasiliensis, during resident-intruder interactions

Em lutas entre peixes residentes e intrusos, residentes geralmente vencem, provavelmente porque valorizam o território mais do que os intrusos. Nós aventamos a hipótese de que ambientes enriquecidos aumentam o valor da área em disputa, levando os residentes a defenderem mais violentamente ambientes enriquecidos de recursos do que ambientes empobrecidos, pois possuiriam mais motivação para mantê-lo. No entanto, no presente estudo, ao testarmos as interações entre intrusos e residentes em acarás, Geophagus brasiliensis, observamos que o enriquecimento ambiental reduz a agressividade e pode levar a cohabitação entre os peixes, sem luta. Adicionalmente, em nossos experimentos, o efeito da residência prévia ocorreu independente da condição de enriquecimento. A diminuição das interações entre os peixes e, consequentemente, a diminuição do nível de agressividade é aqui atribuída aos efeitos da diminuição da visibilidade entre os peixes devido ao aumento de complexidade do ambiente.

Dietary L-tryptophan alters aggression in juvenile matrinxa Brycon amazonicus

This study evaluated the effect of dietary supplementation with -tryptophan (L-TRP), a serotonin precursor, on the aggressiveness of juvenile matrinx . Fish were kept in individual aquaria for 7 days receiving the diets: D1 (control: 0.47% of TRP), D2 (0.94% of TRP), D3 (1.88% of TRP), and D4 (3.76% of TRP). After this, they were grouped with an intruder fish to establish a resident-intruder relationship during periods of 20 min. Blood cortisol, glucose, chloride, sodium and calcium; hemoglobin, hematocrit, red blood cell count and volume; liver glycogen and lipids were measured. Territoriality had significant effect on the aggressiveness of matrinx (the residents were more aggressive than intruders, < 0.001) and tryptophan significantly affected their behavior. Fish fed with the D2 diet presented a longer latency until the first attack ( = 0.0069) and bit the intruder fewer times ( = 0.0136) during the period of observation, compared to the control group. The frequency of bites and chases after the first attack was not affected by the dietary supplementation of TRP. Physiological variables were not significantly affected by the diet, except for a moderate increase in cortisol level in fish fed with D2 diet after the fight, indicating slight activation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-interrenal axis. The results show that juvenile matrinx have aggressive and territorial behavior and that a diet containing 9.4 g TRP kg(-1) alter their aggressiveness, without affecting the stress-related physiological parameters.