Slow highly charged ion O4+ induced electron emission from clean solid surfaces

The. total electron emission yields following the interaction of slow highly charged ions (SHCI) O4+ with different material surfaces (W, Au, Si and SiO2) have been measured. It is found that the electron emission yield gamma increases proportionally with the projectile velocity v ranging from 5.36 x 10(5)m/s to 10.7 x 10(5)m/s. The total emission yield is dependent on the target materials, and it turns out to follow the relationship gamma(Au) > gamma(Si)> gamma(W). The result shows that the electron emission yields are mainly determined by the electron stopping power of the target when the projectile potential energy is taken as a constant, which is in good agreement with the former studies

稠油高效降解菌的降解特性及其应用

以稠油为唯一碳源,对细菌B0501、B0505和B0510的降解特性进行了分析,结果表明3株菌对稠油的不同组分具有不同程度的降解能力,其中B0505对烷烃、B0510对芳香烃以及B0501对胶质和沥青质的去除率较高,分别为42.26%、35.30%和40.76%;混合菌协同作用强化了稠油组分的降解,3株菌株组合对烷烃、芳香烃以及胶质沥青质的降解率分别达到44.23%、38.56%和62.12%;微生物对稠油降解过程符合一级动力学方程,其中3株菌株组合对稠油降解的速率最快,半衰期(t1/2)为5.36 d。将微生物应用于稠油废水处理实践,结果表明外源微生物的投加强化了废水中COD的去除率;GC-MS图谱及降解前后有机成分分析进一步佐证了微生物对稠油废水中有机成分的降解能力。

两种五倍子蚜虫冬寄主藓类植物的光合特性及其与光照、温度和植物体水分含量变化的关系

使用CI 30 1PS (CIDInc .USA )对生长于冬季和春季的大羽藓 (Thuidiumcymbifolium )与垂藓(Chrysocladiumretrorsum )的净光合速率 (Pn)及其与光照、温度和植物体水分含量的关系进行了研究 .结果表明 ,大羽藓和垂藓的光合能力分别达到 14 1和 117μmolCO2 kg-1·dw·s-1,光合能力从冬季到春季呈上升趋势 .这两种藓类植物的光响应曲线比较相似 ,光饱和点高达 80 0～ 90 0 μmol·m-2 s-1,光补偿点为 40～ 5 0 μmol·m-2s-1,光合作用最适温度在春季为 2 5～ 36℃ ,而冬季为 2 0～ 30℃ .同时对于低温又具有很强的抗性 ,在冰点以下的温度条件下 (-15～ 0℃ )能够保持一定的净光合 .净光合速率的水分响应曲线表明 ,这两种藓类的最适水分含量为 2 0 0～ 30 0 (4 0 0 ) %dw ,水分含量降低到 15 0 %dw时光合作用开始受到抑制 ,在 40 %～ 5 0 %dw时净光合降低到零或略变为负数 .结果表明 ,大羽藓和垂藓都属于耐干旱、强阳性的藓类 ,但垂藓在这几个方面略逊于大羽藓 .

辽宁丹东地区柞树菌根真菌生态分布的研究

通过 5年连续调查研究 ,发现辽宁丹东地区天然次生柞林中及部分柞树经济林中柞树菌根菌种类共有 36种 ,隶属于 7个科 13个属 .在此基础上研究分析了柞树菌根菌的生态分布与共生树种、树龄及季节的关系 .结果表明 ,与蒙古栎共生的菌根菌种类最多 ,达 2 9种 ;红菇属种类与柞树共生的树龄范围最广 ,鹅膏属种类偏重于与树龄较大的柞树共生 ;夏季的 7、8月份为菌根菌发生的高峰期 ,75 %的种类在 7月份发生 ,10 0 %的种类在 8月份发生 .8月中下旬菌根菌发生的相对密度最高 ,分别为 19.5 %和 18.4 % .

水蚀条件下硝酸铵施用对黄绵土氮素流失的影响

研究结果表明不同坡度谷子地 ,高 N处理小区径流中铵态氮、硝态氮和有效氮浓度平均为 1.0 6、0 .76和1.82 mg/kg,低 N分别为 0 .6 4、1.2 9和 1.93mg/kg;高氮处理土壤铵态氮、硝态氮和有效氮平均流失量分别达到17.90、12 .93和 30 .84kg/(km2 · a) ,低 N流失量为 11.90、2 3.86和 35 .77kg/(km2 · a)。高氮处理小区泥沙中有机质和全氮浓度平均为 5 .2 1和 0 .5 36 g/kg,而低氮处理分别为 4.94和 0 .481g/kg;高氮和低氮处理土壤有机质流失量分别为 5 70 2和 5 743kg/(km2 · a) ,土壤全氮流失量为 498和 5 5 9kg/(km2 · a)

数据库及其发展概况

本文论述了数据库的产生、发展趋势及国内数据库的进展情况。同时，还对数值型数据库、全文数据库、多媒体数据库、光盘数据库和智能数据库专家系统作了概括的介绍。

高强度、高模量碳纤维

碳纤维的低密度、高比强(强度/密度)及高比模(强度/密度)使得它有希望成为取代金属的材料。今天,已用碳纤维长丝卷绕制成了鱼竿、高尔夫球杆、网球拍、滑雪板、船桅杆及其它运动器材,大量的高级碳纤维复合材料用于歼击机及民航机的制造。本文简短地评述了碳纤维的制备、性能、应用及市场情况。

稀土催化新貌

稀土元素尽管赋之以“稀”(rare),但在自然界中它们决非稀少的元素:存量最多的Ce(28——按Clarke数大小排列的序号,下同)实际上比Co(29)、Sn(30)、Z~n(31)还多,此外Y(32)、Nd(33)、La(35)多于Pb(36),Eu(58)、Tb

氢化物发生-ICP-AES法同时测定铅及其他氢化物及非氢化物元素

本工作利用一种改进型旋流雾室雾化氢化物发生装置,建立同时测定铅、砷、锑、铋、锗、锡及非氢化物元素的ICP-AES法。溶液中的Pb(Ⅱ)首先以H_2O_2-(NH_4)_2S_2O_8溶液氧化为Pb(Ⅳ),然后再与NaBH_4溶液反应产生氢化物,与由气动雾化产生的样品气溶胶一起被导入等离子体中。Pb,As,Sb,Bi,Sn,Ge的检出限分别为1.4,7.6,2.8,1.3,2.4和15μg/L,较通常的气动雾化法低20-60倍,硒、碲在氧化剂存在下不能产生氢化物。研究了共存元素的干扰及消除方法。实际样品(沉积物)分析结果与推荐值吻合。

Seasonal variation of reproduction rates and body size of Calanus sinicus in the Southern Yellow Sea, China

Annual variations of egg production rate (EPR) and clutch size of Calanus sinicus, as well as body size of females (prosome length and dry weight), were investigated at a series of stations in the Southern Yellow Sea by onboard incubation. Calanus sinicus was spawning in all the 11 cruises investigated, and the annual variation of EPR was bimodal. Monthly average EPR was highest from May to July, respectively, 5.97, 5.36 and 6.30 eggs female(-1) d(-1), then decreased dramatically to only 1.37 eggs female(-1) d(-1) in August and attained the lowest 1.07 eggs female(-1) d(-1) in October. In November, average EPR increased again to 4.31 eggs female(-1) d(-1). Seasonal variation of clutch size was similar to EPR, except that it decreased gradually after August rather than dramatically as did EPR. Prosome length of females was maximum in May and minimum in October, but dry weight was highest in November. Monthly average EPR correlated better with prosome length than dry weight, while clutch size was rather determined by dry weight of females. It is suggested that egg production of C. sinicus was active during two discontinuous periods when both surface and bottom temperature fell into its favorite range (i.e. 10-23degreesC), and different reproductive strategies were adopted in these two reproductive peaks: other than the highest EPR, longer prosome length was also achieved by C. sinicus from May to July, while females in November developed shorter bodies but accumulated more energy for reproduction.

Zionism and the Jewish People, 1918-1960: From Minority to Hegemony

Rubinstein, W. (2001). Zionism and the Jewish People, 1918-1960: From Minority to Hegemony. The Jewish Journal of Sociology. 43(1-2), pp.5-36. RAE2008

Autonomic cardiovascular dysregulation as a potential mechanism underlying depression and coronary artery bypass grafting surgery outcomes.

BACKGROUND: Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is often used to treat patients with significant coronary heart disease (CHD). To date, multiple longitudinal and cross-sectional studies have examined the association between depression and CABG outcomes. Although this relationship is well established, the mechanism underlying this relationship remains unclear. The purpose of this study was twofold. First, we compared three markers of autonomic nervous system (ANS) function in four groups of patients: 1) Patients with coronary heart disease and depression (CHD/Dep), 2) Patients without CHD but with depression (NonCHD/Dep), 3) Patients with CHD but without depression (CHD/NonDep), and 4) Patients without CHD and depression (NonCHD/NonDep). Second, we investigated the impact of depression and autonomic nervous system activity on CABG outcomes. METHODS: Patients were screened to determine whether they met some of the study's inclusion or exclusion criteria. ANS function (i.e., heart rate, heart rate variability, and plasma norepinephrine levels) were measured. Chi-square and one-way analysis of variance were performed to evaluate group differences across demographic, medical variables, and indicators of ANS function. Logistic regression and multiple regression analyses were used to assess impact of depression and autonomic nervous system activity on CABG outcomes. RESULTS: The results of the study provide some support to suggest that depressed patients with CHD have greater ANS dysregulation compared to those with only CHD or depression. Furthermore, independent predictors of in-hospital length of stay and non-routine discharge included having a diagnosis of depression and CHD, elevated heart rate, and low heart rate variability. CONCLUSIONS: The current study presents evidence to support the hypothesis that ANS dysregulation might be one of the underlying mechanisms that links depression to cardiovascular CABG surgery outcomes. Thus, future studies should focus on developing and testing interventions that targets modifying ANS dysregulation, which may lead to improved patient outcomes.

The effect of increasing fruit and vegetable consumption on overall diet: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Increasing fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption is associated with reduced risk of major diseases. However, it is unclear if health benefits are related to increased micronutrient intake or to improvements in overall diet profile. This review aimed to assess if increasing FV consumption had an impact on diet profile. In the systematic review, twelve studies revealed increases in micronutrient intakes, whilst the meta-analysis confirmed macronutrient findings from the systematic review showing no significant difference between the intervention and control groups in energy (kcals) in seven studies (mean difference = 1 kcals [95% CI = -115, 117]; P = 0.98), significant decreases in total fat (% energy) in 5 studies (Mean difference = -4% [95% CI = -5, -3]; P = <0.00001) and significant increases in fibre in 6 studies (Mean difference = 5.36 grams [95% CI = 4, 7]; P = <0.00001) and total carbohydrate (% energy) in 4 studies (Mean = 4% [95% CI = 2, 5]; P = <0.00001). In conclusion, results indicate that increased FV consumption increases micronutrient, carbohydrate and fibre intakes and possibly reduces fat intake, with no overall effect on energy intake. Therefore health benefits may act through an improvement in overall diet profile alongside increased micronutrient intakes.

The association between myopia and various subtypes of lens opacity: SEE (Salisbury Eye Evaluation) project.

PURPOSE: To establish the relationship between myopia and lens opacity. DESIGN: Population-based cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS: Two thousand five hundred twenty participants from the Salisbury Eye Evaluation aged 65 to 84 years. METHODS: Participants filled out questionnaires regarding medical history, social habits, and a detailed history of distance spectacle wear. They underwent a full ocular examination. Lens photographs were taken for assessment of lens opacity using the Wilmer grading system. Multivariate logistic regression models using generalized estimating equations were used to analyze the relationship between lens opacity type and degree of myopia, while accounting for potential confounders. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Presence of posterior subcapsular opacity, cortical opacity, or nuclear opacity. RESULTS: Significant associations were found between myopia and both nuclear and posterior subcapsular opacities. For nuclear opacity, the odds ratios (ORs) were 2.25 for myopia between -0.50 diopters (D) and -1.99 D (P<0.001), 3.65 for myopia between -2.00 D and -3.99 D (P<0.001), 4.54 for myopia between -4.00 D and -5.99 D (P<0.001), and 3.61 for myopia -6.00 D or more (P = 0.002). For posterior subcapsular cataracts, ORs were 1.59 for myopia between -0.50 D and -1.99 D (P = 0.11), 3.22 for myopia between -2.00 D and -3.99 D (P = 0.002), 5.36 for myopia between -4.00 D and -5.99 D (P<0.001), and 12.34 for myopia -6.00 D or more (P<0.001). No association was found between myopia and cortical opacity. The association between posterior subcapsular opacity and myopia was equally strong for those wearing glasses by age 21 years and for those without glasses; for nuclear opacity, significantly higher ORs were found for myopes who started wearing glasses after age 21. CONCLUSIONS: These results confirm the previously reported association between myopia, posterior subcapsular opacity, and nuclear opacity. Furthermore, the strong association between early spectacle wear and posterior subcapsular opacity among myopes, absent for nuclear opacity, suggests that myopia may precede opacity in the case of posterior subcapsular opacity, but not nuclear opacity. Measures of association between posterior subcapsular opacity and myopia were stronger in the current study than have previously been found. Longitudinal studies to confirm the association are warranted.