Proces prekaryzacji pracy - nowe kierunki zmian społeczno-gospodarczych w świecie

Wydział Nauk Politycznych i Dziennikarstwa

O Eu neuropsíquico : Ensaio sobre a consciência

Tese de Doutoramento em Psicologia Clínica apresentada ao ISPA - Instituto Universitário

Responsabilidad civil de la persona mayor incapaz y de sus guardadores por los daños causados a terceros: especial referencia a la responsabilidad del incapaz en el sistema del Common Law

Un número considerable de personas mayores padece alguna enfermedad neurodegenerativa que limita sus facultades intelectivas y volitivas, lo que en la práctica suele traducirse en alteraciones de la personalidad con conservación de consciencia, pérdidas de memoria, desorientación, inquietud, confusión o agresividad. Este deterioro progresivo de capacidad que puede afectar a nuestros mayores no sólo los convierte en fácil objetivo de agresiones sino también en potenciales creadores de riesgos y daños a terceros. Es precisamente la responsabilidad que puede derivarse de tales daños la que será analizada en primer lugar en esta sede, exponiendo el estado de la cuestión tanto en el civil como en el common law. Por otro lado, cuando una persona que tiene sus funciones cognitivas mermadas causa un daño a otro, no sólo se debe analizar la responsabilidad civil del propio agente del daño frente al perjudicado, sino también aquélla en que podría incurrir la persona encargada de su cuidado en caso de haberla. Dicha cuestión ocupará la segunda parte del presente trabajo.

Le sommeil comme marqueur du déclin cognitif dans la maladie de Parkinson

La maladie de Parkinson (MP) est une maladie neurodégénérative qui se caractérise principalement par la présence de symptômes moteurs. Cependant, d’autres symptômes, dits non moteurs, sont fréquents dans la MP et assombrissent le pronostic; ceux ci incluent notamment les désordres du sommeil et les troubles cognitifs. De fait, sur une période de plus de 10 ans, jusqu’à 90 % des patients avec la MP développeraient une démence. L’identification de marqueurs de la démence dans la MP est donc primordiale pour permettre le diagnostic précoce et favoriser le développement d’approches thérapeutiques préventives. Plusieurs études ont mis en évidence la contribution du sommeil dans les processus de plasticité cérébrale, d’apprentissage et de consolidation mnésique, notamment l’importance des ondes lentes (OL) et des fuseaux de sommeil (FS). Très peu de travaux se sont intéressés aux liens entre les modifications de la microarchitecture du sommeil et le déclin cognitif dans la MP. L’objectif de cette thèse est de déterminer, sur le plan longitudinal, si certains marqueurs électroencéphalographiques (EEG) en sommeil peuvent prédire la progression vers la démence chez des patients atteints de la MP. La première étude a évalué les caractéristiques des OL et des FS durant le sommeil lent chez les patients avec la MP selon qu’ils ont développé ou non une démence (MP démence vs MP sans démence) lors du suivi longitudinal, ainsi que chez des sujets contrôles en santé. Comparativement aux patients MP sans démence et aux sujets contrôles, les patients MP démence présentaient au temps de base une diminution de la densité, de l’amplitude et de la fréquence des FS. La diminution de l’amplitude des FS dans les régions postérieures était associée à de moins bonnes performances aux tâches visuospatiales chez les patients MP démence. Bien que l’amplitude des OL soit diminuée chez les deux groupes de patients avec la MP, celle ci n’était pas associée au statut cognitif lors du suivi. La deuxième étude a évalué les marqueurs spectraux du développement de la démence dans la MP à l’aide de l’analyse quantifiée de l’EEG en sommeil lent, en sommeil paradoxal et à l’éveil. Les patients MP démence présentaient une diminution de la puissance spectrale sigma durant le sommeil lent dans les régions pariétales comparativement aux patients MP sans démence et aux contrôles. Durant le sommeil paradoxal, l’augmentation de la puissance spectrale en delta et en thêta, de même qu’un plus grand ratio de ralentissement de l’EEG, caractérisé par un rapport plus élevé des basses fréquences sur les hautes fréquences, était associée au développement de la démence chez les patients avec la MP. D’ailleurs, dans la cohorte de patients, un plus grand ralentissement de l’EEG en sommeil paradoxal dans les régions temporo occipitales était associé à des performances cognitives moindres aux épreuves visuospatiales. Enfin, durant l’éveil, les patients MP démence présentaient au temps de base une augmentation de la puissance spectrale delta, un plus grand ratio de ralentissement de l’EEG ainsi qu’une diminution de la fréquence dominante occipitale alpha comparativement aux patients MP sans démence et aux contrôles. Cette thèse suggère que des anomalies EEG spécifiques durant le sommeil et l’éveil peuvent identifier les patients avec la MP qui vont développer une démence quelques années plus tard. L’activité des FS, ainsi que le ralentissement de l’EEG en sommeil paradoxal et à l’éveil, pourraient donc servir de marqueurs potentiels du développement de la démence dans la MP.

La imagen en el discurso multimodal cortazariano, una poética en movimiento

The selection and proposed cortazarian image in multimodal speech, a poetic moving as a doctoral thesis title, is the result of a process that forms several progressive stages. more than satisfy our curiosity and literary artistic concerns, the questions multiply increases our desire to bring more creative Cortazarian the colossus, that not only ruins a way of making literature , but in its revolutionary labyrinth gives a turn of the screw to the already tangled world of artistic writing , breaking in 1967 with the first of four hybrids books, La vuelta al día en ochenta mundos through which converts the traditional plastic unitextual and unimodal space in a palempsesto inexhaustible generator senses and meanings. Far from appeasing the wrath of conservative critics, caused by his narrative masterpiece, Hopscotch (1963), sparked the debate to denounce the regression of the classic molds of writing, proposing the imagination as the setting for creative freedom, it is not as arbitrary and nonsense, but as a process of higher state of consciousness in which it operates an underlying logic. Hence, our objective is to crawl into the underworld and plastics other multisígnicas border spaces, fleeting and ephemeral alliances that relate not just as complementary and similar texts which may be the same speech and can transmit the same, but quite the contrary, the oft-repeated notion of analogy is the first victim, fortunately, this kind of creative-artistic operations that raise the creative act to a sublime state capable of converting the inexhaustible multitextuales constellations in different ways: opposition, confrontation, invasion, dialogue, shadow, duplication, theft, etc. However this multiple transgression pushed to the limit by Julio Cortazar and his friend Julio Silva through four books proposed for analysis often does not translate into jobs and research in literature departments of the universities of the world, nor the critics are echoes the striking abundance and clarity of expression multimodal phenomenon as is the case with other works of Cortazar unimodal type, which makes it impassable fences mysterious worlds...

O aqueduto das águas livres como elemento dinamizador e regenerador do eixo Lisboa-Sintra

Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Arquitectura com especialização em Urbanismo, apresentada na Universidade de Lisboa - Faculdade de Arquitetura. Assuntos:

Valoración del dolor en el paciente con trauma grave y ventilación mecánica no comunicativo

Pain is defined since 1979 by the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) as "unpleasant subjective, sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential damage of tissue", with the concept more acceptable in our days. The Intensive Care Unit (ICU) is a complex environment to assess pain, where the difficulty in communication with the patient is the biggest barrier to getting your "selfreport", which is considered the gold standard in pain assessment. Many factors alter communication with critically ill patients, as the low level of consciousness, mechanical ventilation, sedation, and the patient's own pathology, besides, there are other limitations such as excessive technology or devices that can divert professional attention to the patient's pain behavior, and lack of training and guidance for management. The multicenter study SUPPORT, it showed that 50-65% of critical patients included suffered pain, and 15% of them reported moderate to severe intensity for more than half the period of hospitalization. Critically ill patients experience pain due to high volume of potentially painful techniques applied to them during their ICU admission, emphasizing nursing care and tracheal suctioning, mobilization, wound healing and channeling of catheters and others. The underestimation of pain involves physiological and hemodynamic effects such as increased blood pressure and/or heart rate, altered breathing pattern, and psychological and anxiety. Also an increase of sedation and mechanical ventilation time and ICU stay of increasing the morbidity and mortality of critically ill patients...

Critical pedagogy theory and the family business

In contemporary times family business research has been dominated by three theoretical perspectives; principal-agent theory, stewardship theory, and resource-based view theory (Siebels 2012) but at the same time scholars argue that what still needs further attention is how underlying processes and phenomena can be explained (Melin, Nordqvist & Sharma  2014). In order to understand themes such as repression or relations of asymmetry the suggestion in this chapter is to move towards a critical stance of thinking which involves problematizing the obvious issues in family firms (Alvesson & Deetz 2000) and moreover allowing the critical perspective to destabilize assumptions made within earlier research (Freire, 1974). By discussing critical theory in general but foremost the Freirean  (1970, 1974) critical pedagogy specifically, the arguments in the chapter revolves around how critical pedagogy can open up for a more novel view on family business. The purpose is via critical pedagogy discuss family business from a limited situation perspective, and to argue for a Freirean (1970) dialogue as means of developing a critical consciousness for family members in the family business context. The chapter concludes with some recommendations on platforms or common grounds in which dialogue and raising of consciousness can occur in which the concept can open up possibilities for interesting learning transfer and bring multidimensional knowledge into the family firm.

Formulación de estrategias para incentivar el turismo sostenible en Colombia, con énfasis en regiones con un alto nivel de desarrollo económico.

Actualmente el sector turismo se ha ido posicionando como una de las principales fuentes de prosperidad (en términos de empleo, bienestar y riqueza) por encima de grandes industrias como la automotriz y la petrolera, lo cual, es considerado por las Naciones Unidas como una gran oportunidad de desarrollo para los países emergentes. Colombia, es un ejemplo de esta situación por su gran potencial en turismo naturaleza, el cual está comenzando a incluirse en planes de desarrollo turístico como en Villavicencio, actual epicentro comercial de los llanos orientales y líder en el desarrollo turístico del Meta. El trabajo pretende ser un estudio de caso que evidencie los factores que han impedido que el desarrollo sostenible progrese de forma paralela al crecimiento turístico que se está dando en la región, enfocado en los alojamientos urbanos y rurales de la capital del Meta. A partir de esto, se realiza una encuesta a 42 hoteles, una vez vistos los resultados está, se analiza la manera en que es asimilada la sostenibilidad desde un punto de vista práctico. La información recopilada revela que los agentes turísticos presentan carencia de concientización, respecto al movimiento “verde” que se está dando a nivel mundial, no tienen como prioridad los temas sostenibles, desconocen las normas ambientales y no tienen claridad sobre los procesos de certificación

From the consciousness industry to the creative industries : consumer-created content, social network markets, & the growth of knowledge

In studies of media industries, too much attention has been paid to providers and firms, too little to consumers and markets. But with user-created content, the question first posed more than a generation ago by the uses & gratifications method and taken up by semiotics and the active audience tradition (‘what do audiences do with media?’), has resurfaced with renewed force. What’s new is that where this question (of what the media industries and audiences did with each other) used to be individualist and functionalist, now, with the advent of social networks using Web 2.0 affordances, it can be re-posed at the level of systems and populations as well.

Improved cryptanalysis of the Common Scrambling Algorithm Stream Cipher

This paper provides a fresh analysis of the widely-used Common Scrambling Algorithm Stream Cipher (CSA-SC). Firstly, a new representation of CSA-SC with a state size of only 89 bits is given, a significant reduction from the 103 bit state of a previous CSA-SC representation. Analysis of this 89-bit representation demonstrates that the basis of a previous guess-and-determine attack is flawed. Correcting this flaw increases the complexity of that attack so that it is worse than exhaustive key search. Although that attack is not feasible, the reduced state size of our representation makes it obvious that CSA-SC is vulnerable to several generic attacks, for which feasible parameters are given.

Analysis of authenticated encryption stream ciphers

Authenticated Encryption (AE) is the cryptographic process of providing simultaneous confidentiality and integrity protection to messages. AE is potentially more efficient than applying a two-step process of providing confidentiality for a message by encrypting the message and in a separate pass, providing integrity protection by generating a Message Authentication Code (MAC) tag. This paper presents results on the analysis of three AE stream ciphers submitted to the recently completed eSTREAM competition. We classify the ciphers based on the methods the ciphers use to provide authenticated encryption and discuss possible methods for mounting attacks on these ciphers.