Comparing intergroup contact effects on blatant and subtle prejudice in adolescents : a multivariate multilevel model

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Obsessive Compulsive Inventory-Child Version (OCI-CV) in a Spanish community sample of children and adolescents

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Factor structure and measurement invariance of the Difficulties Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) in Spanish adolescents

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Prevalence and functions of non-suicidal self-injury in Spanish adolescents

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Sexting, psychological distress and dating violence among adolescents and young adults

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Relationships between adolescents and parents values and parents answering behaviour

In this paper we set out a confirmatory factor analysis model relating the values adolescents and their parents aspire to for the child’s future. We approach a problem when collecting parents’ answers and analysing paired data from parents and their child: the fact that in some families only one parent answers, while in others both meet to answer together. In order to account for differences between one-parent and two-parent responses we follow a multiple group structural equation modelling approach. Some significant differences emerged between the two and one answering parent groups. We observed only weak relationships between parents’ and children’s values

Psychological and Family Factors Associated with Suicidal Ideation in Pre-Adolescents

To assess the psychological and family factors associated with suicidal ideation in preadolescent children, we studied a sample of 361 students, average age 9 years old. Two groups were formed, on the basis of the presence (n = 34) or absence (n = 44) of suicidal ideation. Suicidal ideation was assessed with the Children’s Depression Inventory and the Children’s Depression Rating Scale-Revised. Depression, hopelessness, self-esteem, and perceived family environment were compared in both the suicidal ideation and the control groups. Students with suicidal ideation generally presented greater depressive symptoms and hopelessness, and lower self-esteem and family expressiveness, although there were differences both between sexes, and when the variable depression was controlled. Identifying these risk factors in pre-adolescents may have an impact on prevention of suicidal behavior at higher risk ages

Parental and peer support on physical activity among portuguese children and adolescents

Objetivo: A presente dissertação de mestrado teve como principal objetivo estudar a associação entre o suporte parental e dos pares na atividade física das crianças e adolescentes dos 10 aos 17 anos de idade. Método: Foi efetuada uma revisão sistemática de literatura (RSL) onde se sumarizou o estado da arte sobre a temática. Posteriormente foi realizado um estudo observacional transversal onde se investigou como o suporte dos pais (tangível e intangível) e dos pares estão associados com a atividade física entre crianças e adolescentes, examinando as diferenças entre géneros e a sua variação com a idade. Participaram no estudo 1876 crianças e adolescentes, de ambos os sexos, entre os 10 aos 17 anos de idade, participantes do projeto PESSOA. Resultados: Os resultados do estudo transversal corroboram os resultados de alguns estudos da revisão sistemática de literatura uma vez que, apesar das diferenças metodológicas entre os estudos, foram encontradas correlações significativas entre o suporte parental e o nível de atividade física das crianças e adolescentes. Há diferenças entre géneros no tipo de suporte parental e no suporte dos pares. O estudo transversal demonstrou uma associação positiva entre o suporte dos pares e a idade. Esta associação destaca-se na transição da infância para a adolescência. Em ambos os géneros, o suporte dos pares registou uma maior associação à atividade física do que o suporte dos pais. Conclusões: A realização deste estudo demonstra que os pais e os pares são fatores chave na atividade física das crianças e adolescentes. Em diferentes fases da infância e da adolescência, o papel de cada um deles altera-se de acordo com vários fatores do envolvimento físico e social. É necessário mais investigação nesta área, preferencialmente estudos longitudinais que permitam uma melhor compreensão de como as diferentes fontes (pais e pares) e os diferentes tipos de suporte (tangível e intangível) evoluem ao longo da infância e da adolescência e qual o seu impacto nos diferentes níveis de atividade física.

Syntactic development in the oral and written language of profoundly deaf adolescents

This paper reviews a study to investigate oral and written syntactic development of profoundly deaf adolescents.

Quality of life measure for adolescents and children with hearing loss

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the impact of hearing loss on the quality of life of adolescents and children. Focus group sessions were held for parents and children or adolescents with hearing loss to discuss their perceptions. Quality of life questionnaires were developed for adolescents and children with hearing loss.

The school and the social-emotional adjustment of hearing-impaired adolescents

This paper reviews the social and emotional issues of hearing impaired adolescents.

Idiom comprehension in French-speaking children and adolescents with Williams syndrome

This study looks at idiom comprehension by French-speaking people with Williams’ syndrome (WS) and metapragmatic knowledge is examined. Idiomatic expressions are a nonliteral form of language where there is a considerable difference between what is said (literal interpretation) and what is meant (idiomatic interpretation). WS is characterized by a relatively preserved formal language, social interest and poor conversational skills. Using this framework, the present study aims to explore the comprehension of idiomatic expressions by 20 participants with WS. Participants performed a story completion task (comprehension task), and a task of metapragmatic knowledge to justify their chosen answers. WS performances were compared to typically developing children with the same verbal mental age. The main results can be summarized as follows: (1) People with WS have difficulties to understand idioms; (3) WS group seems to perform partly as typically developing children for the acquisition of metapragmatic knowledge of linguistic convention: there is a progressive increase in metapragmatic knowledge of linguistic convention as age increased. Our results indicate a delay of acquisition in idiom comprehension in Williams’ syndrome.

Educational and psychosocial programmes for adolescents with diabetes: approaches, outcomes and cost-effectiveness

Diabetes incurs heavy personal and health system costs. Self-management is required if complications are to be avoided. Adolescents face particular challenges as they learn to take responsibility for their diabetes. A systematic review of educational and psychosocial programmes for adolescents with diabetes was undertaken. This aimed to: identify and categorise the types of programmes that have been evaluated; assess the cost-effectiveness of interventions; identify areas where further research is required. Sixty-two papers were identified and Subjected to a narrative review. Generic programmes focus on knowledge/skills, psychosocial issues, and behaviour/self-management. They result in modest improvements across a range of outcomes but improvements are often not sustained, suggesting a need for continuous support, possibly integrated into normal care. In-hospital education at diagnosis confers few advantages over home treatment. The greatest returns may be obtained by targeting poorly controlled individuals. Few studies addressed resourcing issues and robust cost-effectiveness appraisals are required to identify interventions that generate the greatest returns on expenditure. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Orphan worms and, homeless parasites enhance bilaterian diversity

Microscopic endoparasites belonging to the Phylum Myxozoa provide a striking example of how much there is still to be learned about the diversity of the Metazoa. Recent research on myxozoans has provided new insights into evolution within the Bilateria, revealing unparalleled levels of morphological simplification associated with parasitism, a home for an orphan worm, and a hypothesis of the endosymbiotic origin(s) for extrusible intracellular organelles in myxozoans and cnidarians. In addition, discovery of the source of a devastating disease of salmonid fish has enabled researchers to identify two ancient clades within the Myxozoa, and has exposed new mysteries concerning myxozoan life-cycle evolution and evolutionary diversification. This plethora of new insights exemplifies the fundamental value of studying obscure organisms.

Self-, parent-report and interview measures of obsessive-compulsive disorder in children and adolescents

Self-report measures of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in children and adolescents are needed for practical evaluation of severity and treatment response. We compared the self- and parent-report Obsessional Compulsive Inventory Revised (CHOCI-R) to the interview-based Child Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (CY-BOCS) in a clinical sample of 285 children and adolescents with OCD. Classical test theory and item-response theory were applied to compare the instruments. The self- and parent-report CHOCI-R had good internal consistency and were strongly related to each other. The self- and parent-report CHOCI-R severity scores correlated with the CY-BOCS (Pearson's r 0.55 and 0.45 respectively). The CY-BOCS discriminated better at the severe end of the spectrum. The CHOCI-R provided better discrimination in the mild to moderate range. The time-efficient self- and parent-report alternatives will enable routine measurement of OCD severity in clinical practice. Estimates of equivalent summed scores are provided to facilitate comparison. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.