Analyse des données de la mission Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE) sur des bassins versants choisis au Canada pour la caractérisation des eaux souterraines.

Résumé : Les eaux souterraines ont un impact majeur sur la vie terrestre, les besoins domestiques et le climat. Elles sont aussi un maillon essentiel du cycle hydrologique. Au Canada par exemple, plus de 30 % de la population est tributaire des eaux souterraines pour leur alimentation en eau potable. Ces ressources subissent de nombreuses pressions sous l’influence de certains facteurs comme la salinisation, la contamination et l’épuisement. La variabilité du climat et la demande croissante sur ces ressources imposent l'amélioration de nos connaissances sur les eaux souterraines. L’objectif principal du projet de recherche est d’exploiter les données d’anomalies (TWS) de la mission Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE) pour localiser, quantifier et analyser les variations des eaux souterraines à travers les bassins versants du Bas-Mackenzie, du Saint-Laurent, du Nord-Québec et du Labrador. Il s’agit aussi d’analyser l’influence des cycles d’accumulation et de fonte de neige sur les variations du niveau des eaux souterraines. Pour estimer les variations des eaux souterraines, la connaissance des autres paramètres du bilan hydrologique est nécessaire. Ces paramètres sont estimés à l’aide des sorties du modèles de surface CLM du Système Global d’Assimilation des Données de la Terre (GLDAS). Les données GRACE qui ont été utilisées sont celles acquises durant la période allant de mars 2002 à août 2012. Les résultats ont été évalués à partir d’enregistrements de niveaux piézométriques provenant de 1841 puits localisés dans les aquifères libres du bassin des réseaux de suivi des eaux souterraines au Canada. Les valeurs de rendements spécifiques des différents types d’aquifères de chaque puits et celles des variations mensuelles du niveau d’eau dans ces puits ont été utilisées pour estimer les variations des anomalies des eaux souterraines in-situ. L’étude de corrélation entre les variations des anomalies des eaux souterraines estimées à partir de la combinaison GRACE-GLDAS et celles issues de données in-situ révèle des concordances significatives avec des valeurs de

Muscle fatigue resistance: comparison of Martin vigorimeter and Jamar dynamometer in community-dwelling people

Background: For the diagnosis of frailty exhaustion is a criteria currently measured by self-reported questionnaires, which are subjective and dependent on individual perception. The FR test has been developed as a bed side objective evaluation of muscle fatigue. The test was validated for the VM. However, the JD is frequently used to measure the grip strength. So the comparison of these devices is required to understand if FR is similar when measured with both devices. Methods: Fifty-four (29 female and 25 male; mean age: 39.98 ± 18.09) community-dwelling people were tested for muscle function. The Fatigue resistance (FR), which is the time during that grip strength drops to 50% of its maximum, was recorded with each device and simultaneous sEMG of the forearm muscles was obtained. The (co-)activation of agonist and antagonist muscles was calculated and compared with the differences between the performances with each device (controlling for gender and age). Results: FR was significantly better when measured with VM compared to JD. At all phases of the FR-test the antagonist muscle co-activation was significantly higher for VM compared to JD. In contrast, the agonist muscle activation level was significantly higher in JD compared to VM. When performing the FR-test with VM, both the agonist muscle activation and antagonist muscle co-activation decreased significantly (p<0.05). Whereas when using the JD, only a significant decrease in the antagonist muscle co-activation was observed. The difference in antagonist muscle activation between VM and JD was significantly related to the difference in FR between both devices. Conclusion: The results suggest that the FR-test when using the VM induces a more prominent muscle exhaustion than when using the JD, which makes the VM more suitable for measuring muscle fatigue resistance. However, these findings must be confirmed in a larger study population.

Burnout em cuidadores formais de idosos

O Síndrome de Burnout é, na atualidade, uma das consequências mais marcantes do stress profissional, pelo que se revela importante a investigação acerca da mesma, sobretudo nos denominados grupos de risco, como é o caso dos cuidadores formais de idosos institucionalizados. Com o objetivo de estudar os níveis de Burnout nos colaboradores de uma estrutura residencial, desenhou-se um estudo descritivo, analítico de caráter transversal, com recurso à metodologia quantitativa, tendo-se estudado uma amostra de 37 colaboradores. Para tal, aplicou-se um questionário construído para o efeito e que incluía a escala de avaliação MBI-HSS (Maslach Burnout Inventory – Human Services Survey), que revela os níveis de Burnout através de três dimensões: a Exaustão Emocional, a Despersonalização e a Realização Pessoal. Os resultados obtidos na escala de Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), na amostra em estudo, indicam que, grande parte dos cuidadores foram classificados como possuindo níveis baixos de Burnout nas três dimensões: Exaustão Emocional, Despersonalização; e Realização Pessoal. Apesar disso, verificou-se que 16,2% dos participantes evidenciaram níveis moderados de Exaustão Emocional e 10,8% níveis altos na mesma dimensão; 16,2% apresentaram nível moderado de Despersonalização; 21,6% evidenciaram níveis moderados e 10,8% níveis altos de Realização Pessoal.

BURNOUT: analisando a síndrome do ramo das indústrias alimentícias do Rio Grande do Norte

This paper aims to verify the Burnout´s possibilities of incidence, finding the creating dimensions and comparing with the socio-demographics characteristics of the researched professionals. This quantitative-descriptive search has a population of 197 workers of 23 nourishing companies in Rio Grande do Norte. This population is predominantly male, younger than 28 years old, single, relatively instructed (57,07% with complete high school) and having just started their current job since 79% of the interviewees are in the company less than six years. The AUDITORIA DO SISTEMA HUMANO (ASH) model, utilized for investigation and developed for the Spaniards Quijano and Navarro in 1999, has several dimensions about human resources management and the organizational effectiveness, but only makes part of the research in 19 questions Burnout referring. It was used factorial analyses with extraction method, varimax rotation and Kaiser normalization with the intuition to define the creating dimensions of the syndrome, they were evaluated with Cronbach Alpha coefficient after extraction. The dimensions found through the factorial analyses were: emotional exhaustion, physical exhaustion and vitality. The accumulated explanation value reached 65,30% of total variation. The data socio-demographics don t justify the syndrome appearance, because the T test and ANOVA showed irrelevant values. It has been also observed that the founded dimensions were different of the Maslach sociopsychological perspective (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and low professional realization) allowing comparison with others researches and the possibility to develop new ones with workers from different assistance areas. These new researches are important, since the syndrome refers to chronic labor stress consequences and any professional is favorable to Burnout, harmful to the company as to the collaborators

Efeitos do exercício moderado prévio com oclusão vascular sobre a cinética da oferta e utilização do oxigênio em um exercício subsequente de alta intensidade

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Educação Física, Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto-Sensu em Educação Física, 2015.

Síndrome de Burnout e autoeficácia: um estudo com profissionais de enfermagem de hospitais privados de Natal/RN

This research verifies the influence of the self-efficacy level on burnout syndrome incidence in relation to nursing professionals from private hospitals located in the Municipality of Natal, State of Rio Grande do Norte. The nature of the research was descriptive, and the used data analysis method was quantitative which was developed through SPSS computational package, version 17.0. The used instrument for the investigation was Maslach-Burnout Inventory (MBI), and the General Perceived Self-efficacy Scale (GPSES) was applied to a sample formed from 230 nursing professionals. The statistic techniques to data analysis were: frequency analysis; factor analysis; Cronbach.s alpha; Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test (KMO); Bartlett efericity test; percentual analysis; Spearman rank correlation analysis; and simple regression. The achieved factors from factor analysis of MBI were the same, taking into account the dimensions which Maslach initially suggested to the instrument (emotional exhaustion, lack of personal realization, and depersonalization). However, one highlights that the low internal consistence of the depersonalization dimension can occur from people.s difficulty (caused by cultural aspects) of assuming this attitude in their work environment. Through GSE, it was achieved a factor which confirmed the unidimensionality showed by the author of the instrument. In relation to the syndrome incidence, it was verified that about 50% of the researched sample presented burnout syndrome evidence. Referring to self-efficacy level, about 65% of the researched sample presented low level of self-efficacy, what can be explained by the work characteristics of these professionals. In relation to the self-efficacy influence on the Burnout syndrome, it was verified that self-efficacy can be one of the aspects which influences occupational stress chronification (burnout), mainly to the personal realization dimension. Therefore, the researched hospital organizations need reflect about their attitudes in respect to their professionals, since the numbers showed a dangerous tendency regarding a predisposition to burnout syndrome of their staff, what implies not only a significant amount of individuals who can present high levels of emotional exhaustion, lack of personal realization, and depersonalization, but also the fact that this group presents low level of self-efficacy

Étude de la reconstitution de l’immunité spécifique au cytomégalovirus et au virus de la varicelle suite à la transplantation de sang de cordon ombilical

La transplantation de sang de cordon ombilical (TSCO) constitue un traitement de choix pour une multitude de pathologies hématologiques malignes et non malignes chez l’enfant et dans certains cas l’adulte. La TSCO est associée à certaines complications, dont une reconstitution immunitaire plus lente et une incidence élevée d’infections opportunistes, notamment celles reliées au cytomégalovirus (CMV) et au virus varicella-zoster (VZV). Dans le cadre de ce travail, nous nous sommes intéressés dans un premier temps à la caractérisation de la reconstitution immunitaire spécifique au CMV et au VZV. Nos résultats ont démontré que la reconstitution de l’immunité cellulaire ne requiert ni un statut séropositif pré-transplantation ni le développement de la maladie. De plus, des reconstitutions spontanées ont été détectées chez certains patients séronégatifs vis-à-vis du CMV ou du VZV. Outre le fait qu’elle se manifeste surtout à partir de 6 mois post-transplantation, ladite reconstitution mérite le qualificatif de « protectrice » en termes de réactivations virales et du développement de signes cliniques lorsqu’une fréquence de 150 cellules produisant l’IFN-γ/million est dépassée. Toutefois, moins de 5% des patients développent une réponse T anti-VZV et anti-CMV au cours 100 premiers jours suivant la TSCO. Il est donc possible que les lymphocytes CD8+ T provenant du SCO, comparativement à leurs homologues provenant de la moelle osseuse (MO), présentent un défaut de fonctionnalité, communément appelé « épuisement clonal ». La caractérisation du répertoire de récepteurs inhibiteurs exprimés par les cellules T CD8+ suivant la TSCO ou la transplantation de moelle osseuse (TMO) a révélé une augmentation significative de la fréquence des cellules exprimant PD-1 tôt suivant la transplantation. Cette population, caractérisée majoritairement par un phénotype effecteur-mémoire (EM), démontre une perte significative de la capacité proliférative et exprime moins d'IFN-γ, d'IL-2, de TNF-α et de CD107a. Une meilleure caractérisation de la reconstitution immunitaire après TSCO permettrait, d'une part de sélectionner des biomarqueurs en vue d’une meilleure gestion des patients à risques de développer des infections virales et/ou de rechuter, et d'autre part d'améliorer leur pronostic.

Síndrome de Burnout : um estudo com guias de turismo regional em Natal-RN

Burnout is a psychological syndrome triggered in response to continuous exposure to interpersonal stressors. It is considered a multifactorial construct, which is commonly characterized by three dimensions: emotional exhaustion, dehumanization, and lack of personal accomplishment.This study aimed to verify if the three characteristics of burnout (exhaustion, lack of dehumanization and personal accomplishment) are present in people working as guides Tourism in Natal - RN. It is a descriptive and quantitative study. 109 subjects were surveyed. Data collection was done through the use of questionnaires, the instrument used was the characterization of the Burnout Scale (ECB) created and validated in Brazil by Trocoli and Tamayo (2000). In order to analyze data we used descriptive statistics, analysis of core measures, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, reliability analysis, cluster analysis, multiple discriminant and Spearman correlation. Factor analysis identified four factors that explain 58.3% of the total variance. Those factors were named exhaustion, deception, avoidance, and dehumanization. The reliability of the instrument, as measured by Cronbach's Alpha was 0.918, which is considered excellent reliability. The 109 subjects were grouped into three cluster, which had the deception, avoidance, and dehumanization as discriminant. It is possible to conclude that the characteristics of burnout syndrome are present in the studied population where 19 people are on the high level of burnout, moderate in 32 and 56 in the light. The correlations between socio-demographic variables studied and the dimensions of burnout, were few and weak. The variable leave for health reasons in the study appeared to be related to feelings of exhaustion and avoidance behavior appeared related to younger individuals and who work only in the activity of Receptive Tourism Guide. Verification of the incidence of burnout in individuals surveyed suggest the need to adopt intervention strategies are individual, organizational and / or combined

SOBREPRODUCCIÓN Y CRISIS. ALGUNAS FUENTES CLÁSICAS DE MARX

Resumen El artículo resume las principales discusiones que tuvieron lugar a inicios del siglo XIX en torno a la posibilidad de que en todos los mercados se diera simultáneamente un exceso de producción. Marx estudia este debate y hace una propuesta que recupera y al mismo tiempo supera las principales posiciones en disputa: la de Ricardo, Say y J. Mill, que descartan la posibilidad de una sobreproducción generalizada por cuanto “la oferta total de bienes y servicios iguala la demanda total”, y la de Lauderdale, Sismondi y Malthus, para quienes un exceso de acumulación de capital genera un agotamiento en las condiciones de la reproducción. Se esbozan los elementos del concepto de Marx sobre la crisis que permiten comprender mejor su posición frente a ese histórico debate. Abstract The article summarizes the main discussions - at the beginning of the 19th Century - about the possibility of a simultaneous overproduction in whole market. Marx studies this debate and makes a proposal that recovers and at the same time surpasses the main positions in dispute: that of Ricardo, Say and J. Mill, that rules out the possibility of a general glut inasmuch as “the total supply of goods and services will exactly equal the total demand”, and that of Lauderdale, Sismondi and Malthus, according to which the accumulation of capital generates an exhaustion in the conditions of the reproduction. The elements of Marx’s concept about the crisis are outlined and allow to better understand his position set against the historic debate.

Os cortadores de cana ante o processo de mecanização

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Sociais, Departamento de Sociologia, 2016.

Combater as secas e defender as florestas a natureza nos desafios da ciência e da técnica para modernizar o Brasil (1889 a 1934)

In the first decades of 20th century the just instituted Brazilian Republic faced the challenge to modernize the country. Considering that the progress was associated with the exhaustion of the forest reserves and with climatic changes, two big issues were seen as fundamental: To Fight the Droughts and To Defend the Forests; headed by professionals who were dedicated to these ideals. This research starts from the premise that these were the main challenges enforced by nature to the Brazilian development; the general objective was delimited in the search to understand the meaning and the conception of the natural world by this group of professionals who faced the shock between modernizing the country and conserving its natural resources. Aiming to contribute with the construction of the Brazilian environmental history and to bring historical elements to the debate about the environment in the country, the author concentrates his attention to the analyses, the discussions and the actions that preceded the regulation on the use of natural resources and the implementation of the environmental legislation in Brazil, occurred in 1934. The investigation uses as methodological basis the theoretical directions of environmental history, using sources of data still little explored and valued. In such way, it is taken as starting point some published papers about this subject during the period between 1889 and 1934 in two technical magazines the Revista Brazil Ferro-Carril and the Revista do Club de Engenharia. National engineering played a basic role in this process while arguing, projecting and constructing the development. The formulated proposals, after being divulged, had fomented the interchange with other professionals and had favored the advance of ambient questions in Brazil, in the sense to preserve natural resources, to construct more harmonic relations between the society and the nature and to equate the development with the environment preservation

Vai morrer o meu menino - Paralisado, doente, isolado, exclusivo, desejado e amado: Estudo de um processo de comunicação num universo simbiótico

Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada ao Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Clínica.

Habitabilidade na cidade sobre as águas: desafios da implantação de infra-estrutura de saneamento nas palafitas do Igarapé do Quarenta bairro Japiim Manaus/AM

The present research if inserts in the subject of the habitation of social interest and its relation with the sanitation infra-structure questions (sewer, water, draining and garbage). Having as study universe the narrow river of the Forty , situated one in the city of Manaus, capital of Amazon, approaches questions that if present between the necessities of housing and the especificidades of the natural environment, whose characteristics evidence limits for the implantation of adequate habitations. The objective is to analyze the possibilities and the limits of the urbanística regularization in the palafitas of the narrow rivers of Manaus, in view of the factors of habitability and ambient protection, expresses for the sanitation system - sanitary exhaustion, water supply, urban draining and garbage collection. The work approaches initially relative the conceptual aspects to the subject of social habitation in the country and its relation with the habitability factors, also focusing the question of the housing and the processes of urban informality in the city of Manaus. It deals with the process of constitution of the palafitas in the space of the city and its relation with the habitacionais politics, presenting the analysis of the implantation of the palafitas in relation to the sanitation infra-structure conditions (sewer, water, draining and garbage). As conclusion, it identifies to the possibilities and limits of urbanística regularization of the palafitas implanted to the long one of the narrow river of the Forty , taking in consideration the systems of the sanitation infrastructure

Optimización del pelado de maíz con cal a utilizarse como estrategia de descontaminación de fumonisinas

Objetivo: En este estudio, el proceso de pelado de maíz con cal(PPC) fue documentado y sus parámetros optimizados mediante un diseño experimental, con el fin de conseguir un pelado completo del maíz con el mínimo grado de contaminación con fumonisinas. La presencia de fumonisina B1 (FB1) en el maíz fue analizada mediante HPLC-RP-FLD. Metodología: Los experimentos se realizaron a partir de un lote de maíz en grano seco conformado por submuestras provistas por agricultores seleccionados del cantón Nabón de la provincia del Azuay en base a un trabajo de investigación previo realizado por el proyecto VLIR-IUC, “Nutrición, Alimentación y Salud”. El diseño experimental fue divido en tres etapas: la caracterización de proceso, el mismo que se realizó mediante encuestas y observaciones in situ; pruebas de agotamiento de cal para el PPC, las que se realizaron partiendo de los datos recogidos en la primera etapa, y las pruebas de evaluación del PPC en la reducción de fumonisinas B1. Resultados y conclusiones: Se observó que, independiente de la concentración de cal utilizada, la etapa de pelado produjo una reducción de 8.73 veces la concentración de FB1 del maíz crudo (P=0.030), y que el maíz pelado y cocinado presentó una reducción de 9.14 veces (P=0.019). Recomendaciones: Se recomienda continuar con la experimentación para elucidar si la reducción de FB1se debió al proceso mecánico de remoción de la cáscara, o a la transformación química en su forma hidrolizada, por lo que este trabajo podría considerarse como un estudio explorativo preliminar.

Anomalies immunitaires chez les enfants exposés au VIH mais non infectés.

La thérapie antirétrovirale prévient la transmission mère-enfant du VIH dans plus de 98% des cas lorsqu’administrée pendant la grossesse, le travail et au nouveau-né. L’accessibilité à la thérapie antirétrovirale dans près de 70% des 1,5 millions cas de grossesses VIH+ dans le monde mène à la naissance de plus d’un million d’enfants exposés non infectés chaque année. Le nombre d’enfants exposés non infectés est à la hausse ainsi que les préoccupations concernant leur santé. En effet, plusieurs groupes ont signalé une augmentation de la morbidité et de la mortalité chez les enfants exposés non infectés. L’analyse des données rétrospectives de 705 enfants exposés non infectés de la cohorte mère-enfant du CMIS a révélé qu’à 2 mois d’âge, les enfants nés de mères ayant une charge virale supérieure à 1,000 copies d’ARN / ml avaient une fréquence de lymphocytes B significativement plus élevés par rapport aux enfants exposés non infectés nés de mères ayant une charge virale indétectable. L’objectif de cette étude est de caractériser ces anomalies. Les lymphocytes, provenant du sang de cordon ombilical et de sang veineux obtenu à 6 et 12 mois d’âge, ont été phénotypés par cytométrie en flux à l’aide des marqueurs CD3 / CD10 / CD14 / CD16 / CD19 / CD20 / CD21 / CD27 / IgM pour les lymphocytes B et CD4 / CD8 / CD3 / CCR7 / CD45RA pour les lymphocytes T. De plus, afin d’étudier les capacités fonctionnelles des lymphocytes B CD19+, la réponse antigène-spécifique au vaccin antitétanique a été mesurée par marquage avec des tétramères fluorescents de fragment C du toxoïde tétanique. Nos travaux ont mis en évidence des différences statistiquement significatives entre les enfants exposés non-infectés (ENI) nés de mères avec une charge virale détectable comparativement à ceux nés de mères avec une charge virale indétectable. À la naissance, les enfants ENI nés de mères avec une charge virale détectable avaient significativement moins de lymphocytes B totaux, plus de lymphocytes B mémoires classiques, activés, plasmablastes et lymphocytes T CD8+ mémoires centrales. À 6 mois, ils avaient significativement plus de lymphocytes B naïfs et significativement moins de lymphocytes T CD8+ effecteurs mémoires. À 12 mois d’âge, ils avaient significativement plus de lymphocytes B et T CD8+ totaux; significativement moins de lymphocytes T CD4+ totaux et leurs lymphocytes T affichaient un profil significativement plus activé (plus de cellules mémoires). L’analyse de la réponse antigène-spécifique a révélé une fréquence plus élevé de lymphocytes B mémoires IgM+ suggérant que les enfants nés de mères avec une virémie détectable ont plus de mal à établir une mémoire immunitaire efficace face au vaccin antitétanique. Nos données suggèrent qu’il y a exposition durant le premier trimestre de grossesse à la virémie maternelle et que cette exposition impacte le système immunitaire en développement du fœtus. Les mécanismes sous-jacents causant ces anomalies doivent encore être élucidés et l’épuisement du compartiment T à la naissance et à 6 mois reste à être investigué. Dans un pays industrialisé où l’accès aux soins est facilité, ces anomalies ont des conséquences modérées mais dans des pays à faible et moyen revenu, les conséquences peuvent être beaucoup plus tragiques voir fatales.