Människor som jag känt: personliga minnen, utdrag ur bref och anteckningar af Jac. Ahrenberg

Kannet painanut: Helsingfors : F. Tilgmanns bok- och stentryckeri, 1904.

Människor som jag känt: personliga minnen, utdrag ur bref och anteckningar af Jac. Ahrenberg - Andra delen

Kannet painanut: Lilius & Hertzberg.

Människor som jag känt: personliga minnen, utdrag ur bref och anteckningar af Jac. Ahrenberg - Tredje delen

Kannet painanut: Helsingfors : F. Tilgmann, 1908.

Människor som jag känt: personliga minnen, utdrag ur bref och anteckningar af Jac. Ahrenberg - Femte delen

Kannet painanut: Helsingfors : F. Tilgmann.

Människor som jag känt: personliga minnen, utdrag ur bref och anteckningar af Jac. Ahrenberg - Sjätte delen

Kannet painanut: F. Tilgmann.

O treino como meio de desenvolvimento global do atleta : relatório de estágio em futebol realizado na equipa de juniores do Grupo Desportivo Alcochetense, 1ª Divisão Distrital da AF Setúbal, época 2014- 2015

No dia a dia de uma equipa, muitos são os fatores que influenciam o seu funcionamento e a sua construção. Uma constante adaptação ao contexto envolvente e à evolução em termos de conhecimento científico, são fatores determinantes no trabalho de um treinador. Desta forma, possuindo mais e melhores ferramentas de trabalho, permitir-lhe-á maximizar a aprendizagem e o rendimento dos seus jogadores. Neste relatório, pretende-se apresentar, analisar e refletir sobre a conceção e implementação das atividades práticas durante toda a época desportiva da equipa de Juniores do Grupo Desportivo Alcochetense, Para além da parte ligada às várias áreas do treino, este relatório irá abranger outras áreas de grande importância na vida de um treinador, sendo elas a área de Inovação e Investigação (Área 2) e a Relação com a Comunidade (Área 3). Com base na análise do contexto e nos objetivos definidos para a equipa, descrevemos e fundamentamos o modelo de jogo criado pela equipa técnica, assim como o planeamento definido para a época desportiva. Através de uma categorização dos exercícios de treino, foi possível fazer uma quantificação do volume de treino de cada categoria, o que permitiu perceber quais os conteúdos mais abordados durante toda a época desportiva. Na área 2 do estágio, procuramos aprofundar o conhecimento em torno da inclusão do trabalho físico complementar como meio de prevenção de lesões no processo de treino de uma equipa de futebol e a relação que este pode ter no desempenho desportivo. Embora não tenha sido possível proceder à sua aplicação prática, parece clara a importância deste tipo de abordagem no treino de uma equipa de futebol. Como tal, apresentamos uma proposta de protocolo de treino de prevenção de lesões. No âmbito da área 3, partindo da necessidade da comunidade de treinadores de futebol em manter uma formação teórica continua, foram organizadas duas ações de formação, em parceria com o Núcleo de Lisboa da Associação Nacional de Treinadores de Futebol, sobre a temática da Organização Estrutural do Exercício em Futebol e sobre as Bases para a construção de uma equipa de Futebol.

El valor diagnóstico de las alteraciones pragmáticas del lenguaje en la diferenciación del Trastornopor déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad (TDAH) y el Autismo de alto funcionamiento (TEA-AF)

El debate de la existencia de comorbilidad entre los trastornos del neurodesarrollo ha sido reconocido y estudiado desde hace mucho tiempo. Sin embargo la comorbilidad entre el Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad y el Trastorno de Espectro Autista es muy reciente en parte por la consideración de la coexistencia en el caso del TEA y en parte por el criterio de exclusividad para el diagnóstico de TDAH según las clasificaciones diagnósticas al uso. Este debate se ha superado con la reciente publicación del DSM-5 que permite diagnósticos comórbidos entre ambas condiciones. Por una parte, existe un creciente reconocimiento del Trastorno de la Comunicación Social (Pragmática), como un trastorno del neurodesarrollo con características singulares que los diferencia de otras condiciones, que se ha materializado con la inclusión de esta condición en la reciente publicación del DSM-5, aunque aún no hay un consenso en torno a la diferenciación entre síntoma o condición, ni en qué relaciones mantiene esta condición con otros trastornos del neurodesarrollo, u otros niveles del Lenguaje y la Comunicación. Por otra parte, existe un amplio debate en torno a la naturaleza de estos dos trastornos del neurodesarrollo, TDAH y TEA, y en torno al papel que juegan las alteraciones de la comunicación social (pragmática) en el déficit social presente en ambas condiciones clínicas. Una explicación plausible para estas dos condiciones es el déficit en funciones ejecutivas, sin embargo, la naturaleza emergente y multicausal de las alteraciones de la comunicación social (pragmática) señala que también es plausible que este dominio del lenguaje sea independiente con sus propias reglas y principios y que condicione el déficit social presente en ambas condiciones clínicas. Nuestro estudio pretende plantear y profundizar en el estudio de la comorbilidad entre TDAH y TEA y el rol causal que se puede atribuir a las alteraciones pragmáticas del lenguaje que presentan ambas condiciones. En el primer capítulo presentamos la evolución del debate de la comorbilidad entre TDAH y TEA y las cuestiones que plantea este debate que son el objeto principal de nuestro estudio. En el segundo capítulo revisamos la literatura en relación a los síntomas TDAH presentes en TEA y los síntomas TEA presentes en TDAH. En primer lugar presentaremos los argumentos que indican presencia de dificultades atencionales en los TEA. En segundo lugar los argumentos que indican la presencia de síntomas TEA presentes en TDAH en relación a las dificultades de interacción social y las conductas restringidas y estereotipadas. A continuación revisamos las diferencias en el perfil de inteligencia en ambas condiciones clínicas. Por último exploramos las dificultades psicolingüísticas comunes a ambos trastornos del neurodesarrollo. En el tercer capítulo exponemos la naturaleza ejecutiva de la comorbilidad entre ambas condiciones. Un endofenotipo que puede explicar la comorbilidad entre ambas condiciones es el déficit ejecutivo central. Hay acuerdo en que ambas condiciones presentan un déficit ejecutivo central que podría explicar la presentación comórbida de ambas condiciones clínicas, sin embargo, el déficit ejecutivo central no explica completamente los síntomas comórbidos que presentan conjuntamente ambos trastornos, ni la naturaleza heterogénea de ambas condiciones. Las dificultades psicolingüísticas y el déficit social comunes a los TDAH y a los TEA no pueden ser explicados de forma concluyente por el déficit ejecutivo. Sin embargo, el déficit pragmático podría explicar tanto el déficit lingüístico como el déficit social. Por tanto planteamos que el déficit pragmático es otro endofenotipo potencialmente explicativo de la comorbilidad entre estas poblaciones heterogéneas. En el cuarto capítulo abordamos el tema de las similitudes y diferencias en el perfil de comunicación social (pragmática) en ambos trastornos del neurodesarrollo señalando la dificultad de las herramientas diagnósticas en este campo y resaltando el uso de la CCC-2 para diferenciar perfiles entre ambas condiciones. En el quinto capítulo planteamos las similitudes y diferencias en la conducta conversacional en ambas poblaciones, TDAH y TEA. La tesis doctoral continúa con la parte empírica. En esta parte respondemos a las cuestiones específicas que nos ha planteado la revisión teórica realizada en los capítulos 1 al 5 y que se exponen inicialmente en el apartado Objetivos e Hipótesis. A continuación exponemos el método seguido en nuestro estudio, participantes y selección, herramientas estandarizadas y no estandarizadas utilizadas, y el procedimiento de análisis de datos. En el siguiente bloque exponemos los resultados de nuestro estudio para cada uno de los dominios señalados: Lenguaje, Comunicación, Conversación y Función Ejecutiva. En cada bloque exponemos primero los resultados para cada objetivo propuesto y al final de cada bloque planteamos una discusión parcial en cada dominio estudiado. En esta discusión parcial señalamos las evidencias de nuestro estudio que indican diferencias y similitudes en los perfiles de rendimiento de ambas condiciones y su coherencia con estudios previos así como la relación entre los dominios estudiados. Por último, en la discusión general abordamos la interpretación de las evidencias que hemos encontrado para aclarar el valor diagnóstico de las alteraciones de la comunicación social (pragmática) en la comorbilidad entre ambas condiciones y, la interpretación de las evidencias que nos permiten confirmar que los déficits pragmáticos son independientes del déficit ejecutivo y que constituyen una zona de solapamiento entre ambas condiciones.

D:r M. A. Lindblads Svampbok, bearb. af Lars Romell, jämte anvisningar om svampars insamling, förwring och anrättning,

Plates separate in case.

Edoxaban versus enoxaparin–warfarin in patients undergoing cardioversion of atrial fibrillation (ENSURE-AF): a randomised, open-label, phase 3b trial

Background Edoxaban, an oral factor Xa inhibitor, is non-inferior for prevention of stroke and systemic embolism in patients with atrial fibrillation and is associated with less bleeding than well controlled warfarin therapy. Few safety data about edoxaban in patients undergoing electrical cardioversion are available. Methods We did a multicentre, prospective, randomised, open-label, blinded-endpoint evaluation trial in 19 countries with 239 sites comparing edoxaban 60 mg per day with enoxaparin–warfarin in patients undergoing electrical cardioversion of non-valvular atrial fibrillation. The dose of edoxaban was reduced to 30 mg per day if one or more factors (creatinine clearance 15–50 mL/min, low bodyweight [≤60 kg], or concomitant use of P-glycoprotein inhibitors) were present. Block randomisation (block size four)—stratified by cardioversion approach (transoesophageal echocardiography [TEE] or not), anticoagulant experience, selected edoxaban dose, and region—was done through a voice-web system. The primary efficacy endpoint was a composite of stroke, systemic embolic event, myocardial infarction, and cardiovascular mortality, analysed by intention to treat. The primary safety endpoint was major and clinically relevant non-major (CRNM) bleeding in patients who received at least one dose of study drug. Follow-up was 28 days on study drug after cardioversion plus 30 days to assess safety. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02072434. Findings Between March 25, 2014, and Oct 28, 2015, 2199 patients were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive edoxaban (n=1095) or enoxaparin–warfarin (n=1104). The mean age was 64 years (SD 10·54) and mean CHA2DS2-VASc score was 2·6 (SD 1·4). Mean time in therapeutic range on warfarin was 70·8% (SD 27·4). The primary efficacy endpoint occurred in five (<1%) patients in the edoxaban group versus 11 (1%) in the enoxaparin–warfarin group (odds ratio [OR] 0·46, 95% CI 0·12–1·43). The primary safety endpoint occurred in 16 (1%) of 1067 patients given edoxaban versus 11 (1%) of 1082 patients given enoxaparin–warfarin (OR 1·48, 95% CI 0·64–3·55). The results were independent of the TEE-guided strategy and anticoagulation status. Interpretation ENSURE-AF is the largest prospective randomised clinical trial of anticoagulation for cardioversion of patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation. Rates of major and CRNM bleeding and thromboembolism were low in the two treatment groups. Funding Daiichi Sankyo provided financial support for the study. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd

The growth-profitability relationship : strategic orientations as moderator

Principal Topic: In this study we investigate how strategic orientation moderates the impact of growth on profitability for a sample of Danish high growth (Gazelle) firms. ---------- Firm growth has been an essential part of both management research and entrepreneurship research for decades (e.g. Penrose 1959, Birch 1987, Storey 1994). From a societal point of view, firm growth has been perceived as economic generator and job creator. In entrepreneurship research, growth has been an important part of the field (Davidsson, Delmar and Wiklund 2006), and many have used growth as a measure of success. In strategic management, growth has been seen as an approach to achieve competitive advantages and a way of becoming increasing profitable (e.g. Russo and Fouts 1997, Cho and Pucic 2005). However, although firm growth used to be perceived as a natural pathway to profitability recently more skepticism has emerged due to both new theoretical development and new empirical insights. Empirically, studies show inconsistent and inconclusive empirical evidence regarding the impact of growth on profitability. Our review reveals that some studies find a substantial positive relationship, some find a weak positive relationship, some find no relationship and further some find a negative relationship. Overall, two dominant yet divergent theoretical positions can be identified. The first position, mainly focusing on the environmental fit, argues that firms are likely to become more profitable if they enter a market quickly and on a larger scale due to first mover advantages and economic of scale. The second position, mainly focusing the internal fit, argues that growth may lead to a range of internal challenges and difficulties, including rapid change in structure, reward systems, decision making, communication and management style. The inconsistent empirical results together with two divergent theoretical positions call for further investigations into the circumstances by which growth generate profitability and into the circumstances by which growth do not generate profitability. In this project, we investigate how strategic orientations influence the impact of growth on profitability by asking the following research question: How is the impact of growth on profitability moderated by strategic orientation? Based on a literature review of how growth impacts profitability in areas such as entrepreneurship, strategic management and strategic entrepreneurship we develop three hypotheses regarding the growth-profitability relationship and strategic orientation as a potential moderator. ---------- Methodology/Key Propositions: The three hypotheses are tested on data collected in 2008. All firms in Denmark, including all listed and non-listed (VAT-registered) firms who experienced a 100 % growth and had a positive sales or gross profit over a four years period (2004-2007) were surveyed. In total 2,475 fulfilled the requirements. Among those 1,107 firms returned usable questionnaires satisfactory giving us a response rate on 45 %. The financial data together with data on number of employees were obtained from D&B (previously Dun & Bradstreet). The remaining data were obtained through the survey. Hierarchical regression models with ROA (return on assets) as the dependent variable were used to test the hypotheses. In the first model control variables including region, industry, firm age, CEO age, CEO gender, CEO education and number of employees were entered. In the second model, growth measured as growth in employees was entered. Then strategic orientation (differentiation, cost leadership, focus differentiation and focus cost leadership) and then interaction effects of strategic orientation and growth were entered in the model. ---------- Results and Implications: The results show a positive impact of firm growth on profitability and further that this impact is moderated by strategic orientation. Specifically, it was found that growth has a larger impact on profitability when firms do not pursue a focus strategy including both focus differentiation and focus cost leadership. Our preliminary interpretation of the results suggests that the value of growth depends on the circumstances and more specifically 'how much is left to fight for'. It seems like those firms who target towards a narrow segment are less likely to gain value of growth. The remaining market shares to fight for to these firms are not large enough to compensate for the cost of growing. Based on our findings, it therefore seems like growth has a more positive relationship with profitability for those who approach a broad market segment. Furthermore we argue that firms pursuing af Focus strategy will have more specialized assets that decreases the possibilities of further profitable expansion. For firms, CEOs, board of directors etc., the study shows that high growth is not necessarily something worth aiming for. It is a trade-off between the cost of growing and the value of growing. For many firms, there might be better ways of generating profitability in the long run. It depends on the strategic orientation of the firm. For advisors and consultants, the conditional value of growth implies that in-depth knowledge on their clients' situation is necessary before any advice can be given. And finally, for policy makers, it means they have to be careful when initiating new policies to promote firm growth. They need to take into consideration firm strategy and industry conditions.

Fumaric acid monoethyl ester-functionalized poly(D,L-Lactide)/N-vinyl-2- pyrrolidone Resins for the preparation of tissue engineering scaffolds by stereolithography

Polymer networks were prepared by photocross-linking fumaric acid monoethyl ester (FAME) functionalized, three-armed poly(D,L-lactide) oligomers using Af-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (NVP) as diluent and comonomer. The use of NVP together with FAME-functionalized oligomers resulted in copolymerization at high rates, and networks with gel contents in excess of 90 were obtained. The hydrophilicity of the poly(D,L-lactide) networks increases with increasing amounts of NVP, networks containing 50 wt of NVP absorbed 40 of water. As the amount of NVP was increased from 30 to 50 wt , the Young's modulus after equilibration in water decreased from 0.8 to 0.2 GPa, as opposed to an increase from 1.5 to 2.1 GPa in the dry state. Mouse preosteoblasts readily adhered and spread onto all prepared networks. Using stereolithography, porous structures with a well-defined gyroid architecture were prepared from these novel materials. This allows the preparation of tissue engineering scaffolds with optimized pore architecture and tunable material properties.

Ryanodine receptor phosphorylation in human heart failure

Heart failure is a complex disorder, characterized by activation of the sympathetic nervous system, leading to dysregulated Ca2+ homeostasis in cardiac myocytes and tissue remodeling. In a variety of diseases, cardiac malfunction is associated with aberrant fluxes of Ca2+ across both the surface membrane and the internal Ca2+ store, the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). One prominent hypothesis residues is that in heart failure, the activity of the ryanodine receptor (RyR2) Ca2+ release channel in the SR is increased due to excess phosphorylation and that this contributes to excess SR Ca2+ leak in diastole, reduced SR Ca2+ load and decreased contractility (Huke & Bers, 2008). There is controversy over which serine residues in RyR2 are hyperphosphorylated in animal models of heart failure and whether this is via the CaMKII or the PKA-linked signaling pathway. S2808, S2814 and S2030 in RyR2 have been variously claimed to be hyperphosphorylated. Our aim was to examine the degree of phosphorylation of these residues in RyR2 from failing human hearts. The use of human tissue was approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee, The Prince Charles Hospital, EC28114. Left ventricular tissue samples were obtained from an explanted heart of a patient with endstage heart failure (Emery Dreifuss Muscular Dystrophy with cardiomyopathy) and non-failing tissue was from a patient with cystic fibrosis undergoing heart-lung transplantation with no history of heart disease. SR vesicles were prepared as described by Laver et al. (1995) and examined with SDS-Page and Western Blot. Transferred proteins were probed with antibodies to detect total protein phosphorylation, phosphorylation of RyR2 serine residues S2808, S2814, S2030 and for the key proteins calsequestrin, triadin, junctin and FKBP12.6. To avoid membrane stripping artifact, each membrane was exposed to one phosphorylation-specific antibody and signal densities quantified using Bio-Rad Quantity One software. We found no distinguishable difference between failing and healthy hearts in the protein expression levels of RyR2, triadin, junctin or calsequestrin. We found an expected upregulation of total RyR2 phosphorylation in the failing heart sample, compared to a matched amount of RyR2 (quantified using densiometry) in healthy heart. Probing with antibodies detecting only the phosphorylated form of the specific RyR2 residues showed that the increase in total RyR2 phosphorylation in the failing heart was due to hyperphosphorylation of S2808 and S2814. We found that S2030 phosphorylation levels were unchanged in human heart failure. Interestingly, we found that S2030 has a basal level of phosphorylation in the healthy human heart, different from the absence of basal phosphorylation recently reported in rodent heart (Huke & Bers, 2008). Finally, preliminary results indicate that less FKBP 12.6 is associated with RyR2 in the failing heart, possibly as a consequence of PKA activation. In conclusion, residues S2808 and S2814 are hyperphosphorylated in human heart failure, presumably due to upregulation of the CaMKII and/or PKA signaling pathway as a result of chronic activation of the sympathetic nervous system. Such changes in RyR2 phosphorylation are believed to contribute to the leaky RyR2 phenotype associated with heart failure, which increases the incidence of arrhythmia and contributes to the severely impaired contractile performance of the failing heart. Huke S & Bers DM. (2008). Ryanodine receptor phosphorylation at serine 2030, 2808 and 2814 in rat cardiomyocytes. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 376, 80-85. Laver DR, Roden LD, Ahern GP, Eager KR, Junankar PR & Dulhunty AF. (1995). Cytoplasmic Ca2+ inhibits the ryanodine receptor from cardiac muscle. Journal of Membrane Biology 147, 7-22. Proceedings

Integrating efficient filtration and visible-light photocatalysis by loading Ag-doped zeolite Y particles on aluminia nanofiber membrane

Filtration membrane technology has already been employed to remove various organic effluents produced from the textile, paper, plastic, leather, food and mineral processing industries. To improve membrane efficiency and alleviate membrane fouling, an integrated approach is adopted that combines membrane filtration and photocatalysis technology. In this study, alumina nanofiber (AF) membranes with pore size of about 10 nm (determined by the liquid-liquid displacement method) have been synthesized through an in situ hydrothermal reaction, which permitted a large flux and achieved high selectivity. Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) are subsequently doped on the nanofibers of the membranes. Silver nanoparticles can strongly absorb visible light due to the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect, and thus induce photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes, including anionic, cationic and neutral dyes, under visible light irradiation. In this integrated system, the dyes are retained on the membrane surface, their concentration in the vicinity of the Ag NPs are high and thus can be efficiently decomposed. Meanwhile, the usual flux deterioration caused by the accumulation of the filtered dyes in the passage pores can be avoided. For example, when an aqueous solution containing methylene blue is processed using an integrated membrane, a large flux of 200 L m-2 h-1 and a stable permeating selectivity of 85% were achieved. The combined photocatalysis and filtration function leads to superior performance of the integrated membranes, which have a potential to be used for the removal of organic pollutants in drinking water.