Els massatges a les sessions de psicomotricitat: perqu?? ??s important escoltar els infants, encara que no articulin paraules, tot el seu cos parla

Se expone una experiencia did??ctica dirigida a un grupo de alumnos de segundo ciclo de educaci??n infantil. Se desarrolla una actividad de psicomotricidad vinculada al masaje. El masaje infantil pretende transmitir a los ni??os sensaciones y canalizarlas, les ayuda a trabajar el esquema corporal integrando cada parte f??sica y emocional del cuerpo y adem??s, es una pr??ctica l??dica que les tranquiliza y relaja. Para el maestro o la maestra, puede ayudar a interpretar los mensajes de los ni??os: gestos, miradas, llantos, movimientos??? y por tanto, entender su mensaje. Finalmente, se enumeran los objetivos y contenidos del curriculum que pueden reforzarse con la pr??ctica del masaje infantil en las aulas

Mejora de la seguridad alimentaria en productos cárnicos listos para el consumo mediante la aplicación combinada de tecnologías de conservación emergentes

La demanda creixent de productes mínimament processats i llestos per al consum planteja un important repte per a la seguretat alimentaria i ha conduit al desenvolupament de tractaments suaus que permetin inhibir el creixement microbià conservant la qualitat dels aliments. Els treballs recollits a la present tesi van plantejar diverses estratègies consistents en la combinació d'obstacles al creixement microbià per a millorar la seguretat de productes carnis llestos per al consum. Amb l'objectiu de millorar la seguretat dels embotits poc àcids, es va valorar l'aplicació del tractament per alta pressió hidrostàtica (APH) i l'addició de cultius iniciadors en embotits poc àcids. Per altra banda, per a reduir el risc de L. monocytogenes durant la conservació del pernil cuit llescat, es va avaluar l'efecte combinat de l'addició d'antimicrobians naturals (lactatat-diacetat i enterocines), afegits directament o a través de l'envasament antimicrobià, i el tractament per alta pressió hidrostàtica.

Vida i obra de Fra Bernat Hug de Rocabertí

Fra Bernat Hug de Rocabertí (c.1420-1485) was a prominent member of the Order of the Hospital in the Crown of Aragon in which to attain the dignity of Castilian of Amposta, the most important dignity in the Crown. This work is a historical biography of him, since he entered into the Order by the hand of his brotherin- law, fra Joan de Vilagut, until he became a confidant of King Joan II and his side took part in Catalan Civil War in the fifteenth century. In parallel, Rocabertí also devoted himself to poetry and wrote at least two pieces, the Estrampa, so far unpublished, here this work is published critically, and La glòria d’amor, a long narrative poem, which is a study of possible chronology. Moreover, also studied other people linked to Bernat Hug, like his brothers, authors of some interesting battle letters, also published for the first time, or their brothers-inlaw, among them Joan de Vilagut, also a poet, and Guillem Tinter, who had a poetic Exchange with Vilagut. The whole work is accompanied by transcription of an interesting collection of documents.

Pèptids biarílics a partir de 4-iodofenilalanina o 3-iodotirosina per borilació i reacció de Suzuki-Miyaura en fase sòlida. Avaluació de l'activitat antimicrobiana

En aquesta tesi doctoral es va estudiar la preparació de pèptids biarílics en fase sòlida. En primer lloc, es varen borilar residus de fenilalanina o tirosina presents a la seqüència peptídica a través d’una reacció de Miyaura. A continuació, es varen arilar els boronats resultants a través d’una reacció de Suzuki-Miyaura sota irradiació de microones, utilitzant diversos halurs d’aril i haloaminoàcids. La metodologia trobada es va estendre a la preparació de pèptids biarílics cíclics. Aquesta aproximació presenta l’avantatge d’evitar la síntesi en dissolució i la purificació del boronoaminoàcid. A més, permet la preparació d’una àmplia diversitat de pèptids biarílics a partir d’un únic boronopèptid. L’avaluació de l’activitat biològica dels pèptids sintetitzats va permetre idenficar seqüències actives enfront dels bacteris Erwinia amylovora, Xanthomonas vesicatoria, i Pseudomonas syringae, que són responsables de malalties greus en plantes d’interès econòmic com pereres i pomeres, i que varen resultar ser molt poc tòxics enfront cèl•lules eucariotes.

Synthesis of antimicrobial peptides derived from BP100 and BPC194

In the present PhD thesis we studied the solid-phase peptide synthesis of antimicrobial peptides derived from the lead peptides BP100 and BPC194. First, peptides derived from BP100 containing D-amino acids at different positions of the sequences were prepared. Moreover, peptidotriazoles derived from BP100 were also synthesized containing the triazole ring at the side-chain of different amino acids. Then, we proceeded to perform studies for the synthesis of multivalent peptides derived from BPC194. To achieve this objective, the synthesis of cyclic peptides containig a triazole ring at amino acids side-chain with different elongations was carried out. Finally, we prepared various carbopeptides containing 2 and 4 units of BP100 and/or its derivatives. The evaluation of the biological activity allowed the identification of active sequences against the economically important phytopathogenic bacteria and fungi and not toxic against eukaryotic cells.

Rethinking Polycentric Structures in the Postcolonial Church: Dangers of “Drone Missiology” or Afghanization of Christianity

In this brief essay I shall obviously draw from my reflections which I shared over the past three decades and to which I have provided some bibliographical references. It is clear from them that I had several opportunities to share my views beyond the Anglo-Saxon world, and some of them in events organized by K. Koschorke himself in the German academic circles as Munich-Freising Conferences. It is important that we do not get misled by words. We also need clarity of the concepts involved. Koschorke’s emphasis on “ploycentric structures” requires to be discussed and analysed critically to sort out its geographic components and its political-cultural implications, in order to be clear where lie the priorities. Without such exercise we will run the risk of hiding behind the ambiguity of words and concepts. My gut feelings make me believe that “polycentric structures” is just what the West needs in the postcolonial era to replace the control it has lost with decolonization.

Estudo da susceptibilidade aos antimicrobianos de estirpes de brucella suis

A brucelose é uma zoonose de distribuição mundial e representa um importante problema de saúde pública em muitos países em desenvolvimento. Preocupante é, também, a emergência da resistência bacteriana aos antimicrobianos, a nível mundial. Do nosso conhecimento, em Portugal, não existem estudos publicados sobre a susceptibilidade in vitro de Brucella spp a antimicrobianos. O presente estudo teve como objectivo a avaliação da susceptibilidade aos antimicrobianos de Brucella suis e sua comparação com estirpes de Brucella melitensis e Brucella abortus. Para tal, foi determinada em 89 estirpes bacterianas (75 de B. suis, 11 de B. melitensis e 3 de B. abortus) a Concentração Mínima Inibitória para a tetraciclina, doxiciclina, estreptomicina, gentamicina, trimetoprim, sulfametoxazol, rifampicina e polimixina-B. A maioria das estirpes em estudo mostrou ser suscetível à tetraciclina, doxiciclina, gentamicina, estreptomicina e rifampicina. Detectaram-se diferenças significativas na susceptibilidade entre as várias espécies e biovares à polimixina-B. Uma estirpe de campo de B. suis biovar 2 revelou um comportamento atípico em relação à estreptomicina, gentamicina e rifampicina. Sugere-se, como trabalho futuro, o estudo mais aprofundado desta estirpe, a nível molecular, para detecção de genes responsáveis pelo seu comportamento face aos antimicrobianos em questão. Os resultados obtidos poderão servir como base de dados e de comparação por parte de outros autores, em estudos futuros.

La paz Caliente (Coyuntura)

Este artículo pasa revista a los acontecimientos que han caracterizado las relaciones internacionales desde la publicación del número anterior. Analiza los pasos que se han dado en la campaña contra el terrorismo internacional que Estados Unidos y una coalición de estados iniciaron a raíz de los atentados del 11 de septiembre. En ese contexto considera que el proceso de estabilización política y reconstrucción de Afganistán no ha registrado mayores avances y que la situación actual en ese país bien podría desembocar en una reanudación de las confrontaciones políticas, si no en una nueva guerra civil. Se analizan también las nuevas tensiones que han surgido en el conflicto del Medio Oriente y en las legendarias disputas entre la India y Pakistán. En América Latina se vive una combinación de turbulencias económicas y financieras y de inestabilidad política y social.

Stable Isotope Analysis Reveals That Agricultural Habitat Provides an Important Dietary Component for Nonbreeding Dunlin

Although shorebirds spending the winter in temperate areas frequently use estuarine and supratidal (upland) feeding habitats, the relative contribution of each habitat to individual diets has not been directly quantified. We quantified the proportional use that Calidris alpina pacifica (Dunlin) made of estuarine vs. terrestrial farmland resources on the Fraser River Delta, British Columbia, using stable isotope analysis (δ13C, δ15N) of blood from 268 Dunlin over four winters, 1997 through 2000. We tested for individual, age, sex, morphological, seasonal, and weather-related differences in dietary sources. Based on single- (δ13C) and dual-isotope mixing models, the agricultural habitat contributed approximately 38% of Dunlin diet averaged over four winters, with the balance from intertidal flats. However, there was a wide variation among individuals in the extent of agricultural feeding, ranging from about 1% to 95% of diet. Younger birds had a significantly higher terrestrial contribution to diet (43%) than did adults (35%). We estimated that 6% of adults and 13% of juveniles were obtaining at least 75% of their diet from terrestrial sources. The isotope data provided no evidence for sex or overall body size effects on the proportion of diet that is terrestrial in origin. The use of agricultural habitat by Dunlin peaked in early January. Adult Dunlin obtained a greater proportion of their diet terrestrially during periods of lower temperatures and high precipitation, whereas no such relationship existed for juveniles. Seasonal variation in the use of agricultural habitat suggests that it is used more during energetically stressful periods. The terrestrial farmland zone appears to be consistently important as a habitat for juveniles, but for adults it may provide an alternative feeding site used as a buffer against starvation during periods of extreme weather. Loss or reduction of agricultural habitat adjacent to estuaries may negatively impact shorebird fitness, with juveniles disproportionately affected.

Rediscovering the King of Woodpeckers: Exploring the Implications

The Ivory-billed Woodpecker has long held a special place in the psyche of North American conservation, eliciting unusually colorful prose, even from scientists, as an icon of the wild. The reverence in which it was held did little to slow the habitat loss that led to its apparent extinction 60 years ago. A consequence of the emotion and attention associated with the amazing rediscovery of this species is that conservation biologists will be under considerable pressure to make good on this “second chance.” This poses a challenge to conservation paradigms that has important political consequences. First, the decline of the species is due to habitat loss, recovery from which has been much more seldom achieved than recovery from declines due to impacts on vital rates. This challenge is exacerbated by the enormous area requirements of the species. Second, the species at best exists as a critically small population. It will be difficult to make the case that a viable population can be established without undermining the small population paradigm that underlies conservation strategies for many other species. This has already resulted in some political backlash. Conservation of this species is best based on the one point of clear scientific consensus, that habitat is limiting, but this may result in additional political backlash because of conflicts with other land uses.

Nonbreeding-Season Drivers of Population Dynamics in Seasonal Migrants: Conservation Parallels Across Taxa

For seasonal migrants, logistical constraints have often limited conservation efforts to improving survival and reproduction during the breeding season only. Yet, mounting empirical evidence suggests that events occurring throughout the migratory life cycle can critically alter the demography of many migrant species. Herein, we build upon recent syntheses of avian migration research to review the role of non-breeding seasons in determining the population dynamics and fitness of diverse migratory taxa, including salmonid fishes, marine mammals, ungulates, sea turtles, butterflies, and numerous bird groups. We discuss several similarities across these varied migrants: (i) non-breeding survivorship tends to be a strong driver of population growth; (ii) non-breeding events can affect fitness in subsequent seasons through seasonal interactions at individual- and population-levels; (iii) broad-scale climatic influences often alter non-breeding resources and migration timing, and may amplify population impacts through covariation among seasonal vital rates; and (iv) changes to both stationary and migratory non-breeding habitats can have important consequences for abundance and population trends. Finally, we draw on these patterns to recommend that future conservation research for seasonal migrants will benefit from: (1) more explicit recognition of the important parallels among taxonomically diverse migratory animals; (2) an expanded research perspective focused on quantification of all seasonal vital rates and their interactions; and (3) the development of detailed population projection models that account for complexity and uncertainty in migrant population dynamics.

Understanding mixing efficiency in the oceans. Do the nonlinearities of the equation of state matter?

There exist two central measures of turbulent mixing in turbulent stratified fluids that are both caused by molecular diffusion: 1) the dissipation rate D(APE) of available potential energy APE; 2) the turbulent rate of change Wr, turbulent of background gravitational potential energy GPEr. So far, these two quantities have often been regarded as the same energy conversion, namely the irreversible conversion of APE into GPEr, owing to the well known exact equality D(APE)=Wr, turbulent for a Boussinesq fluid with a linear equation of state. Recently, however, Tailleux (2009) pointed out that the above equality no longer holds for a thermally-stratified compressible, with the ratio ξ=Wr, turbulent/D(APE) being generally lower than unity and sometimes even negative for water or seawater, and argued that D(APE) and Wr, turbulent actually represent two distinct types of energy conversion, respectively the dissipation of APE into one particular subcomponent of internal energy called the "dead" internal energy IE0, and the conversion between GPEr and a different subcomponent of internal energy called "exergy" IEexergy. In this paper, the behaviour of the ratio ξ is examined for different stratifications having all the same buoyancy frequency N vertical profile, but different vertical profiles of the parameter Υ=α P/(ρCp), where α is the thermal expansion coefficient, P the hydrostatic pressure, ρ the density, and Cp the specific heat capacity at constant pressure, the equation of state being that for seawater for different particular constant values of salinity. It is found that ξ and Wr, turbulent depend critically on the sign and magnitude of dΥ/dz, in contrast with D(APE), which appears largely unaffected by the latter. These results have important consequences for how the mixing efficiency should be defined and measured in practice, which are discussed.

Modelling habitat selection and distribution of the critically endangered Jerdon's courser Rhinoptilus bitorquatus in scrub jungle: an application of a new tracking method

1. Jerdon's courser Rhinoptilus bitorquatus is a nocturnally active cursorial bird that is only known to occur in a small area of scrub jungle in Andhra Pradesh, India, and is listed as critically endangered by the IUCN. Information on its habitat requirements is needed urgently to underpin conservation measures. We quantified the habitat features that correlated with the use of different areas of scrub jungle by Jerdon's coursers, and developed a model to map potentially suitable habitat over large areas from satellite imagery and facilitate the design of surveys of Jerdon's courser distribution. 2. We used 11 arrays of 5-m long tracking strips consisting of smoothed fine soil to detect the footprints of Jerdon's coursers, and measured tracking rates (tracking events per strip night). We counted the number of bushes and trees, and described other attributes of vegetation and substrate in a 10-m square plot centred on each strip. We obtained reflectance data from Landsat 7 satellite imagery for the pixel within which each strip lay. 3. We used logistic regression models to describe the relationship between tracking rate by Jerdon's coursers and characteristics of the habitat around the strips, using ground-based survey data and satellite imagery. 4. Jerdon's coursers were most likely to occur where the density of large (>2 m tall) bushes was in the range 300-700 ha(-1) and where the density of smaller bushes was less than 1000 ha(-1). This habitat was detectable using satellite imagery. 5. Synthesis and applications. The occurrence of Jerdon's courser is strongly correlated with the density of bushes and trees, and is in turn affected by grazing with domestic livestock, woodcutting and mechanical clearance of bushes to create pasture, orchards and farmland. It is likely that there is an optimal level of grazing and woodcutting that would maintain or create suitable conditions for the species. Knowledge of the species' distribution is incomplete and there is considerable pressure from human use of apparently suitable habitats. Hence, distribution mapping is a high conservation priority. A two-step procedure is proposed, involving the use of ground surveys of bush density to calibrate satellite image-based mapping of potential habitat. These maps could then be used to select priority areas for Jerdon's courser surveys. The use of tracking strips to study habitat selection and distribution has potential in studies of other scarce and secretive species.