Teachers’ reflections on non standard students work

One of the tasks of teaching (Ball, Thames, & Phelps, 2008) concerns the work of interpreting student error and evaluating alternative algorithms used by students. Teachers’ abilities to understand nonstandard student work affects their instructional decisions, the explanations they provide in the classroom, the way they guide their students, and how they conduct mathematical discussions. However, their knowledge or their perceptions of the knowledge may not correspond to the actual level of knowledge that will support flexibility and fluency in a mathematics classroom. In this paper, we focus on Norwegian and Portuguese teachers’ reflections when trying to give sense to students’ use of nonstandard subtraction algorithms and of the mathematics imbedded in such. By discussing teachers’ mathematical knowledge associated with these situations and revealed in their reflections, we can perceive the difficulties teachers have in making sense of students’ solutions that differ from those most commonly reached.

Accessing prospective early years’ teachers’ knowledge on fractions in order to design tasks for developing teachers’ MKT

Fractions is perhaps one of the most complex and difficult topics pupils explore in the early years of schooling. Difficulties in learning this topic may have its genesis in the fact that fractions comprise a multifaceted construct (Kieren, 1995) or can be conceived as being grounded in the instructional approaches employed to teach fractions (Behr, Harel, Post & Lesh, 1993). Thus, students’ limited understanding might be related to how their teachers understand and interpret fractions — it’s thus related with teachers’ knowledge and practice. Although there is a generalized agreement on teachers’ role on/for students learning, most research on fractions focus on students, leaving aside teachers’ role (and their knowledge on the topic). Thus, teachers’ training has in certain respects been left behind. We still know little about how teachers’ knowledge on fractions influences students’ broader view of mathematics, and its connection and evolution within and along schooling. Aimed at conceptualize ways of improving teachers’ knowledge, training and practices, it’s of fundamental importance to access the areas of knowledge (here conceived as mathematical knowledge for teaching (MKT) (Ball, Thames & Phelps, 2008) in which (prospective) teachers are more deficitaries.

Análisis predictivo de los eventos adversos relacionados con los indicadores de eficiencia hospitalaria de una IPS de Bogotá

En este estudio se realizó un análisis predictivo de la aparición de eventos adversos de los pacientes de una IPS de Bogotá, Mederi Hospital Universitario de Barrios Unidos (HUBU) durante el año 2013; relacionados con los indicadores de eficiencia hospitalaria (Porcentaje de ocupación hospitalaria, número de egresos hospitalarios, promedio de estancia hospitalaria, número de egresos de urgencias, promedio de estancia en urgencias). Los datos fueron exportados a una matriz de análisis de las variables cualitativas; fueron presentadas con frecuencias absolutas y relativas, las variables cuantitativas (edad, tiempos de estancia) fueron presentadas con media, desviaciones estándar. Se agruparon los datos de eventos adversos y de eficiencia hospitalaria en una nueva matriz que permitiera el análisis predictivo la nueva matriz fue exportada al software de modelación estadístico Eviews 6.5; se especificaron modelos predictivos multivariados para la variable número de eventos adversos, respecto de los indicadores de eficiencia hospitalaria y se estimaron las probabilidades de ocurrencia, análisis de correlación y multicolinealidad; los resultados se presentaron en tablas de estimación para cada modelo, se restringieron los eventos adversos prevenibles y no prevenibles información obtenida a través de un sistema de información que registra los factores relacionados con la ocurrencia de eventos adversos en salud, a través del sistema de reporte de eventos en salud, reporte en las historias clínicas, reporte individual, reporte por servicio, análisis de datos y estudios de caso, de la misma forma fueron extraídos los datos de eficiencia hospitalaria para el mismo periodo. El análisis y gestión de eventos adversos pretende establecer estrategias de mejoramiento continuo y análisis de resultados frente a los indicadores de eficiencia que permitan intervención de los factores de riesgo operativo de los servicios del Hospital Universitario de Barrios Unidos (HUBU), relacionados con eventos adversos en la atención de los pacientes en especial se debe enfocar en la gestión de los egresos de pacientes de acuerdo a los resultados obtenidos con el fin de alinearse y fortalecer las políticas de seguridad del paciente para brindar una atención integral con calidad y eficiencia, disminuyendo las quejas en la atención, las glosas, los riesgos jurídicos, de acuerdo al modelo predictivo estudiado.

Previsão estocástica de nível fluviométrico para cidade de Marabá-PA: método de Box-Jenkins

O Município de Marabá- PA, situado na região Amazônica, sudeste do Estado do Pará, sofre anualmente com eventos de enchentes, ocasionados pelo aumento periódico do rio Tocantins e pela situação de vulnerabilidade da população que reside em áreas de risco. A defesa civil estadual e municipal anualmente planeja e prepara equipes para ações de defesa no município. Nesta fase o monitoramento e previsão de eventos de enchentes são importantes. Portanto, com o objetivo de diminuir erros nas previsões hidrológicas para o Município de Marabá, desenvolveu-se um modelo estocástico para previsão de nível do rio Tocantins, baseado na metodologia de Box e Jenkins. Utilizou os dados de níveis diários observados nas estações hidrológicas de Marabá e Carolina e Conceição do Araguaia da Agência Nacional de Águas (ANA), do período de 01/12/ 2008 a 31/03/2011. Efetuou-se o ajustamento de três modelos (M_t, N_t e Y_t), através de diferentes aplicativos estatísticos: o SAS e o Gretl, usando diferentes interpretações do comportamento das séries para gerar as equações dos modelos. A principal diferença entre os aplicativos é que no SAS usa o modelo de função de transferência na modelagem. Realizou-se uma classificação da variabilidade do nível do rio, através da técnica dos Quantis para o período de 1972 a 2011, examinando-se apenas as categorizações de níveis ACIMA e MUITO ACIMA do normal. Para análise de impactos socioeconômicos foram usados os dados das ações da Defesa Civil Estado do Pará nas cheias de 2009 e 2011. Os resultados mostraram que o número de eventos de cheias com níveis MUITO ACIMA do normal, geralmente, podem estar associados a eventos de La Niña. Outro resultado importante: os modelos gerados simularam muito bem o nível do rio para o período de sete dias (01/04/2011 a 07/04/2011). O modelo multivariado N_t (com pequenos erros) representou o comportamento da série original, subestimando os valores reais nos dias 3, 4 e 5 de abril de 2011, com erro máximo de 0,28 no dia 4. O modelo univariado (Y_t) teve bons resultados nas simulações com erros absolutos em torno de 0,12 m. O modelo com menor erro absoluto (0,08m) para o mesmo período foi o modelo M_t, desenvolvido pelo aplicativo SAS, que interpreta a série original como sendo não linear e não estacionária. A análise quantitativa dos impactos fluviométricos, ocorridos nas enchentes de 2009 e 2011 na cidade de Marabá, revelou em média que mais de 4 mil famílias sofrem com estes eventos, implicado em gastos financeiros elevados. Logo, conclui-se que os modelos de previsão de níveis são importantes ferramentas que a Defesa Civil, utiliza no planejamento e preparo de ações preventivas para o município de Marabá.

Zmiany w systemach komunikacji akustycznej ptaków jako bioindykatory zmian w środowisku

Wydział Biologii

I got drunk and lost my virginity : young women's magazines and the management of sexual identity

It has often been argued that young woman’s magazine’s, like Cosmopolitan, Cleo Dolly and Seventeen, constitute a significant instrument in the patriarchal repression of young women - their hegemonic success lying in the fact that they appear to be sites wherein young women are ‘free’ from the elements of coercion so obviously in evidence within other terrains, such as the school and the family. This paper will suggest an alternative approach to these magazines. Rather than locating such texts within an overall model of repression and patriarchal domination, it will be argued here that they can be regarded as practical manuals which enrol young women to do specific kinds of work on themselves. In doing so, they form an effective link between the governmental imperatives aimed at constructing particular personas (such as, for example, ‘the sexually responsible young woman’), and the actual practices whereby these imperatives are operationalised. These manuals do not prevent young women from learning to ‘project a unique self’, they constitute a significant source of practices and techniques through which particular types of self are shaped.

Riverine flow and spawning requirements of Macquaria ambigua oriens: implications for conservation and management

Understanding the life-history attributes of aquatic species is integral to the development of environmental-flow strategies in regulated river systems. This is particularly important when species are under continual and increasing pressure from water-resource development. In this study, the water temperature and flow requirements for spawning of the Fitzroy River golden perch (Macquaria ambigua oriens) were investigated over 4 years at 22 sites in the Fitzroy River catchment. Eggs, larvae and young-of-year (YOY) M. ambigua oriens were sampled on a variety of flow events to determine the environmental requirements for spawning. Eggs and larvae of M. ambigua oriens were detected during natural flow events generally with a minimum of 1.5 m river rise and duration of 7 days. Spawning was associated with the peak and/or recession of the first or second post-winter flow event where water temperatures exceeded 248 degrees C. Our data suggests that it is important to protect a range of flows, not just flood flows, as previously documented for this species. The interaction of spawning flows with existing and future water-resource development should be considered to ensure maintenance of the population viability of M. ambigua oriens.

River Lune processes. A study of change in the River Lune catchment and recommendations for flood defence management

There has been a perception of increasing river channel instability in north west rivers and the River Lune in particular in recent decades. This has been attributed variously to: (a) long-term trends in precipitation-runoff regime; (b) changes in land-use such as moor-draining and sub-soil draining such that the river is more flashy than previously, and (c) a change in the magnitude-frequency relationships of flow such that high discharges are occurring with increased frequency. Resources are available in the form of rainfall and runoff records, archived information on channel planform, land use statistics and local engineering experience which have not been jointly and fully evaluated. Effective interpretation of the nature of channel change through time with respect to this resource may enhance the Environment Agency's ability to manage the river channel efficiently in the future and will aid the development of effective policy. The results of this study will for the first time, provide robust guidance with respect to long-term channel adjustment and the appropriate management options. The research provides suggestions as to how policy might be developed taking account of other pertinent factors.

Methodologies and mechanisms for management of cumulative coastal environmental impacts. Part I: Synthesis, with annotated bibliography; Part II: Development and application of a cumulative impacts assessment protocol

What Are ~umulat iveE ffects? Coastal managers now recognize that many of the most serious resource degradation problems have built up gradually as the combined outcome of numerous actions and choices which alone may have had relatively minor impacts. For example, alteration of essential habitat through wetland loss, degradation of water quality from nonpoint source pollution, and changes in salinity of estuarine waters from water diversion projects can be attributed to numerous small actions and choices. These incremental losses have broad spatial and temporal dimensions, resulting in the gradual alteration of structure and functioning of biophysical systems. In the environmental management field, the term "cumulative effects" is generally used to describe this phenomenon of changes in the environment that result from numerous, small-scale alterations.

Levantamento pedológico de uma área-piloto relacionada ao Projeto BiosBrasil (Conservation and Sustainable Management of Below-Ground Biodiversity: Phase I), município de Benjamin Constant (AM): janela 6.

2005

Solos das áreas-piloto do Projeto BiosBrasil (Conservation and Sustainable Management of Below-Ground Biodiversity: Phase I), Município de Benjamin Constant, Estado do Amazonas.

2005

Levantamento pedológico de uma área-piloto relacionada ao Projeto BiosBrasil (Conservation and Sustainable Management of Below-Ground Biodiversity: Phase I), Município de Benjamin Constant (AM): Janela 6

2005

Solos das áreas-piloto do Projeto BiosBrasil (Conservation and Sustainable Management of Below-Ground Biodiversity: Phase I), Município de Benjamin Constant, Estado do Amazonas

2005

Levantamento pedológico de uma área-piloto relacionada ao projeto BiosBrasil (Conservation and Sustainable Management of Below-Ground Biodiversity: Phase I), Município de Benjamin Constant (AM): janela 6.

2005

Solos das áreas-piloto do projeto BiosBrasil (Conservation and Sustainable Management of Below-Ground Biodiversity: Phase I), município de Benjamin Constant, Estado do Amazonas.

2005