La Residencia de Estudiantes y su obra.

Se fundó en 1910 por la Junta para la Ampliación de Estudios e Investigaciones Científicas. Con la Residencia se creaba una institución educativa que reuniese en una misma residencia a los estudiantes que, procedentes de toda España, acudiesen a Madrid para seguir estudiando en las diferentes facultades universitarias o de las escuelas técnicas radicadas en la capital del país. No sólo sería un lugar de residencia para los estudiantes forasteros, sino seria un hogar para ellos, hogar intelectual y familiar en cuanto se intentaba que allí viviesen en un ambiente de familia y de estudio, en convivencia con profesores y personas escogidas de las que pudieran recibir enseñanzas, ejemplo y consejo. Estaba dotado de una biblioteca fácilmente accesible. Se pretendía proporcionar al estudiante una educación total y humana al procurar que su vida se desenvolviera en un medio propicio al estudio y a un enriquecimiento espiritual y ejemplaridad de conducta que la universidad de entonces no daba ni podía dar al estudioso La elección de don Alberto Jiménez Fraudi para dirigir esta intitución por Giner de los Rïos fue acertadísima al revelarse Alberto rápidamente como un verdadero humanista. La residencia se convirtió pronto en un verdadero foco intelectual que venía a ser un complemento de la enseñanza universitaria oficial y que frecuentaban profesores, hombres de letras y de ciencias, artistas, etcétera. Su importancia fue tal que hubo que construir nuevos edificios para su instalación definitiva en la zona norte de Madrid, al final de la calle del Pinar y en un montecillo llamado Cerro del Viento, que se acabó llamando Colina de los Chopos. Así, se convirtió en una pequeña ciudad estudiantil. Este cambio se realizó en 1915. Hasta 1935 continuaron apareciendo las publicaciones periódicas de la Residencia. Aparte de tantas figuras famosas de la cultura española que pasaron o vivieron por la Residencia. Cabe destacar el paso por ella de celebridades mundiales como. Alberto Einstein, el arqueólogo Howard Cartes, el economista Keynes, el novelista inglés Wells, el músico Stravinsky, Madame Curie, el filósofo Henri Bergson.

La unión de las dimensiones sociales, intelectuales y afectivas de la educación para transformar la sociedad.

El artículo forma parte de un monográfico dedicado a comunidades de aprendizaje. Resumen tomado de la revista

Validity evidence based on internal structure

Resumen tomado de la publicación

Kipus: revista andina de letras. 23 (Reseñas)

Presenta las reseñas de los sigietnes libros: ALICIA ORTEGA CAICEDO, EDIT., Sartre y nosotros, Quito, Universidad Andina Simón Bolívar, Sede Ecuador / Editorial El Conejo, 2007, 331 pp. -- SANTIAGO RONCAGLIOLO, Abril Rojo, Madrid, Alfaguara, 2006, 344 pp. -- RAÚL VALLEJO, Missa Solemnis, Quito, Seix Barral, 2008, 128 pp. -- LEONARDO VALENCIA, El libro flotante de Caytran Dölphin, Quito, Paradiso Editores, 2006, 343 pp. -- PABLO AYALA ROMÁN, El mundo del rock en Quito, Quito, Instituto de Estudios Avanzados / Corporación Editora Nacional, 2008, 182 pp. -- GABRIELA ALEMÁN, Poso Wells, Quito, Eskeletra, 2007, 393 pp. -- RAMIRO ARIAS, Todo el sabor tropical, Quito, Eskeletra, 2008, 411 pp. -- HUGO LARREA BENALCÁZAR, Cuando tú te hayas ido, Quito, El Conejo, 2008, 383, pp. -- ERNESTO CARRIÓN, Muerte de Caín, Quito, Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 2007, 305 pp. -- CÉSAR DÁVILA ANDRADE, Obra poética, Quito, Colección Memoria de Vida, vol. 8, Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 2007, 358 pp. -- GILDA HOLST, Bumerán, Guayaquil, b@ez.editor.es, 2006, 119 pp. -- FERNANDO AMPUERO, Puta linda, Lima, Planeta, 2006, 127 pp.

Flight periodicity and the vertical distribution of high-altitude moth migration over southern Britain

The continuous operation of insect-monitoring radars in the UK has permitted, for the first time, the characterization of various phenomena associated with high-altitude migration of large insects over this part of northern Europe. Previous studies have taken a case-study approach, concentrating on a small number of nights of particular interest. Here, combining data from two radars, and from an extensive suction- and light-trapping network, we have undertaken a more systematic, longer-term study of diel flight periodicity and vertical distribution of macro-insects in the atmosphere. Firstly, we identify general features of insect abundance and stratification, occurring during the 24-hour cycle, which emerge from four years’ aggregated radar data for the summer months in southern Britain. These features include mass emigrations at dusk and to a lesser extent at dawn, and daytime concentrations associated with thermal convection. We then focus our attention on the well-defined layers of large nocturnal migrants that form in the early evening, usually at heights of 200–500 m above ground. We present evidence from both radar and trap data that these nocturnal layers are composed mainly of noctuid moths, with species such as Noctua pronuba, Autographa gamma, Agrotis exclamationis, A. segetum, Xestia c-nigrum and Phlogophora meticulosa predominating.

Experimental crop growing in Jordan to develop methodology for the identification of ancient crop irrigation

Crop irrigation has long been recognized as having been important for the evolution of social complexity in several parts of the world. Structural evidence for water management, as in the form of wells, ditches and dams, is often difficult to interpret and may be a poor indicator of past irrigation that may have had no need for such constructions. It would be of considerable value, therefore, to be able to infer past irrigation directly from archaeo-botanical remains, and especially the type of archaeo-botanical remains that are relatively abundant in the archaeological record, such as phytoliths. Building on the pioneering work of Rosen and Wiener (1994), this paper describes a crop-growing experiment designed to explore the impact of irrigation on the formation of phytoliths within cereals. If it can be shown that a systemic and consistent relationship exists between phytolith size, structure and the intensity of irrigation, and if various taphonomic and palaeoenvironmental processes can be controlled for, then the presence of past irrigation can feasibly be inferred from the phytoliths recovered from the archaeological record.

An inventory of heavy metals inputs to agricultural soils in England and Wales

An inventory of heavy metal inputs (Zn, Cu, Ni, Pb, Cd, Cr, As and Hg) to agricultural soils in England and Wales in 2000 is presented, accounting for major sources including atmospheric deposition, sewage sludge, livestock manures, inorganic fertilisers and lime, agrochemicals, irrigation water, industrial by-product 'wastes' and composts. Across the whole agricultural land area, atmospheric deposition was the main source of most metals, ranging from 25 to 85% of total inputs. Livestock manures and sewage sludge were also important sources, responsible for an estimated 37-40 and 8-17% of total Zn and Cu inputs, respectively. However, at the individual field scale sewage sludge, livestock manures and industrial wastes could be the major source of many metals where these materials are applied. This work will assist in developing strategies for reducing heavy metal inputs to agricultural land and effectively targeting policies to protect soils from long-term heavy metal accumulation. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

The unsteady flow of a weakly compressible fluid in a thin porous layer. I: Two-dimensional theory

We consider the problem of determining the pressure and velocity fields for a weakly compressible fluid flowing in a two-dimensional reservoir in an inhomogeneous, anisotropic porous medium, with vertical side walls and variable upper and lower boundaries, in the presence of vertical wells injecting or extracting fluid. Numerical solution of this problem may be expensive, particularly in the case that the depth scale of the layer h is small compared to the horizontal length scale l. This is a situation which occurs frequently in the application to oil reservoir recovery. Under the assumption that epsilon=h/l<<1, we show that the pressure field varies only in the horizontal direction away from the wells (the outer region). We construct two-term asymptotic expansions in epsilon in both the inner (near the wells) and outer regions and use the asymptotic matching principle to derive analytical expressions for all significant process quantities. This approach, via the method of matched asymptotic expansions, takes advantage of the small aspect ratio of the reservoir, epsilon, at precisely the stage where full numerical computations become stiff, and also reveals the detailed structure of the dynamics of the flow, both in the neighborhood of wells and away from wells.

Vibrational intensities VI: ethylene and its deutero-isotopes

Absolute intensity measurements have been made on the fundamental vibrations of ethylene and four of its deuteroisotopes. The bands were pressure broadened with nitrogen at 50 atmos, and the intensities were determined by the method of Wilson and Wells except that the observed optical density was integrated against logv rather than v. Normal coordinates have been calculated, and the intensities have been interpreted in terms of quantities (∂p/∂Si) giving the change in dipole moment with respect to each internal symmetry coordinate. Data from the different isotopic species have been used to eliminate ambiguities in the interpretation. Effective bond moments are calculated for each symmetry coordinate.

Vibrational intensities VII: ethane and ethane-d6

Absolute intensity measurements have been made on the fundamental vibrations of C2H6 and C2D6, using the extrapolation method of Wilson and Wells and using nitrogen at pressures up to 50 atmospheres to broaden the bands. The absorption coefficient was integrated against the logarithm of the frequency. Normal coordinates were calculated from the potential function of Hansen and Dennison, and were used to interpret the results in terms of quantities (∂p/∂Si) giving the change of dipole moment with respect to the symmetry coordinates Si. Consistency of data between the isotopes was used both to eliminate ambiguities in the interpretation, and as a criterion in separating overlapping pairs of absorption bands. The results have been interpreted in terms of bond effective moments.