O debate modernidade / pós-modernidade e a crise socioambiental: um estudo sobre teses e dissertações brasileiras em educação ambiental

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

O trabalho de licenciandos em alemão e inglês no PIBID: a construção da prática docente a partir das crenças de alunos do Ensino Médio sobre língua e cultura estrangeira

For some time, researchers in teacher education (ZEICHNER; LISTON, 1996; GIMENEZ, 2005) have been drawing attention to the need to place undergraduates in contexts of practice that help them make sense of the theoretical training they receive in the graduation course. In this article, we discuss the intersection between school and university for initial foreign language teacher education through activities carried out under the Brazilian Institutional Program for Initiation to Teaching – Language and Literature of a state university. These activities were aimed, on the one hand, to promote reflection about the concept of culture and intercultural language teaching during initial teacher education and, secondly, to deconstruct stereotypes of high school students about German and English language and culture. Based on the analysis of data on the beliefs of students of the school and the support of theoretical studies such as Kramsch (2006, 2009), Bolognini (1993), among others, workshops were designed to expand the cultural universe of the high school students in the partner state school, the concept of culture and to deconstruct stereotypes. It was found that the activity contributed to the reflective education of the undergraduate students in relation to the treatment of the subject culture in language teaching.

Construção e vivência de valores: aprendendo a ser e a conviver

This study was developed from a extension project between the years of 2006 -2009 in a Middle School in the city of Bauru with the goals to support the construction of citizenship in teenagers and to strengthen their self esteem, their self knowledge and the achievement of their rights and duties in order to ease their insertion into the collective, as they realize themselves as social transformation agents. It is an adaptation of a project developed by the ODEBRECHT foundation in Bahia focusing on the transverse themes: Ethics, Sexual Education, Cultural Plurality, Work and Consumption, and Health and Environment. These themes, in addition to others that each school needs to prioritize due to the vicissitudes that experiences, must permeate across the curriculum to create, transform and favor their development by means of the daily living. The survey methodology was based in the research-action. We considered the activities developed in groups and the result of Defining Issues Test (DIT-1) applied before and after Project for data collection. The result indicates change in the moral development of the teenagers and new perceptions about the problems that are presented in the reality, providing the construction of values present in the transverse themes proposal. Greater participation of students in the school activities, like student guild and fanfare, was also observed.

Elementos constitutivos do humor em sitcoms: uma análise à luz dos estudos da tradução baseados em corpus

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Analysis of the protective potential of antigens released by Leishmania (Viannia) shawi promastigotes

Leishmania (Viannia) shawi causes cutaneous lesions in humans. Parasite antigens conferring significant protection against American tegumentar leishmaniosis (ATL) might be important for the development of effective vaccine. Therefore, this work evaluates the protective effect of antigenic fractions released by L. shawi. Antigens released by promastigotes to culture medium were concentrated and isolated by SDS-PAGE. The three main fractions LsPass1 (>75 kDa), LsPass2 (75-50 kDa) and LsPass3 (<50 kDa) were electro-eluted according with their molecular mass. Immunized BALB/c mice were challenged with L. shawi promastigotes and the course of infection monitored during 5 weeks. LsPass1-challenged mice showed no protection, however, a strong degree of protection associated to smaller lesions and high expression of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha by CD4(+) T, CD8(+) T and double negative CD4CD8 cells was achieved in LsPass3-challenged mice. Furthermore, LsPass2-challenged mice showed an intermediated degree of protection associated to high levels of IFN-gamma, IL-4 and IL-10 mRNA. In spite of increased expression of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha, high amounts of IL-4 and IL-10 mRNA were also detected in LsPass3-challenged mice indicating a possible contribution of these cytokines for the persistence of a residual number of parasites that may be important in inducing long-lasting immunity. Therefore, LsPass3 seems to be an interesting alternative that should be considered in the development of an effective vaccine against ATL.

Biología de la conservación de endemismos vagetales de los parques nacionales canarios

[ES]El presente proyecto se centra en aplicar técnicas de biología molecular, demográficas y de biología reproductiva en cuatro endemismos canarios amenazados que se encuentran total o parcialmente localizados en los parques nacionales de Canarias: Silene nocteolens Webb & Berthel. (Parque Nacional del Teide, Tenerife); Ilex perado ssp. lopezlilloi (G. Kunkel) A. Hansen & Sunding (Parque Nacional Garajonay, La Gomera), Sorbus aria (L.) Crantz (Parque Nacional de la Caldera de Taburiente, La Palma) y Bencomia exstipulata Svent. (parques nacionales del Teide y Caldera de Taburiente). Se estableció un estudio genético a través de marcadores moleculares hipervariables, microsatélites, y se determinó para cada taxón la variación genética de sus poblaciones, para su posterior aplicación en la gestión en el ámbito de la Biología de la conservación de estos taxones.

Deep geometry of subduction below the Andean belt of Colombia as revealed by seismic tomography

In this study new tomographic models of Colombia were calculated. I used the seismicity recorded by the Colombian seismic network during the period 2006-2009. In this time period, the improvement of the seismic network yields more stable hypocentral results with respect to older data set and allows to compute new 3D Vp and Vp/Vs models. The final dataset consists of 10813 P- and 8614 S-arrival times associated to 1405 earthquakes. Tests with synthetic data and resolution analysis indicate that velocity models are well constrained in central, western and southwestern Colombia to a depth of 160 km; the resolution is poor in the northern Colombia and close to Venezuela due to a lack of seismic stations and seismicity. The tomographic models and the relocated seismicity indicate the existence of E-SE subducting Nazca lithosphere beneath central and southern Colombia. The North-South changes in Wadati-Benioff zone, Vp & Vp/Vs pattern and volcanism, show that the downgoing plate is segmented by slab tears E-W directed, suggesting the presence of three sectors. Earthquakes in the northernmost sector represent most of the Colombian seimicity and concentrated on 100-170 km depth interval, beneath the Eastern Cordillera. Here a massive dehydration is inferred, resulting from a delay in the eclogitization of a thickened oceanic crust in a flat-subduction geometry. In this sector a cluster of intermediate-depth seismicity (Bucaramanga Nest) is present beneath the elbow of the Eastern Cordillera, interpreted as the result of massive and highly localized dehydration phenomenon caused by a hyper-hydrous oceanic crust. The central and southern sectors, although different in Vp pattern show, conversely, a continuous, steep and more homogeneous Wadati-Benioff zone with overlying volcanic areas. Here a "normalthickened" oceanic crust is inferred, allowing for a gradual and continuous metamorphic reactions to take place with depth, enabling the fluid migration towards the mantle wedge.

Development of a field method to assess root parasites of woody plants - ecological analyses of the grapevine-phylloxera interaction

The development and the growth of plants is strongly affected by the interactions between roots, rootrnassociated organisms and rhizosphere communities. Methods to assess such interactions are hardly torndevelop particularly in perennial and woody plants, due to their complex root system structure and theirrntemporal change in physiology patterns. In this respect, grape root systems are not investigated veryrnwell. The aim of the present work was the development of a method to assess and predict interactionsrnat the root system of rootstocks (Vitis berlandieri x Vitis riparia) in field. To achieve this aim, grapernphylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae Fitch, Hemiptera, Aphidoidea) was used as a graperoot parasitizingrnmodel.rnTo develop the methodical approach, a longt-term trial (2006-2009) was arranged on a commercial usedrnvineyard in Geisenheim/Rheingau. All 2 to 8 weeks the top most 20 cm of soil under the foliage wallrnwere investigated and root material was extracted (n=8-10). To include temporal, spatial and cultivarrnspecific root system dynamics, the extracted root material was analyzed digitally on the morphologicalrnproperties. The grape phylloxera population was quantified and characterized visually on base of theirrnlarvalstages (oviparous, non oviparous and winged preliminary stages). Infection patches (nodosities)rnwere characterized visually as well, partly supported by digital root color analyses. Due to the knownrneffects of fungal endophytes on the vitality of grape phylloxera infested grapevines, fungal endophytesrnwere isolated from nodosity and root tissue and characterized (morphotypes) afterwards. Further abioticrnand biotic soil conditions of the vineyards were assessed. The temporal, spatial and cultivar specificrnsensitivity of single parameters were analyzed by omnibus tests (ANOVAs) and adjacent post-hoc tests.rnThe relations between different parameters were analyzed by multiple regression models.rnQuantitative parameters to assess the degeneration of nodosity, the development nodosity attachedrnroots and to differentiate between nodosities and other root swellings in field were developed. Significantrndifferences were shown between root dynamic including parameters and root dynamic ignoringrnparameters. Regarding the description of grape phylloxera population and root system dynamic, thernmethod showed a high temporal, spatial and cultivar specific sensitivity. Further, specific differencesrncould be shown in the frequency of endophyte morphotypes between root and nodosity tissue as wellrnas between cultivars. Degeneration of nodosities as well as nodosity occupation rates could be relatedrnto the calculated abundances of grape phylloxera population. Further ecological questions consideringrngrape root development (e.g. relation between moisture and root development) and grape phylloxerarnpopulation development (e.g. relation between temperature and population structure) could be answeredrnfor field conditions.rnGenerally, the presented work provides an approach to evaluate vitality of grape root systems. Thisrnapproach can be useful, considering the development of control strategies against soilborne pests inrnviticulture (e.g. grape phylloxera, Sorospheara viticola, Roesleria subterranea (Weinm.) Redhaed) as well as considering the evaluation of integrated management systems in viticulture.

Sustained impact of electronic alerts on rate of prophylaxis against venous thromboembolism

Advanced electronic alerts (eAlerts) and computerised physician order entry (CPOE) increase adequate thromboprophylaxis orders among hospitalised medical patients. It remains unclear whether eAlerts maintain their efficacy over time, after withdrawal of continuing medical education (CME) on eAlerts and on thromboprophylaxis indications from the study staff. We analysed 5,317 hospital cases from the University Hospital Zurich during 2006-2009: 1,854 cases from a medical ward with eAlerts (interventiongroup) and 3,463 cases from a surgical ward without eAlerts (controlgroup). In the intervention group, an eAlert with hospital-specific venous thromboembolism (VTE) prevention guidelines was issued in the electronic patient chart 6 hours after admission if no pharmacological or mechanical thromboprophylaxis had been ordered. Data were analysed for three phases: pre-implementation (phase 1), eAlert implementation with CME (phase 2), and post-implementation without CME (phase3). The rates of thromboprophylaxis in the intervention group were 43.4% in phase 1 and 66.7% in phase 2 (p<0.001), and increased further to 73.6% in phase3 (p=0.011). Early thromboprophylaxis orders within 12 hours after admission were more often placed in phase 2 and 3 as compared to phase 1 (67.1% vs. 52.1%, p<0.001). In the surgical control group, the thromboprophylaxis rates in the three phases were 88.6%, 90.7%, 90.6% (p=0.16). Advanced eAlerts may provide sustained efficacy over time, with stable rates of thromboprophylaxis orders among hospitalised medical patients.

Influence of hemostatic agents upon the outcome of periapical surgery: dressings with anesthetic and vasoconstrictor or aluminum chloride

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of different hemostatic agents upon the outcome of periapical surgery. DESIGN A retrospective study was made of patients subjected to periapical surgery between 2006-2009 with the ultrasound technique and using MTA as retrograde filler material. We included patients with a minimum follow-up of 12 months, divided into two groups according to the hemostatic agent used: A) dressings impregnated in anesthetic solution with adrenalin; or B) aluminum chloride paste (Expasyl). Radiological controls were made after 6 and 12 months, and on the last visit. The global evolution scale proposed by von Arx and Kurt (1999) was used to establish the outcome of periapical surgery. RESULTS A total of 96 patients (42 males and 54 females) with a mean age of 40.7 years were included. There were 50 patients in the aluminum chloride group and 46 patients in the anesthetic solution with vasoconstrictor group. No significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of outcome after 12 months - the success rate being 58.6% and 61.7% in the anesthetic solution with vasoconstrictor and aluminum chloride groups, respectively (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION The outcome after 12 months of follow-up was better in the aluminum chloride group than in the anesthetic solution with vasoconstrictor group, though the difference was not significant.

Introduction of a New Policy of no Nighttime Appendectomies: Impact on Appendiceal Perforation Rates and Postoperative Morbidity

Background Working hour limitations and tight health care budgets have posed significant challenges to emergency surgical services. Since 1 January 2010, surgical interventions at Berne University Hospital between 23:00 and 08:00 h have been restricted to patients with an expected serious adverse outcome if not operated on within 6 h. This study was designed to assess the safety of this new policy that restricts nighttime appendectomies (AEs). Methods The patients that underwent AE from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2011 (“2010-2011 group”) were compared retrospectively with patients that underwent AE before introduction of the new policy (1 January 2006–31 December 2009; “2006-2009 group”). Results Overall, 390 patients were analyzed. There were 255 patients in the 2006–2009 group and 135 patients in the 2010–2011 group. Patients’ demographics did not differ statistically between the two study groups; however, 45.9 % of the 2006–2009 group and 18.5 % of the 2010–2011 group were operated between 23:00 and 08:00 h (p < 0.001). The rates of appendiceal perforations and surgical site infections did not differ statistically between the 2006–2009 group and the 2010–2011 group (20 vs. 18.5 %, p = 0.725 and 2 vs. 0 %, p = 0.102). Additionally, no difference was found for the hospital length of stay (3.9 ± 7.4 vs. 3.4 ± 6.0 days, p = 0.586). However, the proportion of patients with an in-hospital delay of >12 h was significantly greater in the 2010–2011 group than in the 2006–2009 group [55.6 vs. 43.5 %, p = 0.024, odds ratio (95 % confidence interval 1.62 (1.1–2.47)]. Conclusions Restricting AEs from 23:00 to 08:00 h does not increase the perforation rates and occurrence of clinical outcomes. Therefore, these results suggest that appendicitis may be managed safely in a semielective manner.

A comparison of healthcare access, healthcare utilization and asthma self-management for Hispanic children in border and non-border regions of Texas

The purpose of this culminating experience was to investigate the relationships between healthcare utilization, insurance coverage, and socioeconomic characteristics of children with asthma along the Texas-Mexico Border. A secondary data analysis was conducted on cross-sectional data from the Texas Child Asthma Call-back Survey, a follow-up survey to the random digit dialed Behavior Risk Factor Surveillance Study (BRFSS) conducted between 2006-2009 ( n = 556 adults living in households with a child with asthma).^ The proportion of Hispanic children with asthma in Border areas of Texas was more than twice that of non-Border areas (84.8% vs. 28.8%). Parents in Border areas were less likely to have their own health insurance (OR = 0.251, 95% C.I. = 0.117-0.540) and less likely to complete the survey in English than Spanish (OR = 0.251 95% C.I. = 0.117-0.540) than parents in non-Border areas. No significant socio-economic or health care utilization differences were noted between Hispanic children living in Border areas compared to Hispanic children living in non-Border areas. Children with asthma along the Texas-Mexico Border, regardless of ethnicity and language, have insurance coverage rates, reported cost barriers to care, symptom management, and medication usage patterns similar to those in non-Border areas. When compared to English-speakers, Spanish-speaking parents in Texas as a whole are far less likely to be taught what to do during an asthma attack (50.2% vs. 78.6%).^ Language preference, rather than ethnicity or geographical residence, played a larger role on childhood asthma-related health disparities for children in Texas. Spanish-speaking parents in are less likely to receive adequate asthma self-management education. Investigating the effects of Hispanic acculturation rates and incongruent parent-child health insurance coverage may provide better insight into the health disparities of children along the Texas-Mexico Border.^

Estrategias de designación y denominación de Sarmiento como "contrafigura" en las cartas Quillotanas, de Alberdi : Acerca de las frases nominales con determinante posesivo

Esta comunicación tiene como propósito analizar la función de las frases nominales con determinante posesivo en la cadena de designación y denominación empleada por Alberdi en sus Cartas quillotanas para modelar el sujeto Sarmiento, como "contrafigura". En el universo textual/ discursivo, esta cadena es instalada por sintagmas nominales definidos, dispositivos altamente productivos en el corpus en tanto que funcionan como expresiones referenciales, codifican información conceptual que, con su frecuencia de uso, vuelve más accesible y prominente (Stanford y Garrod, 1981; Givón, 1983, 1992; Ariel 1990, 1996) la identidad designada, y reidentifican la representación mental del referente, a partir del propio contenido descriptivo de los nominales definidos, abriéndolo a nuevas categorizaciones (Koch, 2002) que lo figurativizan como "contrafigura". En este marco, se propone que: 1) la utilización de construcciones posesivas iconiza la accesibilidad y persistencia referencial del poseedor por la semántica del determinante posesivo (Company Company, 2006, 2009), y por el contenido descriptivo de la expresión posesiva, que contribuye a la reactivación mental del poseedor al volver sobre la carga informativa codificada e instalada como "rutina cognitiva" por los empleos referenciales de los nominales definidos (Givón, 1992); 2) tales construcciones introducen características inherentes del poseedor (Tobin, 1995; Company Company, 2006, 2009), que refuerzan los dominios cognitivos en los que ha sido inscripto el destinatario, y, por lo tanto, el efecto de polemicidad

Evaluación de factores psicosociales en el trabajo de la construcción : Avances y dificultades en la aplicación metodológica

El presente trabajo propone difundir los resultados alcanzados por el PID (2006 - 2009) "Contribución del sistema de control de factores psicosociales a la optimización de la organización de obras de construcción", hoy en avances de evaluación (2012 - 2014) "... hacia una diversidad de sistemas productivos", con presunción de problemas derivados de estrés laboral. El efecto estrés resulta determinante de fenómenos que sitúan al hecho del trabajo en el núcleo de sus paradigmas y plantea observar las condiciones del ambiente laboral desde el resguardo del recurso humano. La aplicación del Método CoPsoQ- Cuestionario Psicosocial de Copenhague, ha permitido verificar el correlato entre las ciencias aplicadas, médicas y sociales, en la definición de esta variable compleja con origen en la organización del trabajo y cuyos daños deben ser prevenidos y corregidos de forma ajustada a ley. Frente a factores psicosociales que comprometen la salud de los trabajadores, resulta clave investigar probables desvíos en los resultados del Método CoPsoQ ante efectos exógenos tales como la contracción laboral. Puesto que la misma puede incrementar tensiones al estrés derivado del trabajo, resulta indispensable reprogramar el proceso de evaluación para no comprometer la representatividad de las muestras que inhiban las metas propuestas por la investigación

Estrategias de designación y denominación de Sarmiento como "contrafigura" en las cartas Quillotanas, de Alberdi : Acerca de las frases nominales con determinante posesivo

Esta comunicación tiene como propósito analizar la función de las frases nominales con determinante posesivo en la cadena de designación y denominación empleada por Alberdi en sus Cartas quillotanas para modelar el sujeto Sarmiento, como "contrafigura". En el universo textual/ discursivo, esta cadena es instalada por sintagmas nominales definidos, dispositivos altamente productivos en el corpus en tanto que funcionan como expresiones referenciales, codifican información conceptual que, con su frecuencia de uso, vuelve más accesible y prominente (Stanford y Garrod, 1981; Givón, 1983, 1992; Ariel 1990, 1996) la identidad designada, y reidentifican la representación mental del referente, a partir del propio contenido descriptivo de los nominales definidos, abriéndolo a nuevas categorizaciones (Koch, 2002) que lo figurativizan como "contrafigura". En este marco, se propone que: 1) la utilización de construcciones posesivas iconiza la accesibilidad y persistencia referencial del poseedor por la semántica del determinante posesivo (Company Company, 2006, 2009), y por el contenido descriptivo de la expresión posesiva, que contribuye a la reactivación mental del poseedor al volver sobre la carga informativa codificada e instalada como "rutina cognitiva" por los empleos referenciales de los nominales definidos (Givón, 1992); 2) tales construcciones introducen características inherentes del poseedor (Tobin, 1995; Company Company, 2006, 2009), que refuerzan los dominios cognitivos en los que ha sido inscripto el destinatario, y, por lo tanto, el efecto de polemicidad