Energy requirements for maintenance and growth of Caninde goat kids

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Caracterização estrutural do Lineamento de Piúma e sua influência na porção norte da Bacia de Campos

The detailed study of the Brazilian continental margin basins became possible with the advancement of geophysical tools, with emphasis on seismic reflection. Characterizing the structural and stratigraphic elements of Brazil’s marginal basins they realized that there was a relationship with structures present on the adjacent continental basement. So many works began to be made to understand this relationship and know the major factors that influenced the evolution of the continental margin. The study area of this work includes the northern portion of the Campos Basin and the continental outcropping adjacent areas, which corresponds to the northern of Rio de Janeiro state and the southern of Espirito Santo state. This area stands an important structural feature of NW-SE direction with a projection to the Campos Basin called Lineamento de Piúma. The outcropping basement rocks belongs to the Ribeira Belt which was bonded to other mobile bands forming the continent Western Gondwana during the Brasiliano Cycle, which later fragmented giving rise to the Atlantic Ocean. The opening of the ocean results on the formation of the marginal basins of Brazil. These basins have continental, transitional and marine facies. On Campos Basin the continental phase resulted on the formation of horsts and grabens bounded by synthetic and antithetic faults. Continuing rifting formed the saline lakes that deposited siliciclastic and carbonate sediments. The transitional phase resulted on thick packages consist of evaporites (halite and anhydrite) that was deposited in lagoon environment, tectonically quiet arid and semi-arid. The marine phase it deposited siliciclastic and carbonate in the Campos Basin resulting in shales, marls, limestones, ritmito, turbidites, sandstones and others. The objective of this study is to investigate the possible continuation... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Entre bois e cabras: uma visão histórica sobre mentalidades e valores nos sertões

A culture of resistance in the semi-arid, expressed by mentalities and values, goes against the economic potential of sheep and goat raising, considered as an inferior activity when compared to the cattle raising, historically linked to social status and prestige. This paper attempts to shed light on aspects that make possible to clarify the roots of the cognitive apparatus that supports this view, resorting to it to the production of relevant authors dealing with the issue of displacement of colonizer and livestock in the hinterlands. Ultimately, it seeks evidence of the influence of the historical process of economic and social organization of space on the present.

Carrying progeny on the back: reproduction in the Brazilian aquatic frog Pipa carvalhoi

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Diversidade de algas verdes em crostas biológicas de solo do cerrado

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Estresse salino em plantas jovens de cana-deaçúcar: respostas bioquímicas e fisiológicas

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Caracterização morfológica e divergência genética em acessos de meloeiro

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Genética e Melhoramento de Plantas) - FCAV

Infecção por strigea falconis em buteo magnirostris no Brasil

Background: Buteo magnirostris, popularly known as roadside hawk belongs to the family Accipitridae, Ciconiiformes. The specimen is common throughout Brazil inhabiting open areas, tolerating disturbed areas very well, but avoiding dense forests. The trematodes are common parasites in the intestines of birds of prey, with scant notice of pathogenic infections. However, severe infections of trematodes Strigeidae family have been previously reported as a cause of anemia, diarrhea, enteritis, weight loss and death. This paper aims to report the occurrence of infection in S. Falconis in B. magnirostris diagnosed by post mortem examination. Case: The specimen of B. magnirostris, male, young was sent for necropsy at the Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Federal Rural University of Semi-Arid (UFERSA), Mossoró-RN, Brazil. With a history of apathy, anorexia, diarrhea and death in one course of 24 h. The free bird life and even puppy had been captured for training and practice of falconry shortly before the clinical manifestation of infection (time of captivity uninformed). On physical examination ruffled feathers, cachexia and pallor of skeletal muscle was observed. At necropsy there was severe enteritis with petechiae and accumulation of liquid contents into the duodenum. Fifty-two trematodes were found set in duodenal mucosa. The other organs and structures showed no changes. Fragments of all organs were harvested, fixed in 10% formalin buffered, routinely processed for histopathology and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE). Parasites were carefully collected, washed in saline, fixed, processed and identified according to the morphology and taxonomy. Histologically, the lesions were restricted to the duodenum and were characterized by melting, severe atrophy and necrosis of the epithelial cells of the intestinal villi; inflammatory infiltrate (consisting of lymphocytes, plasma cells and eosinophils) in the lamina propria, in addition to trematodes infiltrated the mucosa and lamina propria. These were 60-80 mm in diameter, consisted of parenchymal body enclosed by the integument. In some cross sections of the parasite was possible to observe the presence of cecum, testis and uterus, with some variations between sections; there were also yellowish eggs and coated with a delicate membrane. The trematodes contain approximately 1 mm in length and used as morphology and taxonomy has been identified as S. Falconis. Discussion: S. Falconis is a trematode intestinal parasite of birds of prey, with reports of its occurrence in Europe, North America and Central. In neotropical regions is described the occurrence of the subspecies S. Falconis brasiliana. Although the absence of clinical signs is a common pattern, parasitism by trematodes may become evident, common to captivity stress conditions, and thus infections, even for low pathogenic parasites can cause diarrhea, anorexia, weight loss and death, as reported in this paper. A factor that possibly contributed to the scant notice is its small size, which makes the observation of this parasite in analysis of necropsy in non-pathological conditions and also not familiar with the technical laboratories in the morphological shape of the eggs, which creates difficulty in finding the parasite in parasitological analysis in captive animals. Despite being considered poorly pathogenic trematodes, epidemiologically, the presence of the parasite should be considered a health risk to free-living predators, newly captive in parks, zoos, veterinary hospitals, triage center for wildlife and creators, as they may express pathogenicity in immunosuppressed animals. This work contributes to recording the presence S. falconis parasitizing the duodenal mucosa of B. magnirostris in Brazil.

Consumo de combustível de um trator agrícola em função do tipo de soloe da pressão de inflação nos pneus utilizando o equipamento canteirador

Agricultural mechanization improved the efficiency of field operations by providing an increase in crop production. The intensified mechanization, however, has led to higher energy use mainly in the area of fuel consumption. The objective of this study was to compare the fuel consumption of tractors using two different tire pressures for two different types of soil during tillage with irrigated cotton in semi-arid regions. These tests were performed at the Maricopa Agricultural Center (MAC), an experimental farm belonging to The University of Arizona with a Case 4x2 TDA 88kW equipped with an autopilot system. The results showed lower fuel consumption using a tire pressure of 124 kPa on sandy clay loan soil.

Fisiologia, qualidade e produtividade da videira cv Syrah em diferentes estratégias de irrigação no semiárido

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Proteção de Plantas) - FCA

Oscilações climáticas Plio-Pleistocênicas e sua influência na prospecção de ouro na área do garimpo do Manelão (PA)

No garimpo do Manelão, o ouro está associado a veios de quartzo encaixados na seqüência metavulcano-sedimentar São Manoel. No período Plio-Pleistoceno, sob um clima úmido, desenvolveu-se sobre a seqüência São Manoel uma cobertura laterítica autóctone e imatura. Essa cobertura residual contém partículas de ouro com elevada pureza, sugerindo processos de lixiviação da liga Au-Ag ou de remobilização e redeposição do Au em ambiente laterítico. Durante o Pleistoceno, o clima tornou-se árido a semi-árido, favorecendo a erosão parcial da cobertura laterítica, através dos processos coluviais associados a enxurradas periódicas. Esse depósito coluvial recobre o perfíl laterítico, destruindo um possível padrão de dispersão geoquímica do ouro supergênico e prejudicando a prospecção geoquímica de superfície. No final do Pleistoceno e início do Holoceno, o clima úmido retorna, juntamente com os processos de intemperismo, formando stone line e latossolos. As coberturas laterítica e coluvial serviram de área-fonte para os aluviões atuais a subatuais do igarapé São Manoel, onde o ouro ocorre livre nos estratos sedimentares mais basais, formando concentrações da ordem de 10 g/ton.

Fisiologia, qualidade e produtividade da videira cv Syrah em diferentes estratégias de irrigação no semiárido

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Proteção de Plantas) - FCA

Comparative analysis of rating curve and ADP estimates of instantaneous water discharge through estuaries in two contrasting Brazilian rivers

This work quantifies, using ADP and rating curve techniques, the instantaneous outflows at estuarine interfaces: higher to middle estuary and middle to lower estuary, in two medium-sized watersheds (72 000 and 66 000 km(2) of area, respectively), the Jaguaribe and Contas Rivers located in the northeastern (semi-arid) and eastern (tropical humid) Brazilian coasts, respectively. Results from ADP showed that the net water balances show the Contas River as a net water exporter, whereas the Jaguaribe River Estuary is a net water importer. At the Jaguaribe Estuary, water retention during flood tide contributes to 58% of the total volume transferred during the ebb tide from the middle to lower estuary. However, 42% of the total water volume (452 m(3) s(-1)) that entered during flood tide is retained in the middle estuary. In the Contas River, 90% of the total water is retained during the flood tide contributing to the volume transported in the ebb tide from the middle to the lower estuary. Outflows obtained with the rating curve method for the Contas and Jaguaribe Rivers were uniform through time due to river flow normalization by dams in both basins. Estimated outflows with this method are about 65% (Contas) and 95% (Jaguaribe) lower compared to outflows obtained with ADP. This suggests that the outflows obtained with the rating curve method underestimate the net water balance in both systems, particularly in the Jaguaribe River under a semi-arid climate. This underestimation is somewhat decreased due to wetter conditions in the Contas River basin. Copyright. (C) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Flexible and conservative features of social systems in tufted capuchin monkeys: comparing the socioecology of Sapajus libidinosus and Sapajus nigritus

Socioecological models assume that primates adapt their social behavior to ecological conditions, and predict that food availability and distribution, predation risk and risk of infanticide by males affect patterns of social organization, social structure and mating system of primates. However, adaptability and variation of social behavior may be constrained by conservative adaptations and by phylogenetic inertia. The comparative study of closely related species can help to identify the relative contribution of ecological and of genetic determinants to primate social systems. We compared ecological features and social behavior of two species of the genus Sapajus, S. nigritus in Carlos Botelho State Park, an area of Atlantic Forest in Sao Paulo state, and S. libidinosus in Fazenda Boa Vista, a semi-arid habitat in Piaui state, Brazil. S. libidinosus perceived higher predation risk and fed on clumped, high quality, and usurpable resources (fruits) all year round, whereas S. nigritus perceived lower predation risk and relied on evenly distributed, low-quality food sources (leaves) during periods of fruit shortage. As predicted by socioecology models, S. libidinosus females were philopatric and established linear and stable dominance hierarchies, coalitions, and grooming relationships. S. nigritus females competed less often, and could transfer between groups, which might explain the lack of coalitions and grooming bonds among them. Both populations presented similar group size and composition and the same polygynous mating system. The species differed from each other in accordance with differences in the characteristics of their main food sources, as predicted by socioecological models, suggesting that phylogenetic inertia does not constrain social relationships established among female Sapajus. The similarity in mating systems indicates that this element of the social system is not affected by ecological variables and thus, is a more conservative behavioral feature of the genus Sapajus. Am. J. Primatol. 74:315331, 2012. (c) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

The First Occurrence in the Fossil Record of an Aquatic Avian Twig-Nest with Phoenicopteriformes Eggs: Evolutionary Implications

Background: We describe the first occurrence in the fossil record of an aquatic avian twig-nest with five eggs in situ (Early Miocene Tudela Formation, Ebro Basin, Spain). Extensive outcrops of this formation reveal autochthonous avian osteological and oological fossils that represent a single taxon identified as a basal phoenicopterid. Although the eggshell structure is definitively phoenicopterid, the characteristics of both the nest and the eggs are similar to those of modern grebes. These observations allow us to address the origin of the disparities between the sister taxa Podicipedidae and Phoenicopteridae crown clades, and traces the evolution of the nesting and reproductive environments for phoenicopteriforms. Methodology/Principal Findings: Multi-disciplinary analyses performed on fossilized vegetation and eggshells from the eggs in the nest and its embedding sediments indicate that this new phoenicopterid thrived under a semi-arid climate in an oligohaline (seasonally mesohaline) shallow endorheic lacustine environment. High-end microcharacterizations including SEM, TEM, and EBSD techniques were pivotal to identifying these phoenicopterid eggshells. Anatomical comparisons of the fossil bones with those of Phoenicopteriformes and Podicipediformes crown clades and extinct palaelodids confirm that this avian fossil assemblage belongs to a new and basal phoenicopterid. Conclusions/Significance: Although the Podicipediformes-Phoenicopteriformes sister group relationship is now well supported, flamingos and grebes exhibit feeding, reproductive, and nesting strategies that diverge significantly. Our multi-disciplinary study is the first to reveal that the phoenicopteriform reproductive behaviour, nesting ecology and nest characteristics derived from grebe-like type strategies to reach the extremely specialized conditions observed in modern flamingo crown groups. Furthermore, our study enables us to map ecological and reproductive characters on the Phoenicopteriformes evolutionary lineage. Our results demonstrate that the nesting paleoenvironments of flamingos were closely linked to the unique ecology of this locality, which is a direct result of special climatic (high evaporitic regime) and geological (fault system) conditions.