The influence of pre-departure training on expatriate adjustment: an empirical investigation with portuguese international assignees

This chapter examines the cross-cultural influence of training on the adjustment of international assignees. We focus on the pre-departure training (PDT) before an international assignment. It is an important topic because in the globalized world of today more and more expatriations are needed. The absence of PDT may generate the failure of the expatriation experience. Companies may neglect PDT due to cost reduction practices and ignorance of the need for it. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews to 42 Portuguese international assignees and 18 organizational representatives from nine Portuguese companies. The results suggest that companies should develop PDT programs, particularly when the cultural distance to the host country is bigger and when there is no previous experience of expatriation to that country in the company. The study is original because it details in depth the methods of PDT, its problems, and consequences. Some limitations linked to the research design and detailed in the conclusion should be overcome in future studies.

O impacto dos factores humanos na segurança em cuidados de saúde : contribuição para uma revisão da literatura

RESUMO - A segurança dos doentes é, actualmente, um princípio fundamental dos cuidados de saúde. Apesar desta realidade, cada ponto no processo de prestação de cuidados contém um certo grau de insegurança inerente. Os eventos adversos podem resultar de problemas na prática, produtos, processos ou sistemas. A melhoria da segurança do doente implica um esforço de todo um sistema complexo, envolvendo uma ampla gama de acções de melhoria do desempenho, segurança e gestão ambiental de risco, incluindo, entre outras prioridades, a prática de cuidados de saúde em ambiente seguro e com a melhor qualidade. É sabido que todos os anos morrem nos hospitais portugueses, cerca de três mil pessoas, devido a erros cometidos pelos profissionais de saúde. Compreender o erro humano e intervir de forma adequada nas suas causas, implica, muito mais que uma avaliação do facto em si, mas uma avaliação de toda a estrutura onde é passível de ocorrer um erro. São inúmeros os factores que estão relacionados com esta temática, sendo os factores humanos, aqueles que poderão merecer alguma reflexão, pois são ainda algo omitidos nas orientações de gestão e nas considerações de chefias. Assim sendo, pretende-se que, com este projecto de investigação, através de uma revisão da literatura, sejam identificados os vários factores humanos que influenciam o desempenho dos profissionais de saúde, envolvidos na prestação directa de cuidados. Estes factores reflectem-se na segurança dos cuidados de saúde e na melhoria da qualidade prestados nas instituições de saúde. Face aos resultados conclusivos após a revisão de literatura, é verificado que os factores humanos que influenciam o desempenho dos profissionais de saúde são: comunicação e partilha de informação; conhecimento e formação; liderança; trabalho em equipa; cultura de segurança e aprendizagem; carga de trabalho; exigências físicas e ambiente de trabalho. É esperado que o contributo deste trabalho promova o conhecimento em torno desta temática e que se apresente como o início de uma aposta na valorização, cada vez mais importante, mas ainda limitada, destes valores intangíveis da gestão – os factores humanos. ----------------------------------- ABSTRACT - Patient safety is, nowadays, a fundamental principle of health care. Despite this fact, each point in the process of care contains an inherent degree of uncertainty. Adverse events may result from problems in practice, products, processes or systems. Improving patient safety requires an effort of a whole complex system, involving a wide range of measures to improve performance, safety and environmental risk management, including, among other priorities, the practice of health care in a safe environment and the best quality. It is known that every year die, in Portuguese hospitals, around three thousand people, due to mistakes made by health professionals. To understand human error and intervene as appropriate in their causes, it is required much more than an assessment of the fact itself, but an assessment of the whole structure where it is likely to occur. There are countless factors that are related to this issue, but human factors, those who may deserve some consideration, are still left out in management guidelines and supervisors considerations. Therefore, this research project seeks to determine, through a literature review, the identification of various human factors that influence the performance of healthcare providers involved in direct provision of care. The aim is also to know which factors are reflected in safety healthcare and how they are, in fact, crucial in the performance of professionals and in the promotion of quality and safety of the healthcare provided in healthcare institutions. Given the conclusive results after a review of literature, it is found that the human factors that influence the performance of health professionals are: communicating and sharing information, knowledge and training, leadership, teamwork, safety culture and learning; workload, physical demands and work environment. It is expected that this project may contribute to advance of the knowledge regarding this problem and be an essential tool to the beginning of a reliance on the development, increasingly important but still limited, of these intangibles management values – the human factors.

Multilayer Perceptron Neural Networks Training Through Charged System Search and its Application for Non-Technical Losses Detection

The non-technical loss is not a problem with trivial solution or regional character and its minimization represents the guarantee of investments in product quality and maintenance of power systems, introduced by a competitive environment after the period of privatization in the national scene. In this paper, we show how to improve the training phase of a neural network-based classifier using a recently proposed meta-heuristic technique called Charged System Search, which is based on the interactions between electrically charged particles. The experiments were carried out in the context of non-technical loss in power distribution systems in a dataset obtained from a Brazilian electrical power company, and have demonstrated the robustness of the proposed technique against with several others natureinspired optimization techniques for training neural networks. Thus, it is possible to improve some applications on Smart Grids.

Environmental management and mudit training at the New University of Lisbon by University-Industry co-operation

Environmental Training in Engineering Education (ENTREE 2001) - integrated green policies: progress for progress, p. 329-339 (Florence, 14-17 November 2001; proceedings published as book)

Environmental impact assessment in higher education and training in Portugal

Journal of Cleaner Production, nº 16, p. 639-645

Customisable e-training programmes based on trainees profiles

Dissertation presented at Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia of Universidade Nova de Lisboa to obtain the Master degree in Electrical and Computer Engineering

Safety climate and its relationship with furniture companies’ safety performance and workers’ risk acceptance

This study aims to analyse the relationship between safety climate and the level of risk acceptance, as well as its relationship with workplace safety performance. The sample includes 14 companies and 403 workers. The safety climate assessment was performed by the application of a Safety Climate in Wood Industries questionnaire and safety performance was assessed with a checklist. Judgements about risk acceptance were measured through questionnaires together with four other variables: trust, risk perception, benefit perception and emotion. Safety climate was found to be correlated with workgroup safety performance, and it also plays an important role in workers’ risk acceptance levels. Risk acceptance tends to be lower when safety climate scores of workgroups are high, and subsequently, their safety performance is better. These findings seem to be relevant, as they provide Occupational, Safety and Health practitioners with a better understanding of workers’ risk acceptance levels and of the differences among workgroups.

Safety and immunogenicity of hepatitis B vaccine ButaNG in adults

Recombinant yeast-derived hepatitis B vaccine manufactured by Instituto Butantan was administered in two groups of adult volunteers (I, II) following two different schedules of immunization. In the first trial (10 mg doses and 0, 1, 3 months vaccination schedule) 106 individuals completed the full immunization program. The results of seroconversion by age group varied from 70 to 100% and the GMT from 46.5 to 124.9 mIU mL-1. In the second trial with 68 individuals (for dosage comparison and 0, 1, 6 months vaccination schedule) indicated that the vaccine formulated in 20 mg was more effective than in 10 mg. The adverse reactions observed in the vaccinees were less frequent than the ones previously found since the introduction of similar vaccines.

Avaliação das práticas de Segurança Alimentar em Mercados Municipais

Dissertação de Mestrado em Gestão Integrada da Qualidade, Ambiente e Segurança

Sistema de Gestão Integrado da Qualidade e Segurança do trabalho numa IPSS

Dissertação de Mestrado em Gestão Integrada da Qualidade, Ambiente e Segurança

Gestão de Obras: Aplicação prática em ambiente empresarial

O presente Relatório de estágio enquadra-se no âmbito da disciplina de Dissertação / Projeto / Estágio, do Curso de Mestrado em Engenharia Civil, do Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto subordinado ao tema “Gestão de Obras: Aplicação prática em ambiente empresarial”. O estágio foi realizado na empresa NEGRO S.A., empresa que atua no mercado Francês, no sector da construção civil no âmbito de obras públicas e privadas. Foi com grande satisfação que o estagiário abraçou esta oportunidade de poder realizar um estágio neste setor da engenharia civil, integrando uma equipa de trabalho com uma ampla experiência no mercado. Foi igualmente gratificante poder aplicar os conhecimentos adquiridos ao longo do curso e enriquecedor adquirir novas competências, através da resolução das dificuldades ocorridas no dia-a-dia durante o estágio. Considera-se assim esta experiencia como uma mais-valia para ingressar com êxito na futura vida profissional. Este documento descreve essencialmente as tarefas realizadas ao longo do estágio. Estas tarefas foram executadas recorrendo aos conhecimentos adquiridos durante a formação académica, nomeadamente no que se refere a planeamento, qualidade, gestão de obra e segurança e saúde no trabalho e com finalidade de alcançar os seguintes objetivos: - Proporcionar a integração do aluno no ambiente empresarial, realizando as atividades planeadas; - Propiciar a aplicação dos conhecimentos e competências adquiridas ao longo do curso, utilizando os casos reais durante o estágio; - Resolver problemas concretos de engenharia civil em meio profissional e empresarial; - Proceder a recolha de informação com vista a resolução dos problemas que surgem ao longo do estágio; - Analisar as situações que surgem durante a realização do estágio, estabelecendo conclusões; - Desenvolver metodologias aplicáveis no contexto do estágio; - Recolher dados e interpretar os mesmos no contexto do estágio; - Estabelecer conclusões sobre as experiências vividas durante o estágio; - Analisar o impacto do trabalho realizado na instituição de acolhimento.

Is There Sufficient Training of Health Care Staff on Noise Reduction in Neonatal Intensive Care Units? a Pilot Study From NeoNoise Project

Evidence indicates that exposure to high levels of noise adversely affects human health, and these effects are dependent upon various factors. In hospitals, there are many sources of noise, and high levels exert an impact on patients and staff, increasing both recovery time and stress, respectively. The goal of this pilot study was to develop, implement and evaluate the effectiveness of a training program (TP) on noise reduction in a Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU) by comparing the noise levels before and after the implementation of the program. A total of 79 health professionals participated in the study. The measurements of sound pressure levels took into account the layout of the unit and location of the main sources of noise. General results indicated that LAeq levels before implementation of the training program were often excessive, ranging from 48.7 ± 2.94 dBA to 71.7 ± 4.74 dBA, exceeding international guidelines. Similarly following implementation of the training program noise levels remained unchanged (54.5 ± 0.49 dBA to 63.9 ± 4.37 dBA), despite a decrease in some locations. There was no significant difference before and after the implementation of TP. However a significant difference was found for Lp, Cpeak, before and after training staff, suggesting greater care by healthcare professionals performing their tasks. Even recognizing that a TP is quite important to change behaviors, this needs to be considered in a broader context to effectively control noise in the NICU.

The patient safety journey in Portugal : challenges and opportunities from a public health perspective

ABSTRACT - Despite improvements in healthcare interventions, the incidence of adverse events and other patient safety problems constitutes a major contributor to the global burden of diseases and a concern for Public Health. In the last years there have been some successful individual and institutional efforts to approach patient safety issues in Portugal, unless such effort has been fragmented or focused on specific small areas. Long-term and global improvement has remained elusive, and most of all the improvement of patient safety in Portugal, must evaluate not only the efficacy of a change but also what was effective for implementing the change. Clearly, patient safety issues result from various combinations of individual, team, organization, system and patient factors. A systemic and integrated approach to promote patient safety must acknowledge and strive to understand the complexity of work systems and processes in health care, including the interactions between people, technology, and the environment. Safety errors cannot be productively attributed to a single human error. Our objective with this paper is to provide a brief overview of the status quo in patient safety in Portugal, highlighting key aspects that should be taken into account in the design of a strategy for improving patient safety. With these key aspects in mind, policy makers and implementers can move forward and make better decisions about which changes should be made and about the way the needed changes to improve patient safety should be implemented. The contribution of colleagues that are international leaders on healthcare quality and patient safety may also contribute to more innovative research methods needed to create the knowledge that promotes less costly successful changes.---- ---------------------- RESUMO – As questões relacionadas com a Segurança do Doente, e em particular, com a ocorrência de eventos adversos tem constituído, de há uns tempos a esta parte, uma crescente preocupação para as organizações de saúde, para os decisores políticos, para os profissionais de saúde e para os doentes/utentes e suas famílias, sendo por isso considerado um problema de Saúde Pública a que urge dar resposta. Em Portugal, nos últimos anos, têm sido desenvolvidos esforços baseados, maioritariamente, em iniciativas isoladas, para abordar os aspectos da Segurança do Doente. O facto de essas iniciativas não serem integradas numa estratégia explícita e de dimensão regional ou nacional, faz com que os resultados sejam parcelares e tenham visibilidade reduzida. Paralelamente, a melhoria da qualidade dos cuidados de saúde (a longo prazo) resultante dessas iniciativas tem sido esparsa e nem sempre a avaliação tem sido feita tendo em conta critérios de efectividade e de eficiência. A Segurança do Doente resulta da interacção de diversos factores relacionados, por um lado, com o doente e, por outro, com a prestação de cuidados que envolvem elementos de natureza individual (falhas activas) e organizacional/estrutural (falhas latentes). Devido à multifactorialidade que está na base de «problemas/falhas» na Segurança do Doente, qualquer abordagem a considerar deve ser sistémica e integrada. Simultaneamente, tais abordagens devem contemplar a compreensão da complexidade dos sistemas e dos processos de prestação de cuidados de saúde e as suas interdependências (envolvendo aspectos individuais, tecnológicos e ambientais). O presente trabalho tem por objectivo reflectir sobre o «estado da arte» da Segurança do Doente em Portugal, destacando os elementos-chave que se consideram decisivos para uma estratégia de acção nesse domínio. Com esses elementos os responsáveis pela governação da saúde poderão valorizar os aspectos que consideram decisivos para uma política de Segurança do Doente mais eficaz. A contribuição de quatro colegas internacionalmente reconhecidos como líderes na área da Qualidade em Saúde e da Segurança do Doente, constitui, por certo, uma oportunidade ímpar para a identificação e discussão de alguns dos principais desafios, ameaças e oportunidades que s

Effects of dual-task training on balance and executive functions in Parkinson's disease: A pilot study

The aim of this study was to analyze the efficacy of cognitive-motor dual-task training compared with single-task training on balance and executive functions in individuals with Parkinson's disease. Fifteen subjects, aged between 39 and 75 years old, were randomly assigned to the dual-task training group (n = 8) and single-task training group (n = 7). The training was run twice a week for 6 weeks. The single-task group received balance training and the dual-task group performed cognitive tasks simultaneously with the balance training. There were no significant differences between the two groups at baseline. After the intervention, the results for mediolateral sway with eyes closed were significantly better for the dual-task group and anteroposterior sway with eyes closed was significantly better for the single-task group. The results suggest superior outcomes for the dual-task training compared to the single-task training for static postural control, except in anteroposterior sway with eyes closed.