846 resultados para Reprodução do espaço urbano


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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

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Dissertação de Mestrado para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Arquitectura com especialização em Planeamento Urbano e Gestão Territorial, apresentada na Faculdade de Arquitectura da Universidade Técnica de Lisboa.

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This dissertation is an attempt to understand how families with an income of up to three minimum wages and living in different Areas of Demographic Expansion (AEDs) of Natal municipality specifically in the districts of Igapó and Salinas (North Administrative Zone of the city), Ponta Negra (South Administrative Zone), Santos Reis, Praia do Meio, Areia Preta and Mãe Luíza (East Administrative Zone) and Felipe Camarão (West Administrative Zone) solve their problems of urban mobility. It is, therefore, a reflection upon the mobility needs of poor urban households as expressed in terms of origin-destiny displacements for specific movements (house-work, house-school, house-shopping, house-healthcare and house-leisure), all of which being analyzed within the relationship between public transportation and poverty spaces of the city. In order to develop the study, theoretical aspects and themes related to the production of the urban space, to social and spatial segregation, to urban mobility and to transportation were confronted with the collected data referring to the urban population previously selected. One of the research main findings is the crucial role mobility plays in the social differentiation of such people living in Natal and that any policy for the improvement of their living conditions must take mobility issues into account

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The career of civil engineer Henrique de Novaes, a remarkable figure in the academic, technical and political fields, demonstrates its extensive and relevant work across Brazil in the first half of the twentieth century. It covered from the design of water supply and sewage works, road and rail transport networks, works against drought in the Northeast, hydroelectric and harbor facilities to the urbanization planning and architectural projects, which displays a systematic and multiple production. City and territory conformed to his fields of verification, practical and above all, transformation. The search for understanding of the inclusion of a social actor in this process thus contributes to the specific analysis of the doings of Henrique de Novaes, who graduated at Polytechnic School of Rio de Janeiro in 1906. From a polymorphic activity in different scales, one tries to figure how, through academic education or professional practice, urban history in Brazil can be told or built. The introduction of technological innovations matched the purposes of planning and urban sprawl, as well as met the specifications of regulation and institutionalization of public infrastructure services at the time. The overall plans proposed by the engineer thought of the city as a whole, interconnected to the structural networks. At the same time, the knowledge of a larger physical scale the territory bounces back in the urban in a relationship of reciprocity and completeness. The objective research, therefore, tries to understand the roles played by Henrique de Novaes s works and academic education in the accomplishment of systematic modernization of Brazilian urban space and territory, recovering a little known historical figure by current historiography. It is proposed, as methodological axis, that the study of this professional career configures itself as an essential element for understanding the idea of progress embodied in the technical studies and proposals for improvements and sanitation nationwide in the first half of the twentieth century . The primary sources for the construction of this analysis were technical articles in journals of the period ( Clube de Engenharia , Viação e Revista Brasileira de Engenharia ), and technical reports, government messages, newspaper articles published at the time, autobiographical reports and the engineer s verbal communications with relatives. The work is structured in three chapters: "Biographical traces, academic education and 'technical and political' activities" illustrates the initiation into the technical, public and political environment; Chapter 2, "Technique and territory" outlines his network understanding through sanitation and transport services; Chapter 3 "Technique and City" describes the influence of polytechnics knowledge on the propositions of modernization of cities; Finally, "Final Thoughts: An Evaluation," presents an overview of the affiliations and practice of an engineer in the different scales, and its contribution to the modernization of Brazilian urban and territorial space

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Mestrado em Arquitetura Paisagista - Instituto Superior de Agronomia - UL

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Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Arquitectura com Especialização em Interiores, apresentada na Universidade de Lisboa - Faculdade de Arquitectura.

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Dissertação de Mestrado, Arquitetura Paisagista, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, 2016

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Dissertação de Mestrado, Arquitetura Paisagista, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, 2016

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INTRODUÇÂO: A presente dissertação decorre do trabalho elaborado no âmbito da disciplina de Projecto Avançado III desenvolvido durante o programa Erasmus na Technische Universitãt Dlesden, Alemanha em pareceria com a L’Université de Strasburg, França. O enunciado do exercício dado, intitulado Künstlerhaus\ tinha como premissa a elaboração de um projecto num proeminente quarteirão de esquina no bairro de AuBete Neustadt em Dresden. Pretendia-se a elaboração de uma estratégia que definisse o limite sudoeste do bairro através de um programa cultural, uma Kunstlemaus, residência de artistas, restaurante, zona de exposição, workshops e um auditório - relacionando o programa com a atmosfera artística e alternativa do bairro. A necessidade e entender as forças de estruturação desse bairro, com particularidades extremamente específicas do ponto de vista da interligação de espaços, leva ao estudo e análise de casos que, pela sua semelhança, possam ajudar a esclarecer e informar futuras decisões projectuais. Esta investigação, pelo interesse que foi acumulando, deixa de ser um simples suporte para o caso prático de Neustadt, mas antes uma base de interpretação desta realidade específica, útil e válida para qualquer caso prático em contexto similar. Contrariamente à estruturação inicial, esta investigação adquire maior relevância, no que diz respeito ao seu contributo, e apresenta-se como peça central deste trabalho. Assim, efectua-se uma divisão em dois capítulos: o primeiro denominado "Der Hinterhof- Investigação aplicável”; e o segundo "Caso prático: Aplicação em projecto". Este caso prático não tem a pretensão de ser paradigmático, mas antes uma possibilidade de utilização, ou forma de aplicação dos conceitos apreendidos na primeira instância - esclarecendo, por conseguinte, o sentido desta dissertação. Relativamente á escolha dos elementos a investigar, e de forma mais concreta, esta passou por identificar situações e operações que tivessem como base bairros com princípios urbanos similares dos de Neustadt, bem como características históricas e sociais também semelhantes. Nesse sentido, é analisado o caso da lnternationale Beuausstellung Berlin (IBA) de 1987, pelo tipo de abordagem, em rotura com a tida até então, no que diz respeito à recuperação de centros históricos; é ainda investigada a situação de Kreuzberg, Berlim, pelas suas semelhanças, ao nível do modelo, com AuBere Neustadt; e por fim, é analisado um caso prático - integrado nestes dois contextos (IBA e Kreuzberg)- realizado pelo Arquitecto Siza Vieira, com a intenção de entender a metodologia utilizada na aplicação dos principies pré-estabelecidos. "A cidade, tal como a realidade histórica, nunca é independente das etapas por que passou na sua evolução: é uma actualização dessas etapas e a sua projecção em direcção ao futuro" Berlim e Dresden, cidades do século XIX e XX, tiveram a sua (re)definição urbana na Revolução Industrial e Idade Contemporânea - ambas estas épocas cruciais para o desenvolvimento e reconstrução destas cidades, assim como para a formação de singularidades, nomeadamente a utilização especifica do espaço vazio do quarteirão na estrutura urbana destas cidades. Dresden procura, nos tempos actuais, reencontrar a sua identidade perdida após ter sido palco do maior massacre na II Guerra Mundial (1939-1945) e cobaia do regime da Deutsche Demokratische Republik (DDR). No entanto, uma pequena parcela da cidade manteve-se intacta desde a sua elementar constituição no século XVIII: Aubere Neustadt. Um bairro operário que, com o desenvolvimento histórico, social e político, viu os espaços vazios dos seus quarteirões, associados à rigidez do traçado urbano, serem transformados em concepções personalizadas pelos sobreviventes da guerra e por comunidades alternativas ligadas sobretudo ao mundo das artes. Esse fenómeno iniciou-se na Revolução Industrial com a ocupação fabril dos espaços ainda não construídos da cidade, nomeadamente dentro dos quarteirões, assistindo-se à sobreposição dos interesses económicos sobre o desenho urbano existente. Devido à ausência de um projecto base, essas estruturas foram sendo ocupadas e modificadas por comunidades distintas, compondo o espaço actual numa gramática complexa. Falar de identidade, é falar de apropriar um todo, e compreendê-lo como um acto de unificação. A conjuntura social alemã é a génese de vários factores históricos, alguns dos quais considerados dramáticos. Nos territórios de Dresden e Berlim, inscrevem-se algumas das cicatrizes mais profundas do século XX. Nesse sentido, não são cidades como acto violento contra a natureza, mas antes demonstrações da natureza violenta do homem. Sendo a cidade o reflexo mais imediato das relações humanas e organização em sociedade, as cicatrizes patentes dessa violência criaram um impacto nas estruturas urbanas, socais, históricas e políticas. Morfologicamente, o quarteirão é um elemento urbano que mistura, agrupa e, ao mesmo tempo, divide os espaços públicos dos privados - muitas vezes detentor de ambiguidades na separação destas duas atmosferas. Importa entender o motivo social que leva a que existam espaços semi-públicos e semi-privados. O Hinterhof (espaço urbano vazio do quarteirão) prima, normalmente, por um carácter mais privativo por se encontrar distante da rua. No entanto os seus acessos, nos casos particulares de Dresden e Berlim, são maioritariamente de livre passagem, dando lugar a pátios, jardins, espaços para congregar as pessoas (esplanadas de bares, parques de estacionamento, workshops, parques de crianças, lugar para estender a roupa, festas de bairro, convívio particular, ateliers, horta comunitária, organização de picnics ao fim de semana ...) Os seus papeis não se conseguem definir, tal a sua pluralidade. O pensamento de "partiha" alemão, ainda hoje presente, possibilitou a criação desses espaços plurais semi-privados e semi-públicos. Devido ao facto de terem sido, outrora, o espaço comum de habitação de inúmeros trabalhadores fabris, com um sentido comunitário fixado no pós-guerra, também reflexo das dificuldades e sentido de entre-ajuda social com a imposição do regime da DDR.

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Dissertação de Mestrado para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Arquitectura - Especialização em Urbanismo Especialização em Planeamento Urbano e Territorial, apresentada na Faculdade de Arquitectura da Universidade Técnica de Lisboa.

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Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Doutor em Design, apresentada na Universidade de Lisboa - Faculdade de Arquitetura.

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This research investigates the microclimate and the morphology features of the central campus of the UFRN, in Natal-RN, through the use of bioclimatic tools of analysis in order to assist the implementation of the campus´ Master Plan. It develops a diagnosis of the evolution and growth of the urban space surveyed by analyzing its initial plan and the basic urban conception behind it, as well as the morphology and typologies utilized. The study makes a qualitative analysis of the local microclimate by using Katzschner (1997) methodology, with land-use and topography maps, building heights, vegetation and soil covering. It also makes use of the methodology proposed by Oliveira (1993), which examines, from the bioclimatic standpoint, the human environment as related to the urban form (site and built mass). It identifies zones whose climatic characteristics are representative of the local microclimate and classifies them into areas to be strictly preserved, areas to be protected and areas to be improved. By means of the methodology for spatial and environmental assessment developed by Bustos Romero (2001), the survey selects characteristic points of each area in order to register the environmental data relative to the two basic seasons found in the region where the campus is located, that is, the dry and the rainy season, so that it can evaluate changes in the environment which might have been caused by urban density growth, by arborization or by the influence of the urban form. It then proceeds to a quantitative and statistical survey of the collected data with the purpose of evaluating the degree of influence of the identified features over the environmental variables along the different scales of approach. The study shows the existence of different microclimates and emphasizes the relevance of the bioclimatic analysis of the built environment as a tool for the decision-making process along the development of the Master Plan for UFRN Central Campus

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Studies on the urban landscape and on the changes of the urban space are relevant, since they reveal the economic dynamics and the way of life in the cities. Research on small towns, in particular, can display particular aspects and by so doing broaden the comprehension of this theme. The purpose of this research is to analyze the changes in the urban landscape and in the way of life of the inhabitants of the town of Tenente Ananias-RN that have been taking place since the 1990s up to the present (2013) and which result mainly from the commercial activity of crediário. The study is, therefore, a reflection on the impact of crediário economy on the urban landscape and on the way of life of a small town located in the hinterland of the State of Rio Grande do Norte. For this reason, it was necessary to study the landscape and the way of life found in Tenente Ananias in two moments: a) before the rise of the crediário, a period of time ranging from the town‟s initial emergence until the beginning of the 1990s; b) during the progress of crediário activity, from the beginning of the 1990s, when it starts, up to the present (2013). For this research, primary data (interviews, local survey visits) and secondary data (books, articles, reports, census data) were used. As a result of this study, it was possible to conclude that crediário plays a fundamental role for the explanation of the changes taking place in Tenente Ananias-RN, especially in the urban landscape and in the way of life of people. We have attempted, through this research, to contribute to the studies of a historical, social and economic process related to the urban landscape and space of a small town in the State of Rio Grande do Norte

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This work aims to understand the spatial organization in the Town of Macau, State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. This approach focus on bringing back the history of the town, the main personages responsible for the construction of this place, denominated "social agents", as well as its social processes and the spatial forms derived from them. As the personages and their practices were identified, it was found out the existence of a driving force for structuring, interlocking, and maintaining the actions carried out by the social agents during the time. Such actions were materialized in the urban space: "the social segregation". The social segregation takes place as a specific geography of domination. The outcome of those owning the best areas" and ways of accessibility in the urban space, varies from the enrichment by property valorization, because of the concentration of public investments of infrastructure, to the comfort of easily reaching all the daily needs related to the displacements in the urban space. In the latter case, such facility has contributed to improve life quality. While one takes advantage of the location in the urban space, others are negatively affected by the same process. This research identified the salina worker as the weakest element of this social structure, occupying the urban periphery of the town of Macau. Such area is characterized by the lack of services and urban equipment in opposition to the center of the town, the locus of elite. This way, it is established the most known segregation pattern: center x periphery, in which the space acts as a mechanism of segregation

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Recent studies concerning the landscape have investigated the most important activities that contribute for its modification and have tried to better understand the society through the marks left by its quotidian. It is understood that singular landscapes constitute the cultural patrimonies of the cities, once they are part of the daily life of the citizens and are present in their social representations. Some contemporary authors defend the preservation of the natural and urban landscape trying, specially, to keep its importance for the local population. Natal is a city where the ambient qualities are well defined and known by the beauty of the area where it is located. Situated just between a river and the sea, the city grew following its geographic characteristics. The Potengi River, the Atlantic Ocean and the vast dunes ecosystem represented natural limits to the urban expansion; at the same time they have favored the development of a landscape pattern marked by the dialectic between the natural elements and the human interventions. However, this relationship changed after the intensification of the high rising development process that took place since the 1960s. The urban legislation tried to preserve the features of the local landscape delimiting Areas for Controlling Building High , destined to protect the scenic value of some parts of the city. On the other hand, the civil construction sector has made constant pressure in sense to abolish or to modify this legal instrument, aiming profits that have increased, in the 1990s, because of the consumption and the qualification of the urban space for tourist activities. It is necessary the raising of new elements to stimulate the quarrel about the landscape preservation, the process of the urban space production and the best way for the legislation implementation. This work tries to raise elements about the subject at local level, in sense to use Natal City experience to contribute for the formulation of indicators to raise the question about the lack of measure for subjective values, for example the cultural and affective value of the landscape. The natural elements inserted in the urban profile, represent strong visual references and supply identity to the town; they are part of the collective imaginary and are detached in the social context of the city. Then, why the preservation of the landscape, that estimates the improvement in the quality of life, is not enough to justify the controlling building high already previewed as part of Natal City Legislation? These questions send us to the approach of the landscape, as a community patrimony, alerting that some of its significant esthetics attributes must be preserved as a legacy for the future generations