Sobre sinthoma /

A partir da «teoria do sonho» de Freud, passando pela linguística de Saussure, pela Topologia e pela função do Nome-do-Pai, este artigo aborda a evolução do ensino de Lacan sobre o sintoma – o que faz signo sobre a falha do sujeito. Este trabalho dá particular ênfase ao sintoma psicótico, com o objectivo de demonstrar o que pode estabilizar uma psicose, sendo o sinthoma joyciano o mais eficaz, permitindo a restauração social através do gozo literário.

Cartel de leitura do seminàrio de J.Lacan les non-dupes errent

Pretende-se aqui dar conta do trabalho efetuado em 2011-2012 pelo Cartel de leitura. O desafio consistia em ler o Seminário de Lacan Les non dupes errent o mais possível ao pé da letra. Este é um Seminário onde problemática paterna (nome/nomes do pai) entronca com a questão do Real; uma palavra-chave no trajeto de Lacan - em particular na última fase do seu ensino – em ligação com o Simbólico e o Imaginário.

Changes in race-specific virulence in pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola are Associated with a chimeric transposable element and rare deletion events in a plasmid-borne pathogenicity island

Virulence for bean and soybean is determined by effector genes in a plasmid-borne pathogenicity island (PAI) in race 7 strain 1449B of Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola. One of the effector genes, avrPphF, confers either pathogenicity, virulence, or avirulence depending on the plant host and is absent from races 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8 of this pathogen. Analysis of cosmid clones and comparison of DNA sequences showed that the absence of avrPphF from strain 1448A is due to deletion of a continuous 9.5-kb fragment. The remainder of the PAI is well conserved in strains 1448A and 1449B. The left junction of the deleted region consists of a chimeric transposable element generated from the fusion of homologs of IS1492 from Pseudomonas putida and IS1090 from Ralstonia eutropha. The borders of the deletion were conserved in 66 P. syringae pv. phaseolicola strains isolated in different countries and representing the five races lacking avrPphF. However, six strains isolated in Spain had a 10.5-kb deletion that extended 1 kb further from the right junction. The perfect conservation of the 28-nucleotide right repeat of the IS1090 homolog in the two deletion types and in the other 47 insertions of the IS1090 homolog in the 1448A genome strongly suggests that the avrPphF deletions were mediated by the activity of the chimeric mobile element. Our data strongly support a clonal origin for the races of P. syringae pv. phaseolicola lacking avrPphF.

Style, experimentation and Jingju (Beijing Opera) as a decentered multiplicity

Jingju (Beijing Opera) is widely considered to be a fundamentally non-naturalistic practice that became known in the West after it caught the attention of western practitioners in 1935 following Mei Lanfang’s performance in Moscow. Given the implication that its importance is largely historical, some non-specialists have implied that Jingju has little relevance to contemporary modes of thinking, particularly the multiplicities of experience as outlined by philosophers such as Deleuze and Guattari. This article seeks to demonstrate the multiplicity of Jingju for a wider readership through both a historical analysis and a deconstruction of the form. It will show how, at the same time that Mei Lanfang was providing a ‘non-realistic’ model for western practitioners eager to displace the dominance of naturalism, realistic settings were becoming an integral part of Jingju performances in Shanghai. The article also engages with the various acting pai/styles that weave Jingju into a complex, multiple form. The article demonstrates how Deleuzian models actually facilitate a greater understanding of Jingju.

Obesity and body fat classification in the metabolic syndrome: impact on cardiometabolic risk metabotype

Obesity is a key factor in the development of the metabolic syndrome (MetS), which is associated with increased cardiometabolic risk. We investigated whether obesity classification by body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage (BF%) influences cardiometabolic profile and dietary responsiveness in 486 MetS subjects (LIPGENE dietary intervention study). Anthropometric measures, markers of inflammation and glucose metabolism, lipid profiles, adhesion molecules and haemostatic factors were determined at baseline and after 12 weeks of 4 dietary interventions (high saturated fat (SFA), high monounsaturated fat (MUFA) and 2 low fat high complex carbohydrate (LFHCC) diets, 1 supplemented with long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFAs)). 39% and 87% of subjects classified as normal and overweight by BMI were obese according to their BF%. Individuals classified as obese by BMI (± 30 kg/m2) and BF% (± 25% (men) and ± 35% (women)) (OO, n = 284) had larger waist and hip measurements, higher BMI and were heavier (P < 0.001) than those classified as non-obese by BMI but obese by BF% (NOO, n = 92). OO individuals displayed a more pro-inflammatory (higher C reactive protein (CRP) and leptin), pro-thrombotic (higher plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1)), pro-atherogenic (higher leptin/adiponectin ratio) and more insulin resistant (higher HOMA-IR) metabolic profile relative to the NOO group (P < 0.001). Interestingly, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) concentrations were lower post-intervention in NOO individuals compared to OO subjects (P < 0.001). In conclusion, assessing BF% and BMI as part of a metabotype may help identify individuals at greater cardiometabolic risk than BMI alone.

The antithrombotic effect of dextran-40 in man is due to enhanced fibrinolysis in vivo

BACKGROUND: Dextran-40 is effective in reducing postoperative Doppler-detectable embolization in patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy (CEA). Dextrans are thought to have antithrombotic and antiplatelet effects. The mode of action is unclear. In rats, dextran blocks uptake of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) by mannose-binding receptors. Because this would have the effect of enhancing endogenous fibrinolysis, we explored this effect of dextran-40 on fibrinolysis in man. METHODS: Twenty patients undergoing endovascular stenting for abdominal aortic aneurysm were randomized to receive 100 mL of 10% dextran-40 or saline, over 1 hour, during their operation in addition to heparin. Blood samples were taken preoperatively, intraoperatively (immediately after operative procedure), and 24 hours postoperatively. Thrombi were formed in a Chandler loop and used to assess endogenous fibrinolysis over 24 hours, measured as the fall in thrombus weight, and the release of fluorescently labelled fibrinogen from the thrombus. Plasma samples were analyzed for markers of fibrinolysis; plasmin-antiplasmin (PAP), PAI-1, and t-PA, and for functional von Willebrand factor (vWF). Platelet response to thrombin and other agonists was measured by flow cytometry. RESULTS: Thrombi formed ex vivo from the intraoperative blood samples from the dextran-treated patients exhibited significantly greater fibrinolysis vs preoperative samples, seen both as a significantly greater percentage reduction in thrombus weight (from 34.7% to 70.6% reduction) and as an 175% increase in the release of fluorescence (P < .05). Fibrinolysis returned to baseline levels the next day. No change was seen in the saline-treated group. Plasma levels of PAP and PAI-1 increased significantly postoperatively in the dextran-treated group vs the saline group (P < .05). The postoperative level of functional VWF was significantly lower in the dextran-treated group vs controls. A specific reduction occurred in the platelet response to thrombin, but not to other agonists, in the intraoperative samples from the dextran-treated group (11.1% vs 37.1%; P = .022), which was not seen in the controls. CONCLUSIONS: These data are consistent with a rise in plasmin due to dextran blockade of tPA uptake in vivo, leading to enhanced fibrinolysis, cleavage of vWF and of the platelet protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1) thrombin receptor. This suggests that dextran exerts a combined therapeutic effect, enhancing endogenous fibrinolysis, whilst also reducing platelet adhesion to vWF and platelet activation by thrombin. The proven antithrombotic efficacy of low-dose dextran in carotid surgery may be applicable to wider therapeutic use.

Antiobesity Effects of yerba mate Extract (Ilex paraguariensis) in High-fat Diet-induced Obese Mice

Because the potential of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) has been suggested in the management of obesity, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of yerba mate extract on weight loss, obesity-related biochemical parameters, and the regulation of adipose tissue gene expression in high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice. Thirty animals were randomly assigned to three groups. The mice were introduced to standard or high-fat diets. After 12 weeks on a high-fat diet, mice were randomly assigned according to the treatment (water or yerba mate extract 1.0 g/-kg). After treatment intervention, plasma concentrations of total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and glucose were evaluated. Adipose tissue was examined to determine the mRNA levels of several genes such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), leptin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-C motif chemokine ligand-2 (CCL2), CCL receptor-2 (CCR2), angiotensinogen, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), adiponectin, resistin, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma(2) (PPAR-gamma(2)), uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1), and PPAR-gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1 alpha). The F4/80 levels were determined by immunoblotting. We found that obese mice treated with yerba mate exhibited marked attenuation of weight gain, adiposity, a decrease in epididymal fat-pad weight, and restoration of the serum levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, and glucose. The gene and protein expression levels were directly regulated by the high-fat diet. After treatment with yerba mate extract, we observed a recovery of the expression levels. In conclusion, our data show that yerba mate extract has potent antiobesity activity in vivo. Additionally, we observed that the treatment had a modulatory effect on the expression of several genes related to obesity.

Global and diffuse solar irradiances in urban and rural areas in southeast Brazil

The seasonal evolution of daily and hourly values of global and diffuse solar radiation at the surface are compared for the cities of Sao Paulo and Botucatu, both located in Southeast Brazil and representative of urban and rural areas, respectively. The comparisons are based on measurements of global and diffuse solar irradiance carried out at the surface during a six year simultaneous period in these two cities. Despite the similar latitude and altitude, the seasonal evolution of daily values indicate that Sao Paulo receives, during clear sky days, 7.8% less global irradiance in August and 5.1% less in June than Botucatu. On the other hand, Sao Paulo receives, during clear sky days, 3.6% more diffuse irradiance in August and 15.6% more in June than Botucatu. The seasonal variation of the diurnal cycle confirms these differences and indicates that they are more pronounced during the afternoon. The regional differences are related to the distance from the Atlantic Ocean, systematic penetration of the sea breeze and daytime evolution of the particulate matter in Sao Paulo. An important mechanism controlling the spatial distribution of solar radiation, on a regional scale, is the sea breeze penetration in Sao Paulo, bringing moisture and maritime aerosol that in turn further increases the solar radiation scattering due to pollution and further reduces the intensity of the direct component of solar radiation at the surface. Surprisingly, under clear sky conditions the atmospheric attenuation of solar radiation in Botucatu during winter - the biomass burning period due to the sugar cane harvest - is equivalent to that at Sao Paulo City, indicating that the contamination during sugar cane harvest in Southeast Brazil has a large impact in the solar radiation field at the surface.

Endotoxin levels correlate positively with a sedentary lifestyle and negatively with highly trained subjects

Introduction: A sedentary lifestyle increases the risk of developing cardiovascular disease, obesity, and diabetes. This phenomenon is supported by recent studies suggesting a chronic, low-grade inflammation status. Endotoxin derived from gut flora may be key to the development of inflammation by stimulating the secretion of inflammatory factors. This study aimed to examine plasma inflammatory markers and endotoxin levels in individuals with a sedentary lifestyle and/or in highly trained subjects at rest. Methods: Fourteen male subjects (sedentary lifestyle n = 7; highly trained subjects n = 7) were recruited. Blood samples were collected after an overnight fast (similar to 12 h). The plasmatic endotoxin, plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP1), ICAM/CD54, VCAM/CD106 and lipid profile levels were determined. Results: Endotoxinemia was lower in the highly trained subject group relative to the sedentary subjects (p < 0.002). In addition, we observed a positive correlation between endotoxin and PAI-1 (r = 0.85, p < 0.0001), endotoxin and total cholesterol (r = 0.65; p < 0.01), endotoxin and LDL-c (r = 0.55; p < 0.049) and endotoxin and TG levels (r = 0.90; p < 0.0001). The plasma levels of MCP-1, ICAM/CD54 and VCAM/CD106 did not differ. Conclusion: These results indicate that a lifestyle associated with high-intensity and high-volume exercise induces favorable changes in chronic low-grade inflammation markers and may reduce the risk for diseases such as obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.

Photoassociative ionization of cold Na atoms: repulsive levels effects on the ion production rate

We have revisited photoassociative ionization (PAI) in a cold sample of Na atmos. A two-color experiment was performed ina magneto-optical trap through the addition of aprobe laser. The observation of a marked change in the PAI rate for a definite frequency range can be attributed to the influence of repuisive levels and a possible avoided crossing between long-range molecular levels. (c) 2009 by Astro Ltd. Published exclusively by WLLEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA

Investigação de Paternidade

A questão dos filhos do pai sempre foi muito discutida desde os primórdios do Direito, o pai antes não tinha o dever de reconhecer o filho, e se reconhecia este sempre era tratado como ilegítimo, incestuoso ou adulterino, o pai só tinha obrigação de alimentar, mas o filho jamais teria algum direito sucessório, a não ser que o pai dispusesse em testamento. Com o passar do tempo, os costumes mudam e com essa mudança a questão da filiação torna-se um foco de muita importância para o Direito.Com o advento da Constituição Federal de 1988, com fundamento no princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana, por se tratar de Direito fundamental, é vetado qualquer tipo de discriminação em relação aos filhos, se havidos ou não na constância do casamento e também impõe que a família, a sociedade e o Estado devem assegurar à criança o direito à vida, á saúde,alimentação, a convivência em família, etc.Após a vigência da nossa Carta Magna, as leis infraconstitucionais foram se adequando, atribuindo assim, todos os no que tange a filiação, de forma irrestrita, podendo os filhos investigar sua paternidade/maternidade, e o pai e a mãe em alguns casos contestá-la.Com a descoberta do exame de DNA, qualquer pessoa pode investigar sua identidade biológica, e o direito passou a dispor de prova em que a paternidade é confirmada com uma porcentagem de erro quase nula.Assim, o Poder Judiciário pode declarar a paternidade ou a maternidade de uma pessoa assegurando todos os direitos tais como: o nome, os alimentos,o direito sucessório, etc e, por outro lado, o legislador faz desaparecer a expressão de que " bastante não sucede".

Investigação de Paternidade

Este trabalho aborda os diversos aspectos referentes à paternidade.Narra a historia e a evolução legislativa dos direitos de filiação, bem como a mudança do conceito de paternidade.O Direito Civil ao longo do tempo sofreu inúmeras transformações que forma de grande valia, nos trazendo o que conhecemos hoje por um Direito Civil contemporâneo.A possibilidade de reconhecimento dos filhos adulterinos, a relativização da presunção da paternidade, a importância do pai na criação e educação de um filho, o avanço da ciência médica e biológica que passou a ser cada vez mais utilizada pelos operadores do direito na busca da verdade na paternidade.Esses e muitos outros pontos de fundamental importância foram discutidos neste trabalho.Deste modo, o presente estudo tem por objetivo nos apresentar a problemática concernente à paternidade, propiciando reflexões a respeito do tema de modo a contribuir de maneira singela e modesta para o nosso famigerado mundo jurídico.

Direito de paternidade

A figura do pai no código civil de 1916, era inexistente para os filhos nascidos fora do matrimônio, nesta época o reconhecimento seja ele voluntárioo judicial era nuli, este era considerado filho somente da mãe.Mas já o filho concebido por infidelidade da mãe, era considerado nascido do casamento, pois por presunção era do legítimo marido.Com as transformações sociais, as leis tiveram que se adequar á sociedade.Ocorrendo então várias mudanças no ramos do direito á paternidade

Alimentos e a responsabilidade civil da genitora em decorrência da negativa de paternidade

O presente trabalho teve como ponto de partida o estudo dos alimentos e da obrigação alimentar. Em seguida, realizou-se um breve estudo sobre o direito à filiação, o qual é assegurado pelo Código Civil de 2002 nos artigos 1.596 e seguintes; artigo 227, parágrafo 6º da Constituição Federal e algumas leis complementares, tais como o Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente. Também foi abordado o tema da investigação de paternidade e seu ônus probatório, enfatizando a ação negatória de paternidade, a qual isenta o réu da obrigação alimentar. Por fim, um estudo sucinto da responsabilidade civil da genitora que, sabendo não ser o réu o pai do seu filho, ajuíza ação pleiteando alimentos, bem como o dano e sua relação com os alimentos pagos ao menor hipossuficiente.

A construção da paternidade desde a gestação até o primeiro ano do bebê

A paternidade é um tema que vem merecendo atenção crescente nas últimas décadas. O presente estudo teve por objetivo analisar o processo de construção da paternidade, desde a gestação até o primeiro ano do bebê, com pais adultos que esperavam o seu primeiro filho. Foi realizado um estudo de caso coletivo com seis casais, selecionados de um total de 114, que fazem parte de um projeto longitudinal maior (GIDEP, 1998). Pais e mães, ambos com mais de 20 anos, foram entrevistados individual e conjuntamente, durante o último trimestre da gravidez, e após o terceiro e o décimo segundo meses do bebê. O foco de análise do estudo foi o envolvimento paterno, categorizado segundo os critérios propostos por Lamb (1996), em engajamento, acessibilidade e responsabilidade. Consideramos 5 aspectos que, de acordo com a revisão da literatura, poderiam estar relacionados ao envolvimento paterno: os modelos de paternidade, a matriz de apoio familiar, o desenvolvimento do bebê e as representações do pai e da mãe sobre o envolvimento. A análise dos dados apontou para os modelos familiares como sendo os fatores mais influentes sobre o envolvimento paterno. Verificamos que a ausência de uma matriz de apoio exerce influência mas não determina, por si só, um maior engajamento do pai. Da mesma forma, a representação da mãe sobre o desempenho do marido como pai, não pareceu determinar um maior engajamento, embora influenciasse no clima de satisfação familiar. Quanto ao desenvolvimento do bebê, não identificamos diferenças quanto ao sexo, mas quanto à idade: os pais revelavam maior satisfação quanto ao engajamento com bebês maiores do que com os recém-nascidos. Finalmente, pode-se concluir que os pais continuam seguindo modelos tradicionais quanto à acessibilidade e a responsabilidade. Já em relação ao engajamento, embora exista uma expectativa em ser diferente dos modelos familiares, percebemos que os pais apresentam um maior engajamento em atividades lúdicas - brincadeiras e passeios, do que em atividades de cuidado, para as quais podemos supor que faltam modelos efetivos.