Study of nuclear reactions relevant for astrophysics by Micro-AMS

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Doutor em Física

Manutenção baseada no estado de condição. Uma abordagem utilizando cartas de controlo modificadas

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Doutor em Engenharia Industrial

A pictorial field guide for the rapid identification of sandflies (DIPTERA: PSYCHODIDAE), commonly encountered in Pará state, Brazil.

A pictorial field guide to the 30 species of sandfly most commonly encountered in Pará State is presented, based on the easily recognised external characters of the length of the 5th palpal segment, thoracic infuscation, abdominal colour and head and body size. In most cases this allows identification to the species. In others, especially with females, it gives an indication of the species, which may then be confirmed with data from more detailed taxanomix studies. This type of field guide helps in teaching, rapid sorting of flies prior to dissection and in acquainting visitors with the variety of species present in a given area.A rapid technique for the taxonomic sorting of unmounted, freshly killed female sandflies is required, prior to the dissection of large numbers of a particular species. Such a method is useful in areas where numerous species occur in studies on natural flagellate infections, age determination and for ecological studies. With the above points in mind a pictorial field guide has been designed that enables the identification of unmounted, unmacerated specimens of the 30 more commonly encountered species of phleboto-mine sandflies (***) in Pará State, North Brazil. It is based on the easily recognised external characters of the length of the 5th palpal segment, thoracic infuscation, ad-dominal colour and proboscis and body size.Taxonomy of male phlebotomine sandflies is based on the structure of the genitalia and, as most of this is external, a wholly external character key is readily made. Female taxonomy, however, is based on the internal character of the cibarium, pharynx and sperma thecae. In order to produce an external character key we therefore return to an unso phisticated "phlebotometry" (see Martins et al., 1978 p. 3 for review), using relative lengths of the proboscis, palpal segments and body, along with the degree of infuscation. Ihis idea is not new; indeed many sandfly specialists presently use external characters to separate certain species (H. Fraiha, R. P. Lane, P. D. Ready, D. G. Young and R. D. Ward personal communications 1983 & 1984).A key used to separate five anthropophillic sandflies by Biagi (1966), in Mexico, was based mainly on palpal segment length and infuscation. Floch and Abonnenc (1952) stressed the use of relative lengths of palpal segments in their keys to the sandflies of French Guiana, and four members of the shannoni group have been similarly separated according to the degree of infuscation by Morales et al. (1982). The use of thoracic infuscation as a reliable character seems to be gaining favour, having been used by young & Fairchild (1974) and Ready & Fraiha (1981). Indeed Chariotis 1974) showed the usefulness of thoracic infuscation to sepenate 7 anthropophillic species, during studies onvesicular stomatitis in Panama. Identification using external characters is essential for work on viral isolations from sandflies, where bulk samples of whole sandflies are used.Perhaps the major advantage of a simple visual guide is for teaching purposes. Technical staff in this lnstitute are able to identify most of the species they encounter without having to use the standard, more unwieldly (and in many cases unavailable) internal character keys, and the guides presented below have allowed rapid species sorting prior to the dissection of sandflies in our leismaniasis study areas (Ryan et at. ,1985).

ALIMENTAÇÃO E DISTRIBUIÇÃO ESPACIAL DE ALGUMAS ESPÉCIES DE PEIXES DO IGARAPÉ DO CANDIRÚ, AMAZONAS, BRASIL

O conteúdo estomacal de 29 espécies de peixes e a distribuição destas em diferentes microhabitats existentes em um igarapé de terra-firme, igarapé do Candirú, na Amazônia Central, foram analisados. Sete tipos de microhabitats foram observados e algumas espécies apresentaram estruturas morfológicas adaptativas que eram adequadas à captura do alimento consumido e ao microhabitat onde foram sempre coletadas. A relação entre a dieta alimentar e o microhabitat no qual a espécie permanecia, foi observada. Outras espécies apresentaram mudanças na escolha do microhabitat em relação ao seu estágio de desenvolvimento, embora não tenha sido observada alteração quanto ao tipo de alimento consumido. Neste caso é possível que a diminuição no risco de predação seja o fator principal influenciando na mudança de microhabitat. Neste trabalho são discutidos alguns prováveis fatores que influenciam as espécies na escolha de um determinado microhabitat a ser explorado.

Assessing the feasibility of impregnating phase change materials in lightweight aggregate for development of thermal energy storage systems

This paper assesses the feasibility of impregnation/encasement of phase change materials (PCMs) in lightweight aggregates (LWAs). An impregnation process was adopted to carry out the encasement study of two different PCMs in four different LWAs. The leakage of the impregnated/encased PCMs was studied when they were submitted to freeze/thawing and oven drying tests, separately. The results confirmed that, the impregnation/encasement method is effective with respect to the large thermal energy storage density, and can be suitable for applications were PCMs cannot be incorporated directly such as asphalt road pavements.

Singularities of the dynamical structure factors of the spin-1/2 XXX chain at finite magnetic field

We study the longitudinal and transverse spin dynamical structure factors of the spin-1/2 XXX chain at finite magnetic field h, focusing in particular on the singularities at excitation energies in the vicinity of the lower thresholds. While the static properties of the model can be studied within a Fermi-liquid like description in terms of pseudoparticles, our derivation of the dynamical properties relies on the introduction of a form of the ‘pseudofermion dynamical theory’ (PDT) of the 1D Hubbard model suitably modified for the spin-only XXX chain and other models with two pseudoparticle Fermi points. Specifically, we derive the exact momentum and spin-density dependences of the exponents ζτ(k) controlling the singularities for both the longitudinal  and transverse (τ = t) dynamical structure factors for the whole momentum range  , in the thermodynamic limit. This requires the numerical solution of the integral equations that define the phase shifts in these exponents expressions. We discuss the relation to neutron scattering and suggest new experiments on spin-chain compounds using a carefully oriented crystal to test our predictions.

Pseudofermion dynamical theory for the spin dynamical correlation functions of the half-filled 1D Hubbard model

A modified version of the metallic-phase pseudofermion dynamical theory (PDT) of the 1D Hubbard model is introduced for the spin dynamical correlation functions of the half-filled 1D Hubbard model Mott– Hubbard phase. The Mott–Hubbard insulator phase PDT is applied to the study of the model longitudinal and transverse spin dynamical structure factors at finite magnetic field h, focusing in particular on the sin- gularities at excitation energies in the vicinity of the lower thresholds. The relation of our theoretical results to both condensed-matter and ultra-cold atom systems is discussed.

Supercritical fluid and pharmaceutical applications. Part I: Process classification

The supercritical fluid technology has been target of many pharmaceuticals investigations in particles production for almost 35 years. This is due to the great advantages it offers over others technologies currently used for the same purpose. A brief history is presented, as well the classification of supercritical technology based on the role that the supercritical fluid (carbon dioxide) performs in the process.

Caracterizacion geológica de los granitoides aflorantes entre los 32º y 33º, Sierras Pampeanas de Córdoba

En este trabajo se propone continuar con el estudio geológico de síntesis referido a los afloramientos de cuerpos granitoides y su entorno encajante del sur de las Sierras Pampeanas de Córdoba (Sierra de Comechingones, Sierras Chicas y Sierras de las Peñas) ubicadas entre los 32° 00' y 33° 30'S, provincia de Córdoba. La presente propuesta es continuación del proyecto N° 3481, "Caracterización geológica de los granitos poscinemáticos aflorantes entre los 32° 00' y 33° 30'S. Sierras Pampeanas de Córdoba", iniciado en 1996 y que fuera subsidiado por Conicor. En esta nueva propuesta se extiende el estudio a todos los granitoides debido a que durante la ejecución del proyecto anterior se comprobó que algunos cuerpos intrusivos como por ejemplo el plutón Los Colorados tenían relaciones petroestructurales que indicaban un carácter sin-cinemático. Los estudios realizados hasta el presente han permitido individualizar dos plutones principales en el batolito Cerro Áspero y completar la geología y geoquímica del plutón Alpa Corral. Se ha logrado el mapa geológico del plutón Los Colorados y su entorno encajante, como así también la caracterización petrográfica y muestreo para análisis geoquímico. El área propuesta se caracteriza por poseer excelentes afloramientos de granitoides con evidencias notorias de emplazamiento poscinemático como por ejemplo el batolito Cerro Áspero. Plutones como El Hongo, Los Colorados y otros cuerpos del extremo sur de las Sierras de Comechingones poseen una geología más compleja y sus relaciones con la roca de caja, edades relativas, edades absolutas y grado de especialización metalogenética, hasta el momento no han sido objeto de un estudio sistemático. La integración de los conocimientos en un mapeo de síntesis permitirá abordar y comprender con mayores fundamentos la historia geológica de este sector de la corteza, durante la generación y emplazamiento de los granitoides en estudio. Asimismo, permitirá dilucidar el potencial mineralizador y económico de estos granitoides. Objetivos principales - Continuar con la caracterización geológica-petrológica de los cuerpos granitoides y obtener un mapa base a escala 1:60.000. - Agrupar los granitoides de acuerdo a sus relaciones de intrusividad y deformación, composición, profundidad de emplazamiento y de este modo obtener parámetros geológicos que permitan compararlos e interpretarlos. - Efectuar una correlación geoquímica con otros granitoides pos, sin y precinemáticos de Sierras Pampeanas, en particular de las Sierras de Córdoba y San Luis. - Lograr una caracterización de los granitoides considerando su potencial metalogenético y económico. Objetivos específicos Para el año 1997 se propone: - Lograr el mapa geológico y la petrología del batolito Cerro Áspero. - Continuar con la caracterización geológica-petrológica del plutón Los Colorados y su roca encajante. Obtener edades radimétricas. - Realizar el mapa geológico y la petrografía del plutón El Hongo. Obtener su edad absoluta. - Obtener edades radimétricas del plutón Alpa Corral y el plutón El Hongo, mediante concentración de muscovita y anfíboles.

Nutrição mineral das plantas ornamentais: II - absorção de macronutrientes pelo craveiro

Plantas de cravo (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) das variedades "Evening Grown", "White Sim", "Yellow Sim", "Red Sim" e "Dust" foram coletadas na época do transplante, aos 15, 30, 35, 75 e 115 dias em uma plantação comercial na região de Atibaia, S. Paulo. As plantas foram divididas em caule, fôlhas, flores e analisadas para nitrogênio, fósforo, potássio, cálcio, magnésio e enxofre. Observou-se que o craveiro cresce em altura até aos 115 dias e em peso até aos 75 dias estabilizando o pêso após este estádio. O teor porcentual dos nutrientes, na matéria sêca oscilou em torno de 2% para nitrogênio, 0,2% a 0,8% para o fósforo, 2%a 4% para o potássio, 1% para o cálcio, 0,3% para o magnésio e 0,2% para o enxofre. Uma planta de cravo aos 115 dias de idade contém: 581 mg de nitrogênio, 82 mg de fósforo, 1026 mg de potássio, 348 mg de cálcio, 90 mg de magnésio, 55 mg de enxofre.