Characterization of the Golgi Complex Cleared of Proteins in Transit and Examination of Calcium Uptake Activities

To characterize endogenous molecules and activities of the Golgi complex, proteins in transit were >99% cleared from rat hepatocytes by using cycloheximide (CHX) treatment. The loss of proteins in transit resulted in condensation of the Golgi cisternae and stacks. Isolation of a stacked Golgi fraction is equally efficient with or without proteins in transit [control (CTL SGF1) and cycloheximide (CHX SGF1)]. Electron microscopy and morphometric analysis showed that >90% of the elements could be positively identified as Golgi stacks or cisternae. Biochemical analysis showed that the cis-, medial-, trans-, and TGN Golgi markers were enriched over the postnuclear supernatant 200- to 400-fold with and 400- to 700-fold without proteins in transit. To provide information on a mechanism for import of calcium required at the later stages of the secretory pathway, calcium uptake into CTL SGF1 and CHX SGF1 was examined. All calcium uptake into CTL SGF1 was dependent on a thapsigargin-resistant pump not resident to the Golgi complex and a thapsigargin-sensitive pump resident to the Golgi. Experiments using CHX SGF1 showed that the thapsigargin-resistant activity was a plasma membrane calcium ATPase isoform in transit to the plasma membrane and the thapsigargin-sensitive pump was a sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase isoform. In vivo both of these calcium ATPases function to maintain millimolar levels of calcium within the Golgi lumen.

Information about movement direction obtained from synchronous activity of motor cortical neurons

Although neuronal synchronization has been shown to exist in primary motor cortex (MI), very little is known about its possible contribution to coding of movement. By using cross-correlation techniques from multi-neuron recordings in MI, we observed that activity of neurons commonly synchronized around the time of movement initiation. For some cell pairs, synchrony varied with direction in a manner not readily predicted by the firing of either neuron. Information theoretic analysis demonstrated quantitatively that synchrony provides information about movement direction beyond that expected by simple rate changes. Thus, MI neurons are not simply independent encoders of movement parameters but rather engage in mutual interactions that could potentially provide an additional coding dimension in cortex.

Localização de usinas termoelétricas utilizando Sistema de Informação Geográfica e métodos de decisão multicritério

No setor de energia elétrica, a área que se dedica ao estudo da inserção de novos parques geradores de energia no sistema é denominada planejamento da expansão da geração. Nesta área, as decisões de localização e instalação de novas usinas devem ser amplamente analisadas, a fim de se obter os diversos cenários proporcionados pelas alternativas geradas. Por uma série de fatores, o sistema de geração elétrico brasileiro, com predominância hidroelétrica, tende a ser gradualmente alterada pela inserção de usinas termoelétricas (UTEs). O problema de localização de UTEs envolve um grande número de variáveis através do qual deve ser possível analisar a importância e contribuição de cada uma. O objetivo geral deste trabalho é o desenvolvimento de um modelo de localização de usinas termoelétricas, aqui denominado SIGTE (Sistema de Informação Geográfica para Geração Termoelétrica), o qual integra as funcionalidades das ferramentas SIGs (Sistemas de Informação Geográfica) e dos métodos de decisão multicritério. A partir de uma visão global da área estudada, as componentes espaciais do problema (localização dos municípios, tipos de transporte, linhas de transmissão de diferentes tensões, áreas de preservação ambiental, etc.) podem ter uma representação mais próxima da realidade e critérios ambientais podem ser incluídos na análise. Além disso, o SIGTE permite a inserção de novas variáveis de decisão sem prejuízo da abordagem. O modelo desenvolvido foi aplicado para a realidade do Estado de São Paulo, mas deixando claro a viabilidade de uso do modelo para outro sistema ou região, com a devida atualização dos bancos de dados correspondentes. Este modelo é designado para auxiliar empreendedores que venham a ter interesse em construir uma usina ou órgãos governamentais que possuem a função de avaliar e deferir ou não a licença de instalação e operação de usinas.

Vegetation Changes to the Okavango Delta, Botswana; A Comparison Between Managed and Non-Managed Areas

This capstone explores vegetation changes in the Okavango Delta area of Botswana. Spatial analyses were conducted using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer Normalized Difference Vegetation Index satellite imagery and Geographic Information System land management data to compare vegetation changes within managed areas to determine whether management practices have had beneficial or adverse impacts. Rainfall, logging, and livestock data were utilized to attempt to find a link to precipitation, logging, or overgrazing. After analysis the livestock data were the only one that showed a correlation to the vegetation changes observed. Of the vegetation cover types analyzed, forest showed the most change, a significant decrease. Little difference in vegetation changes was found in the managed areas, indicating that land management techniques are ineffective.

A model driven framework for geographic knowledge discovery

Geographic knowledge discovery (GKD) is the process of extracting information and knowledge from massive georeferenced databases. Usually the process is accomplished by two different systems, the Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and the data mining engines. However, the development of those systems is a complex task due to it does not follow a systematic, integrated and standard methodology. To overcome these pitfalls, in this paper, we propose a modeling framework that addresses the development of the different parts of a multilayer GKD process. The main advantages of our framework are that: (i) it reduces the design effort, (ii) it improves quality systems obtained, (iii) it is independent of platforms, (iv) it facilitates the use of data mining techniques on geo-referenced data, and finally, (v) it ameliorates the communication between different users.

Crecimiento urbano y conservación de flora amenazada: aplicaciones cartográficas en el caso de Helianthemum caput-felis Boiss

La aplicación de las Tecnologías de la Información Geográfica (TIG) en el seguimiento de especies vegetales de flora catalogada como rara, endémica o amenazada, ha permitido obtener una base de datos georreferenciada de las poblaciones de Helianthemum caput-felis Boiss. La información, adquirida mediante un intensivo trabajo de campo, permite elaborar una cartografía de detalle útil para conocer sus principales amenazas, encabezadas por el crecimiento urbano. Mediante un análisis espacial se realiza un seguimiento de la dinámica de estas poblaciones en un sector concreto de su área de ocupación, que incluye una prospectiva de las áreas que desaparecerán en caso de ejecutarse el planeamiento urbano. Finalmente se reflexiona sobre la utilidad del método presentado.

Los SIG en el contexto del medio marino en la Región de Murcia

La aplicación de los Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG) se ha extendido en el mundo científico-técnico, donde se ha convertido en un instrumento de análisis y almacenamiento de información imprescindible. El uso de los SIG abarca casi cualquier aplicación en la que haya una componente espacial, como usos militares, aplicaciones en infraestructuras, planificación territorial, etc. En el medio marino se pueden aplicar para teledetección, cartografía digital, geoestadística, análisis y modelación espacial, Infraestructuras de Datos Espaciales (IDE), visores web, etc. En 1988, la Región de Murcia impulsó el proyecto de cartografía binómica del litoral murciano, siendo un instrumento que ha ido actualizándose hasta nuestros días. En comparación con otras regiones mediterráneas españolas, el litoral murciano es el tramo del litoral mediterráneo con la información cartográfica más completa y precisa, además del SIG marino más avanzado. Son numerosos los trabajos y aplicaciones en los que se ha utilizado como base la cartografía y los datos asociados, como la Red Natura 2000, ‘Programa de gestión integrada del litoral del Mar Menor y su zona de influencia’, caracterización ambiental para la propuesta de Reservas Marinas, diagnóstico medioambiental, etc.

A GIS-based methodology to quantitatively define an Adjacent Protected Area in a shallow karst cavity: The case of Altamira cave

Different types of land use are usually present in the areas adjacent to many shallow karst cavities. Over time, the increasing amount of potentially harmful matter and energy, of mainly anthropic origin or influence, that reaches the interior of a shallow karst cavity can modify the hypogeal ecosystem and increase the risk of damage to the Palaeolithic rock art often preserved within the cavity. This study proposes a new Protected Area status based on the geological processes that control these matter and energy fluxes into the Altamira cave karst system. Analysis of the geological characteristics of the shallow karst system shows that direct and lateral infiltration, internal water circulation, ventilation, gas exchange and transmission of vibrations are the processes that control these matter and energy fluxes into the cave. This study applies a comprehensive methodological approach based on Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to establish the area of influence of each transfer process. The stratigraphic and structural characteristics of the interior of the cave were determined using 3D Laser Scanning topography combined with classical field work, data gathering, cartography and a porosity–permeability analysis of host rock samples. As a result, it was possible to determine the hydrogeological behavior of the cave. In addition, by mapping and modeling the surface parameters it was possible to identify the main features restricting hydrological behavior and hence direct and lateral infiltration into the cave. These surface parameters included the shape of the drainage network and a geomorphological and structural characterization via digital terrain models. Geological and geomorphological maps and models integrated into the GIS environment defined the areas involved in gas exchange and ventilation processes. Likewise, areas that could potentially transmit vibrations directly into the cave were identified. This study shows that it is possible to define a Protected Area by quantifying the area of influence related to each transfer process. The combined maximum area of influence of all the processes will result in the new Protected Area. This area will thus encompass all the processes that account for most of the matter and energy carried into the cave and will fulfill the criteria used to define the Protected Area. This methodology is based on the spatial quantification of processes and entities of geological origin and can therefore be applied to any shallow karst system that requires protection.

Os Sistemas de Informação Geográfica como ferramenta de apoio à decisão em Protecção Civil

Dissertação apresentada à Escola Superior Agrária do Instituto Politécnico de Castelo Branco para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Sistemas de Informação Geográfica - Recursos Agro-Florestais e Ambientais.

Avaliação da aptidão dos solos a sul do concelho do Fundão com vista à sua beneficiação pelo regadio, com o uso de ferramentas SIG

Dissertação apresentada à Escola Superior Agrária do Instituto Politécnico de Castelo Branco para cumprimentos dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Sistemas de Informação Geográfica em Recursos Agro-Florestais e Ambientais.

Salema, Sarpa salsa (Linnaeus 1758) : stock structure in the eastern atlantic and biological characterizatin off the portuguese coast

Tese de doutoramento, Biologia (Biologia Marinha e Aquacultura), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, 2016

Spatially explicit estimates of length and biomass of Micromesistius poutassou (Blue Whiting) from acoustic and trawl surveys in the North-East Atlantic in May 2012

Acoustic estimates of herring and blue whiting abundance were obtained during the surveys using the Simrad ER60 scientific echosounder. The allocation of NASC-values to herring, blue whiting and other acoustic targets were based on the composition of the trawl catches and the appearance of echo recordings. To estimate the abundance, the allocated NASC -values were averaged for ICES-squares (0.5° latitude by 1° longitude). For each statistical square, the unit area density of fish (rA) in number per square nautical mile (N*nm-2) was calculated using standard equations (Foote et al., 1987; Toresen et al., 1998). To estimate the total abundance of fish, the unit area abundance for each statistical square was multiplied by the number of square nautical miles in each statistical square and then summed for all the statistical squares within defined subareas and over the total area. Biomass estimation was calculated by multiplying abundance in numbers by the average weight of the fish in each statistical square then summing all squares within defined subareas and over the total area. The Norwegian BEAM soft-ware (Totland and Godø 2001) was used to make estimates of total biomass.

Land management systems : status of BLM's actions to improve information technology management : report to the Subcommittee on Interior and Related Agencies, Committee on Appropriations, House of Representatives /

"B-284472"--P. 3.

Analysis of the performance of the aviation weather system /

v. 1. Summary, conclusions, recommendations -- v. 2. Distribution of weather information, age analysis of weather information, observation process and instruments, communication systems, credibility of weather information.

Affirmative action information : state of Illinois ... annual averages.

Description based on: 1986 (May 1987); title from cover.