O programa Saúde da Família pelo olhar do Cirurgião-Dentista

This study tried to know the social representation of dentists surgeons about the Family Health Program (FHP). Where used as methodological instruments a semi-structured interview and direct observation of work process in tive towns that are part of the metropolis region ofNatal city. During the interview some aspects where broached, such as the reasons of dentists surgeons join the FHP, what are the implications ofthe introduction of this program in the everyday practice, what kind of activities are they practicing and what are those professional missing the most in the FHP. In the direct observation where take in account some aspects related to the physic structure of health units, its service organization and demand, relationship amongst dentist and other member of the team, and about patient receptiveness, when they arrives at health unit. This study also identifY the researches subject showing their age, sex, for how they are graduates, what are them specialty and for how long they work for the FHP. The data had been analyzed through the analysis of content of Bardin5. The dentists depict the FHP for the change in assistance model through the preventive proposal of social work that makes possible to work with an ample concept of health. However what makes the FHP more attractive to dentists is the salary questiono The creation of bonds whit the community and the work whit groups and in team had been the main occurred changes in the daily one of the pratices ones of these professionals. The principal activities executed for these professionals inside of the new strategy of assistance in oral health are the carried trough preventive activities achieved in health units and social area. To them, the absence of institutional support and the employment of only one dentist for each team it is one the main point of strangling. There is no doubt that FHP is new strategy and that it is need a better integration amongst the professional, the institution

Avaliação longitudinal do impacto da saúde bucal na estratégia saúde da família em Natal

As a result of the financial incentive provided by the GM / MS 1.444, since 2000, Brazil has experienced a substantial increase in the number of oral health services at the Family Health Strategy. There is, however, evidence that these teams have produced qualitatively different experiences which do not translate necessarily into improved quality of life and health. Thus, evaluative research of great importance. This study aims to assess the impact of the Family Health Strategy in oral health in a longitudinal perspective natalense the years 2006 and 2009. This is an intervention study whose design is a community trial in parallel, nearly randomized. The sample consisted of census tracts covered by oral health teams in the Family Health and the Traditional Model (Basic Health Units and non-FHS Program of Community Health Agents and areas not covered.) The sample was determined by drawing ten census tracts to form the experimental group and ten other sectors for the control group by pairing intentional based on socio-economic and geographic. To check the net effect of the intervention was performed multivariate analysis by Poisson regression. As a result of cross-sectional analysis of year 2009, it was found that the effects of the ESF in Natal were satisfactory only for the variables of injuries and for other purposes without and with negative impact on stock coverage reclaimers. However, the longitudinal analysis revealed that the ESB / ESF improved their performance in dealing with grievances, access and coverage of the type of actions and this fact is independent of age, sex and social and economic conditions. In other employees' words are related to the presence of the Family Health Strategy in the region. However it does not say that both models under study (the Family Health Strategy Model and Traditional) are different in terms of performance and it is pertinent to reflect on the need for further development of evaluation studies that use other approaches able to clarify the dynamics of the process whose results can come to the knowledge of the actors responsible for leading the ESF and encourage them to incorporate the assessment in their routine

Saúde mental na estratégia saúde da família: notas cartográficas sobre processos de trabalho em saúde

This study aims to map the working process in the health area starting from the meeting between the family and health teams and mental trouble carriers./MTC. The area of research was the Family Health Unit of Ozeas Sampaio, which is located in the county of Teresina-PI. As regard to the methodology procedure, we used a semi-structured interview timetable, aimed to detail the care practices, admittance and diagnostics that those teams realize with their users. Three teams of eleven workers each were interviewed. There was a doctor, a nurse and two health community agents in each team. The other tools we used were a camp logbook, in which we wrote down some informal dialogs, daily observations and feelings of the unit, and also the accompaniment of the staffs in house calls as well as the weekly meetings in the unit. Those meetings allowed us the construction of two analytic axes: 1) description of the establishment (Family Health Unit) of the organization, (municipal foundation of health and the service network), and the institutions and practice of health. 2) Analysis of the meetings between the worker and the user of Mental Trouble Carriers. In the first axis, we verified the repetition of the working logic focused on jobs in the hospital with the maintenance of the hierarchical relations between worker and the work processes which dissociate management and watchfulness in health care. We identified the lack of physical structure, the lack of self-confidence of the worker in the attention of the mental health care. At the second axis, we assess that the meetings, at the Family Health Unit (FHU) or at the dwelling of the users cause nuisance, discomfort and anxiety to the workers because they deal with issues that go beyond what is named as being the health order such as life stories, family conflicts, unemployment, hunger, sexual and psychological violence. As a matter of fact, they involve difficulties for having new relationships, reception and responsibility for this request

Atenção precoce do câncer de mama :um olhar sobre o cotidiano institucional de uma unidade de saúde de Natal

Breast cancer has been considered a grave global public health problem due to its increase in incidence, in women s mortality and in the amount of financial resources spent on the therapeutic interventions used in the treatment of this neoplasia. However, this scenario presents some variations. In developing countries, the incidence of breast cancer is increasing but, on the other hand, the mortality is declining among patients because of public health actions toward early diagnostic that also result in cure of patients and decreasing levels of physical and psychosocial stress. In Brazil, we face of both the increasing number of breast cancer incidence and number of mortalities. Almost always the reason for that is a delayed detection that will provide a late diagnostic. The early detection of breast cancer has been studied in several researches. Some of them are concerned with women s experiences. Despite that, there is a lack of researches on dynamic comprehension of early attention to breast cancer from the health professionals points of view. The present research was carried out at the Unidade Mista de Felipe Camarão (UMFC) and it was conducted with 11 professionals who work in the Family Health Program (PSF). The aim was to understand how early diagnostic and attention to breast cancer is being planned, discussed and accomplished by health professionals in their day-to-day actions. Semi-structure interviews were held individually with each professional, in a way that they could feel free to express their ideas about several issues. All the information from these interviews was analyzed and discussed using an Institutional Ethnographic approach. It was observed that the actions of health professionals working with early detection of breast cancer does not take place in a vacuum; they occur within institutional, relational and social ways. This interdependence influences their actions and points of view on the theme

Superando a aridez do semi-árido: encontros entre saúde mental e saúde da família na formação de médicos no alto sertão paraibano

A atenção primária à saúde é um importante cenário para o cuidado em saúde mental por suas características e pelo trabalho no território contribuir para a superação do modelo manicomial de atenção. Esta pesquisa partiu do questionamento sobre como acontece a atenção em saúde mental na atenção básica nas unidades em que se desenvolve a Residência de Medicina de Família e Comunidade em um município do sertão paraibano. Objetivou investigar as demandas de saúde mental e práticas de cuidado no contexto de ESF e da RMFC do município de Cajazeiras a partir do discurso dos profissionais ali inseridos e discutir estratégias de qualificação do cuidado em saúde mental nessa realidade. Utilizou-se abordagem qualitativa em que foram realizados grupos focais envolvendo profissionais de duas equipes da ESF e uma equipe de NASF. Os dados produzidos nos grupos foram analisados a partir do referencial da análise do discurso de inspiração foucaultiana. Como resultados evidenciou-se que os profissionais percebem a demanda em saúde mental na atenção básica principalmente na forma de sofrimento psíquico inespecífico e transtornos mentais graves. A atenção a essas pessoas não consegue superar a medicalização que é identificada por esses profissionais. A prática asilar persiste como alternativa para os casos de transtornos mentais graves, sendo limitada a incorporação do paradigma da desinstitucionalização como referencial para a prática profissional. Além disso, a relação com a rede de saúde encontra vários limites destacando-se a dificuldade de produção de continuidade e integralidade do cuidado. A partir disto, analisa-se a formação médica e sua capacidade de garantir o cuidado integral na atenção às demandas de saúde mental. No campo da pesquisa, dois modelos de formação se encontram. Os residentes participantes ou graduaram-se em Cuba ou em escola médica brasileira orientada pelas Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais. Percebe-se então que a graduação, ao incorporar questões relativas à integralidade do cuidado, não é suficiente para gerar bons profissionais para o SUS. Considera-se necessário somar às mudanças na graduação a perspectiva da Educação Permanente em Saúde no mundo do trabalho, o envolvimento dos profissionais com a transformação das práticas de atenção à saúde e a construção da perspectiva da integralidade e da atenção psicossocial por dentro da Residência de Medicina de Família e Comunidade como importantes estratégias para a formação de médicos generalistas aptos para a atenção às demandas de saúde mental

O programa de saúde da família e os princípios básicos do Sistema Único de Saúde na realidade de Santana do Matos RN

This work shows the professional staff of the Family Health Program (PSF) in Santana do Matos City perceive the Unified Health System (SUS). Their discourse and recognition of the advances of SUS, as well as their participation on the implementation of the system, are analyzed. The Brazilian Ministry of Health instituted it in 1994 in order to rebuild the health politics on a new basis, substituting the traditional model. The city-centered implementation of SUS was instituted on May 27, 1992 by the act nº 631/92 and today it experiences a Full Management of Basic Attention. In July 2001 the PSF program was started in the city with 5 teams: 2 in the urban zone and 3 in the rural one. The methodology was developed with the combination of qualitative and quantitative research with the employment of a questionnaire with both open and closed inquiries to 31 members of the program. The study appointed that, no matter how positive and enlarged be the staff s concept of health and SUS, they dont s have on understanding of the total chain of the system on its integrality, hierarchy and regionality what hinders the system performance close to the users. The PSF incorporates and reaffirms the basic principles of the SUS; however, on its everyday employment it has not yet abandoned totally the curative model, which is reinforced by the hospital-centered and physiscian-centerend culture

Família e subjetividade: tendências e particularidades das classes trabalhadoras no capitalismo contemporâneo

This work problematizes the inflections of the offensive of the capital on the work, having as a social-historical context the relation between the productive restructuring and the social reproduction of the working families classes. Part of the presupposition that the reproduction of the capital, to raise deep transformations in the productions, organization of the work and in the social relationships, it also produces determinations in the life and work conditions, in the affectionate relationships and in the family coexistence expressing, so, a subjective way. Thereby, the conditions of reproductions of the work in the scenery aimed by the contemporary capitalism have been demonstrating the crescent impoverishment of the workers, the alimentary insecurity, the shortage of the work, the weakness of the political organization and the regression of the State in the conduction of public policy that characterize the daily violation of human and social rights. In this approach, we seek to contemplate the several configurations of affectionate-sexual coexistence expressed by the family, articulating it to the contemporary work division, pondering about the forms of satisfaction of the needs engendered by the group for preservation of their bonds, in face to the daily adversity which translates to the growing responsibility to assist social d mands and in the impediments to the enrichment of the individuality and human diversity.

Festa na escola e a autopoiese do lazer

This study shows the problem of school party and its relations with the perspective of leisure autopoiesis in the lives of students living in student housing. It has aimed to describe and interpret the most meaningful leisure experiences in daily life of a student housing and the ludopoietic processes for the humanescent self-education. From the theoretical assumptions supporting the development of this research have highlighted: Education by Freire (1996); Embodiment by Pierrakos (1990); Leisure by Dumazedier (1999); Party by Duvignaud (1983), Playful by Schiller (2002), Working by Freinet (1998), Autopoiesis by Maturana and Varela (2001), belonging to each day by Certeau (1994). A qualitative study adopts the principles of existential action research, in an ethnofenomenological perspective. As a methodology, we use the metaphor of sowing covering the planting, flowering, harvest and new planting. The scenario was to sow the Escola Agrícola de Jundiaí - RN. Twenty-five students residing in the school participated in research from 2007 to 2008, which involved more actively in the development of an extension project for the implementation of recreational and leisure experiences in that institution. The main instruments used for the construction of data collection were: participant observation, questionnaire, interview, game sand and photographs. The process of data analysis with the ethnofenomenological principles emphasized the following points: experientiality, indexicality, reflexivity, self-organizability, adoptability, archetypal and humanescenciality. New meanings of ludopoietic flowering of seed "party school" were revealed, and you can see the emergence of autopoietic leisure as a big green tree, able to sprout in soil properly fertilized to produce wonderful fruit of joie de vivre

Por uma pedagogia do oprimido midiático: meios de comunicação e suas intervenções na escola

En este trabajo nos ocupamos de la convergencia de la fotografía, el vídeo y la música, intermediado por una estación de radio en la escuela, instalada en la escuela Municipal de Djalma Maranhão, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, en una clase de 5º año de jóvenes y adultos en el año escolar 2007. Se analizan las intervenciones causados los que participan en la vida escolar, a partir de las actividades realizadas por ellos, en la producción de programas de radio. Los procedimientos metodológicos sobre la base de la etnometodologia (COULON, 1995a, 1995b), en la investigación cualitativa (BOGDAN, BIKLEN, 1999, DENZIN y LINCOLN, 2006), participante como observador (MAY, 2004) y la investigación-acción (THIOLLENT, 1992). La comprensión de Paulo Freire en la comunicación e la educación es nuestro principal referente teórico. Los experimentos citados en los medios de comunicación revelaron varias posibilidades de mejora en la enseñanza y el aprendizaje, como el aumento de la autoestima de los estudiantes, social y de inclusión educativa de personas con discapacidad, disminución de la timidez y facilitar la comunicación entre los sujetos, lo que permite el diálogo entre ellos, intervino en sus relaciones sociales, más allá de los límites de la escuela. La investigación confirma, entonces, que la comunicación y la educación son parte de la misma naturaleza

A trajetória da família do portador de sofrimento psíquico

Este artigo é uma reflexão teórica acerca de como os familiares estiveram incluídos na assistência ao portador de sofrimento psíquico. Iniciamos a partir da constituição da psiquiatria enquanto ciência médica e buscamos chegar até os nossos dias. Percebemos que a família foi excluída do cuidado ao doente mental e que só veio receber a atenção e ser investigada a partir da Segunda Guerra Mundial quando começou o processo de desospitalização. No Brasil as estratégias visando auxiliar a família no enfrentamento do sofrimento psíquico ainda se encontram incipientes.

Saúde mental no Programa de Saúde da Família: conceitos dos agentes comunitários sobre o transtorno mental

Este estudo objetivou identificar as representações sociais de agentes comunitários de uma unidade de Programa Saúde da Família sobre o transtorno mental. Optamos pela pesquisa qualitativa, utilizando o estudo de caso. Para a coleta de dados, recorremos à entrevista semi-estruturada, enriquecida pelo uso de Técnica Projetiva, e à análise temática para analisar o material obtido. Os resultados evidenciam representações sociais ancoradas no paradigma psiquiátrico tradicional. Esse considera a pessoa acometida pelo transtorno mental passiva, sem condições de protagonizar os próprios caminhos que, por sua vez, são marcados pelo preconceito. Desse modo, denota-se a grande necessidade de investimento na capacitação em saúde mental, junto aos atores do cenário da assistência do Programa de Saúde da Família. de acordo com o estudo, tal investimento contribuirá para a efetivação de práticas e construção de novos saberes, contribuindo para a melhoria da assistência em saúde.

Aproveitamento de um fosfato natural parcialmente solubilizado pelas culturas do arroz, milho e soja: I. Resultados preliminares

Em solos pouco ácidos, pobres em P disponível, dois dos quais anteriormente com vegetação de cerrado, foram conduzidos ensaios destinados a comparar a eficiência de um fosfato natural parcialmente acidulado com ácido sulfúrico (FAPS) com a do super simples (SS) e a do fosfato de Araxá original. Usaram-se as culturas de arroz de sequeiro, milho e soja. Verificou-se que: (1) o FAPS deu produções que não diferiram estatísticamente das obtidas com o SS sendo maiores que as conseguidas com o FA; (2) os resultados das análises de solos e da diagnose foliar indicam que o FAPS funcionou como fonte de P, Ca e S.

Transtorno mental: dificuldades enfrentadas pela família

Utilizando uma metodologia qualitativa (entrevistas abertas, desenho-estória e análise temática) identificamos e analisamos 4 categorias (descompasso temporal, culpa, conflitos e perdas) presentes no discurso de mães (e uma irmã) de pacientes psiquiátricos do Núcleo de Atenção Psicossocial (NAPS) de Ribeirão Preto/SP, e avaliamos sua importância conforme o objetivo de se entender a dinâmica da relação entre serviço de saúde mental, paciente psiquiátrico e sua família.

Influência das culturas láticas no índice de proteólise do queijo minas frescal

Estudou-se, a influência de culturas láticas no índice de proteólise do queijo Minas Frescal, processado com leite não pasteurizado e pasteurizado. O emprego de culturas láticas na elaboração de queijo Minas Frescal pode ser indicado, uma vez que o índice de proteólise só se correlacionou com o tempo de conservação.

Situação do aleitamento materno em população assistida pelo programa de saúde da família-PSF

Este estudo objetivou identificar a prevalência dos diferentes tipos de aleitamento e sua relação com variáveis maternas no município de Conchas-SP, totalmente coberto pelo PSF. Foram obtidas informações sobre a alimentação atual das crianças menores de um ano que compareceram à primeira etapa da Campanha de Multivacinação de 2003. As associações foram submetidas ao teste do qui-quadrado, adotando-se 5% como nível de significância estatística. As prevalências do Aleitamento Materno Exclusivo (AME) e do Aleitamento Materno Predominante (AMP), em menores de 4 meses de vida, foram 25,4 e 44,4%, respectivamente, e 66,7% do total de crianças menores de um ano ainda eram amamentadas. A prevalência do AME em menores de 6 meses foi heterogênea, variando de 7,4 a 41,2%, conforme a equipe do PSF de procedência das crianças. Ter passado por dificuldades no início do aleitamento associou-se a menores prevalências de AME e Aleitamento Materno (AM). Esses resultados evidenciam situação distante da recomendada pela Organização Mundial de Saúde e aquela para a qual há evidências de máximo efeito protetor à saúde infantil, reafirmam a necessidade de apoio às mães no período puerperal precoce e demonstram a importância de diagnósticos desagregados por regiões para o planejamento de ações de promoção ao AM.