Oil Retention and Pressure Drop in Horizontal and Vertical Suction Lines with R410A / POE ISO 32

In refrigeration systems a small amount of compressor lubricant is entrained in the refrigerant and circulated through the system, where some is retained in each component. The suction line to the compressor has the largest potential for oil retention. This paper presents results from an experimental apparatus that has been constructed to circulate POE (polyolester) oil and R410A at a controlled mass flux, OCR (oil in circulation ratio), and apparent superheat, and to directly measure the pressure drop and mass of oil retained in horizontal and vertical suction lines. The bulk vapor velocity and overall void fraction are determined from direct mass and temperature measurements. The oil retention, pressure drop, and flow regimes near the minimum ASHRAE recommended mass flux condition are explored. It was found that oil retention begins to increase sharply even above the minimum recommended flux, so conditions near the minimum should be avoided. Two relationships were developed to predict the oil retention in the vertical and horizontal suction lines. The average error from the predictions method was 10.9% for the vertical tube, and 7.9% for the horizontal tube.

Expe��rience pre��caire du monde et repre��sentation de la poe��sie dans La fissure de la fiction et De��sa��me�� de Patrice Desbiens

Diverses ��uvres de poe��sie moderne et contemporaine mettent en sce��ne le rapport a�� l���e��criture d���un sujet lyrique. Une telle proble��matique trouve une incarnation particulie��rement inte��ressante dans l�����uvre de Patrice Desbiens, notamment dans certains de ses textes des anne��es 1990 et 2000, ou�� elle apparai��t avec plus d���acuite��. Pourtant, sa pratique auto-re��flexive a fait l���objet de tre��s peu de recherches. Afin d���e��clairer le rapport qu���entretient Patrice Desbiens avec l���e��criture et avec la poe��sie, ce me��moire s���inte��resse a�� deux de ses textes, soit La fissure de la fiction (1997) et De��sa��me��, (2005) en accordant davantage d���espace au premier, que je conside��re comme un texte-charnie��re dans la production poe��tique de Desbiens. Dans un premier temps, mon travail pre��sente ainsi la pre��carite�� qui caracte��rise le protagoniste de La fissure de la fiction et, sous un autre angle, le sujet lyrique de De��sa��me��. Dans cette optique, la figure du poe��te est e��tudie��e dans La fissure de la fiction a�� la lumie��re de la reprise ironique du mythe de la male��diction litte��raire et du sens que la re��actualisation de ce mythe confe��re au personnage dans ce re��cit poe��tique. Dans un second temps, ce me��moire s���attache a�� montrer que la cohe��rence et la vraisemblance des univers mis en sce��ne dans La fissure de la fiction et De��sa��me�� sont mine��es. C���est a�� l���aune de ces analyses que peut ensuite e��tre envisage�� le ro��le d���une poe��sie qui, en dernie��re instance, comporte malgre�� tout un caracte��re consolateur, en de��pit ou en raison de l���esthe��tique du grotesque, tanto��t comique, tanto��t tragique, dans laquelle elle s���inscrit et que nous ta��cherons de mettre en lumie��re.

Los amigos Agust��n Gonz��lez, Edgar Rojas, Carlos ��lvarez, Leonel Luna y Carlos Bejarano, nos muestran ek fruto de su cacer��a

Los amigos Agust��n Gonz��lez, Edgar Rojas, Carlos ��lvarez, Leonel Luna y Carlos Bejarano, nos muestran ek fruto de su cacer��a. Zarzal, 1950.

Lo que los trabajadores quieren vs. lo que las empresas necesitan. Implementaci��n de las anclas de carrera de Edgar Schein en un contact centre

El compromiso laboral entre los trabajadores y las organizaciones es uno de los activos con mayor poder explicativo para consolidar un alto desempe��o e incrementar la productividad. Para lograr eso es fundamental conocer cu��les son las vocaciones de los trabajadores actuales y futuros y de qu�� manera estas motivaciones de carrera encuentran articulaci��n con la misi��n y la visi��n de la compa����a. El problema es que las empresas fallan sistem��ticamente en este proceso. El modelo de anclas de carrera (ac) de Edgar Schein es una metodolog��a que permite conocer cu��les son las motivaciones de carrera de los individuos. Este documento tiene como prop��sito establecer un v��nculo entre las ac y los procesos de selecci��n, vinculaci��n, y retenci��n del capital humano en un contact centre que se desempe��a en Bogot��, Colombia. Para alcanzar este prop��sito, se implement�� el modelo de ac en una muestra de 116 trabajadores del ��rea de gesti��n de esta compa����a. El informe presenta el an��lisis de resultados y las propuestas sugeridas por los autores a la gerencia de la compa����a.

Media G��tico: O Crime e seu Duplo Ficcional na Literatura, TV e Cinema

Crime possesses a dual nature deriving from its portrayal in the media leading to duplicity in the act of witnessing crime which by showing reality inevitably transforms it into a different kind of reality. The direct relationship with the Gothic genre is very naturally justified by real crime seeming to replicate fictional crime and vice versa, thus originating various forms of the lack of distinction between reality itself and fictional reality, or between truth and falsehood, which many writers and artists associated with Gothic aesthetics have always relied on, and numerous examples of this can be found in the works of Edgar Poe, Patricia Highsmith, Chuck Palahniuk and many others. While real crime may take the Gothic novel as its prototype, it turns out that nowadays television has taken on this role. Examples of this phenomenon are the recent symptoms of obsessive dependence on TV series such as C.S.I., Criminal Minds, The X Files, The Following and Dexter, showing a tendency for television series to replace Gothic novels, thus revealing a perverse attraction for witnessing violence through the same means that transmit the daily news featuring violent events in different scenarios of war all over the world.

Fundamentos te��ricos del Pensamiento complejo de Edgar Morin

In face of what he considered as the crisis of the Western paradigm of simplification and disjunction, based on the reduction and separation of knowledge, Edgar Morin posited the emergence of a new paradigm of complexity that would attempt to articulate and contextualize scientific, humanistic, and artistic cultures. To accomplish such purpose, Morin argued for an integration of ideas, concepts and notions drawing on different theoretical sources. Approaching complexity has required a dialectic and creative resignification of the legacy of such theories through a new synthesis that both integrates and surpasses them qualitatively.

Consideraciones b��sicas del pensamiento complejo de Edgar Morin, en la educaci��n

This essay consists of a brief description and analysis of Edgar Morin��s complex thinking. For that reason, it focuses on the systematic approach that refers to the interconnection and interactions of objects, people, and environment as a whole, which serve as the basis of the educational proposal, where knowledge must be regarded as an integrated fashion and not as something fragmented. Thus, human knowledge should raise awareness that we are just a component of a more general system (complex and in constant interaction), where education can be an effective source for students to develop the capacity of understanding other complex systems, besides living organisms, where also there is a big influence from ���new sciences��� and humanities. Therefore, the purpose of this work is to develop those ideas proposed by Edgar Morin.

Is Thyroid Stunning Clinically Relevant? A Retrospective Analysis Of 208 Patients.

Current guidelines have advised against the performance of (131)I-iodide diagnostic whole body scintigraphy (dxWBS) to minimize the occurrence of stunning, and to guarantee the efficiency of radioiodine therapy (RIT). The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of stunning on the efficacy of RIT and disease outcome. This retrospective analysis included 208 patients with differentiated thyroid cancer managed according to a same protocol and followed up for 12-159 months (mean 30 �� 69 months). Patients received RIT in doses ranging from 3,700 to 11,100 MBq (100 mCi to 300 mCi). Post-RIT-whole body scintigraphy images were performed 10 days after RIT in all patients. In addition, images were also performed 24-48 hours after therapy in 22 patients. Outcome was classified as no evidence of disease (NED), stable disease (SD) and progressive disease (PD). Thyroid stunning occurred in 40 patients (19.2%), including 26 patients with NED and 14 patients with SD. A multivariate analysis showed no association between disease outcome and the occurrence of stunning (p = 0.3476). The efficacy of RIT and disease outcome do not seem to be related to thyroid stunning.

Evaluation Of Soft-tissue Lesions With (18)f-fdg Pet/ct: Initial Results Of A Prospective Trial.

Although MRI is utilized for planning the resection of soft-tissue tumors, it is not always capable of differentiating benign from malignant lesions. The risk of local recurrence of soft-tissue sarcomas is increased when biopsies are performed before resection and by inadequate resections. PET associated with computed tomography using fluorodeoxyglucose labeled with fluorine-18 ((18)F-FDG PET/CT) may help differentiate between benign and malignant tumors, thus avoiding inadequate resections and making prior biopsies unnecessary. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of (18)F-FDG PET/CT in differentiating benign from malignant solid soft-tissue lesions. Patients with solid lesions of the limbs or abdominal wall detected by MRI were submitted to (18)F-FDG PET/CT. The maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) cutoff was determined to differentiate malignant from benign tumors. Regardless of the (18)F-FDG PET/CT results all patients underwent biopsy and surgery. MRI was performed in 54 patients, and 10 patients were excluded because of purely lipomatose or cystic lesions. (18)F-FDG PET/CT was performed in the remaining 44 patients. Histopathology revealed 26 (59%) benign and 18 (41%) malignant soft-tissue lesions. A significant difference in SUVmax was observed between benign and malignant soft-tissue lesions. The SUVmax cutoff of 3.0 differentiated malignant from benign lesions with 100% sensitivity, 83.3% specificity, 89.6% accuracy, 78.3% positive predictive value, and 100% negative predictive value. (18)F-FDG PET/CT seems to be able to differentiate benign from malignant soft-tissue lesions with good accuracy and very high negative predictive value. Incorporating (18)F-FDG PET/CT into the diagnostic algorithm of these patients may prevent inadequate resections and unnecessary biopsies.

Activation Of The Low Molecular Weight Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase In Keratinocytes Exposed To Hyperosmotic Stress.

Herein, we provide new contribution to the mechanisms involved in keratinocytes response to hyperosmotic shock showing, for the first time, the participation of Low Molecular Weight Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase (LMWPTP) activity in this event. We reported that sorbitol-induced osmotic stress mediates alterations in the phosphorylation of pivotal cytoskeletal proteins, particularly Src and cofilin. Furthermore, an increase in the expression of the phosphorylated form of LMWPTP, which was followed by an augment in its catalytic activity, was observed. Of particular importance, these responses occurred in an intracellular milieu characterized by elevated levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and increased expression of the antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase. Altogether, our results suggest that hyperosmostic stress provides a favorable cellular environment to the activation of LMWPTP, which is associated with increased expression of antioxidant enzymes, high levels of GSH and inhibition of Src kinase. Finally, the real contribution of LMWPTP in the hyperosmotic stress response of keratinocytes was demonstrated through analysis of the effects of ACP1 gene knockdown in stressed and non-stressed cells. LMWPTP knockdown attenuates the effects of sorbitol induced-stress in HaCaT cells, mainly in the status of Src kinase, Rac and STAT5 phosphorylation and activity. These results describe for the first time the participation of LMWPTP in the dynamics of cytoskeleton rearrangement during exposure of human keratinocytes to hyperosmotic shock, which may contribute to cell death.

Brain SPECT imaging in Huntington's disease before and after therapy with olanzapine: case report

Olanzapine, an atypical antipsychotic drug, was administered to a patient with Huntington's disease (HD) with marked choreiform movements. Brain SPECT with 99mTc-HMPAO was performed before and after treatment. Brain SPECT imaging has been performed in patients with HD in order to determine the status of basal ganglia perfusion. The use of brain SPECT with 99mTc-HMPAO before and after treatment in patients with HD has not been yet reported. The marked hypoperfusion of the basal ganglia on brain SPECT performed before therapy with olanzapine improved significantly after treatment.

Compara����o das avalia����es neuropsicol��gicas em menina com doen��a cerebrovascular bilateral (moyamoya) antes e ap��s a interven����o cir��rgica

Moyamoya is a chronic progressive cerebrovascular disease with characteristic angiographic findings and a clinical picture with episodes of transient ischemic attacks, headache, seizures, hemiparesis, which may resolve after surgical treatment. We describe the case of a girl with the typical findings of the disease, comparing them before and after surgery with the use of neuropsychological tests, neurological examination and laboratory tests.

Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva: case report

Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva is a rare genetic disease characterized by widespread soft tissue ossification and congenital stigmata of the extremities. We report on a male child followed for ten years since the age of 3 years and 9 months, when the diagnosis was made. He was born with bilateral hypoplasic hallux valgus and ventricular septal defect, corrected by transsternal approach when 32 months old. Restriction of neck mobility followed and foci of ectopic ossification appeared. Four crises of disease exacerbation were treated with oral prednisone and/or other antiinflammatory drugs. Sodium etidronate 5 to 10 mg/kg/day was prescribed intermittently during about six years but was discontinued due to osteopenia. The disease course has been relentless, with severe movement restriction including the chest wall. A review showed few similar case reports in the Brazilian literature. We revisit the criteria for diagnosis and the essentials of management and treatment.