Rescatando del Leteo crítico a Juan Crisóstomo Lafinur

A menudo la diosa Crítica argentina se empecina en sumergir en el río del olvido a no pocas figuras literarias de nuestro país del siglo XIX. Se podrían ofrecer como excusas, en algunos casos, el despótico paso del tiempo (mientras más nos alejamos del presente más difícil es indagar sobre talo cual autor); en otros, la escasa información biográfica; o la condición paupérrima de ciertas ediciones; o el estado a veces inabarcable de hombresorquesta de estos individuos (son poetas, guerreros, filósofos, etc. y esto sin descuidar ninguno de sus oficios), y así seguiríamos enumerando hasta el hartazgo. Pero así como existe una tendencia a lograr una moderna historiografia argentina de la mano de estudiosos como Tulio Halperin Donghi, revisando los hechos a la luz de sus desencadenantes ideológicos, también se debería proponer un buceo histórico-literario para sacar a la luz varias perlas literarias, engarzadas en sus correspondientes ideologías. Este trabajo se propone ser la ayuda virgiliana que rescate del olvido a Juan Crisóstomo Lafinur, sobre todo su labor poética, ya que de la filosófica todos sabemos de su importante trascendencia. Para esta última sólo tenemos que recordar las palabras de Roberto F. Giusti: "La historia de la evolución mental argentina quedaría incompleta si en ella no hiciésemos un lugar a Lafinur".

La dictadura en el Hospital Alejandro Posadas

El Hospital Alejandro Posadas, de El Palomar, provincia de Buenos Aires, albergó una contradicción extrema dentro de su propio predio durante la última dictadura argentina (1976-1983): se curó en una parte de él y, en otra, se montó un centro clandestino de detención por el que pasaron trabajadores y vecinos del nosocomio para ser torturados y posteriormente, en su mayoría, desaparecidos. La represión que se ejerció sobre el Policlínico Posadas tuvo dos modalidades: una externa, con los militares interviniendo el centro médico, y una interna, con los propios integrantes de la guardia de seguridad gestionando el centro clandestino. Ambas represiones se ejecutaban frente al resto del personal, cuyo comportamiento se movía en una escala desde el temor al consenso

La dictadura en el Hospital Alejandro Posadas

El Hospital Alejandro Posadas, de El Palomar, provincia de Buenos Aires, albergó una contradicción extrema dentro de su propio predio durante la última dictadura argentina (1976-1983): se curó en una parte de él y, en otra, se montó un centro clandestino de detención por el que pasaron trabajadores y vecinos del nosocomio para ser torturados y posteriormente, en su mayoría, desaparecidos. La represión que se ejerció sobre el Policlínico Posadas tuvo dos modalidades: una externa, con los militares interviniendo el centro médico, y una interna, con los propios integrantes de la guardia de seguridad gestionando el centro clandestino. Ambas represiones se ejecutaban frente al resto del personal, cuyo comportamiento se movía en una escala desde el temor al consenso

La dictadura en el Hospital Alejandro Posadas

El Hospital Alejandro Posadas, de El Palomar, provincia de Buenos Aires, albergó una contradicción extrema dentro de su propio predio durante la última dictadura argentina (1976-1983): se curó en una parte de él y, en otra, se montó un centro clandestino de detención por el que pasaron trabajadores y vecinos del nosocomio para ser torturados y posteriormente, en su mayoría, desaparecidos. La represión que se ejerció sobre el Policlínico Posadas tuvo dos modalidades: una externa, con los militares interviniendo el centro médico, y una interna, con los propios integrantes de la guardia de seguridad gestionando el centro clandestino. Ambas represiones se ejecutaban frente al resto del personal, cuyo comportamiento se movía en una escala desde el temor al consenso

Time lapse sea-bed photos (benthos) with associated current meter data from ROBIO lander deployments during Discovery cruise D297

A baited imaging lander was deployed six times in the Nazare Canyon at depths from 909 to 4361 m during August 2005 to investigate the demersal scavenging fishes. Species observed and lander-derived abundance estimates were similar to previous data from the Porcupine Seabight and abyssal plain, north-east Atlantic Ocean.

Observations on the propagation of internal tidal waves on the continental slope off Sierra Leone

During R/V Meteor-cruise no. 30 4 moorings with 17 current meters were placed on the continental slope of Sierra Leone at depths between 81 and 1058 meters. The observation period started on March 8, 1973, 16.55 hours GMT and lasted 19 days for moorings M30_068MOOR, M30_069MOOR, M30_070MOOR on the slope and 9 days for M30_067MOOR on the shelf. One current meter recorded at location M30_067MOOR for 22 days. Hydrographic data were collected at 32 stations by means of the "Kieler Multi-Meeressonde". Harmonic analysis is applied to the first 15 days of the time series to determine the M2 and S2 tides. By vertically averaging of the Fourier coefficients the field of motion is separated into its barotropic and its baroclinic component. The expected error generated by white Gaussian noise is estimated. To estimate the influence of the particular vertical distribution of the current meters, the barotropic M2 tide is calculated by ommitting and interchanging time series of different moorings. It is shown that only the data of moorings M30_069MOOR, M30_070MOOR and M30_067MOOR can be used. The results for the barotropic M2 tide agree well with the previous publications of other authors. On the slope at a depth of 1000 m there is a free barotropic wave under the influence of the Coriolis-force propagating along the slope with an amplitude of 3.4 cm S**-1. On the shelf, the maximum current is substantially greater (5.8 cm s**-1) and the direction of propagation is perpendicular to the slope. As for the continental slope a separation into different baroclinic modes using vertical eigenmodes is not reasonable, an interpretation of the total baroclinic wave field is tried by means of the method of characteristis. Assuming the continental slope to generate several linear waves, which superpose, baroclinic tidal ellipses are calculated. The scattering of the direction of the major axes M30_069MOOR is in contrast to M30_070MOOR, where they are bundled within an angle of 60°. This is presumably caused by the different character of the bottom topography in the vicinity of the two moorings. A detailed discussion of M30_069MOOR is renounced since the accuracy of the bathymetric chart is not sufficient to prove any relation between waves and topography. The bundeling of the major axes at M30_070MOOR can be explained by the longslope changes of the slope, which cause an energy transfer from the longslope barotropic component to the downslope baroclinic component. The maximum amplitude is found at a depth of 245 m where it is expected from the characteristics originating at the shelf edge. Because of the dominating barotropic tide high coherence is found between most of the current meters. To show the influence of the baroclinic tidal waves, the effect of the mean current is considered. There are two periods nearly opposite longshore mean current. For 128 hours during each of these periods, starting on March 11, 05.00, and March 21, 08.30, the coherences and energy spectra are calculated. The changes in the slope of the characteristics are found in agreement with the changes of energy and coherence. Because of the short periods of nearly constant mean current, some of the calculated differences of energy and coherence are not statistically significant. For the M2 tide a calculation of the ratios of vertically integrated total baroclinic energy and vertically integrated barotropic kinetic energy is carried out. Taking into account both components (along and perpendicular to the slope) the obtained values are 0.75 and 0.98 at the slope and 0.38 at the shelf. If each component is considered separately, the ratios are 0.39 and 1.16 parallel to the slope and 5.1 and 15.85 for the component perpendicular to it. Taking the energy transfer from the longslope component to the doenslope component into account, a simple model yields an energy-ratio of 2.6. Considering the limited application of the theory to the real conditions, the obtained are in agreement with the values calculated by Sandstroem.

Geologic-hydrologic setting and surface sedimentology in the Persian Gulf

1. Morphology and sedimentation The deepest parts of the Persian Gulf lie off the Iranian coast. Several swells separate the Persian Gulf into the Western Basin, the Central Basin and the Strait of Hormuz, which leads without noticeable morphological interruption onto the Biaban Shelf; the latter gradually drops off towards the continental slope, which itself has a strongly subdivided morphology. The sediment distribution in the Western Basin runs parallel to the basin's axis to a depth of 50 -60 m. This is caused by the shallow and uniform slope of the Iranian coast into the Western Basin, by clear exposure of the area to the Shamal-Winds and by tidal currents parallel to the basin's axis. Most other parameters also show isolines parallel to the coast line. Data from the sediment analyses show a net transport which extends out along the Central Swell: coarse fraction > 63 µ, total carbonate content, carbonate in fine fractions < 2 µ, 2-6 µ and 20-63 µ, calcite-aragonite ratios in the fine fractions 2-6 µ and 20-63 µ and quartz-dolomite ratios in fine fraction 2-6 µ. At least the uppermost 10-40 m of this sediment is late Holocene. This implies sedimentation rates of several meters per 1000 years. The slope from the Iranian coast into the Central Basin (max. depth 100 m) is generally steeper, with interspersed islands and flats. Both facts tend to disturb a sediment dustribition parallel to the basin's axis over extensive areas and may preclude any such trend from being detected by the methods and sample net used. The spatial distribution of the coarse fraction, however, seems to indicate sediment transport at greater water depths perpendicular to the basin's long axis and along the steepest gradients well into the Central Basin. The flats of the Central Basin have a sediment cover distinctly different from those of the deeper basin areas. Characteristic parameters are the extremely high percentages of coarse grained sediments, total content of carbonate CO2 over 40, low total organic carbon content, (however values are high if calculated on the basis of the < 63 µ fraction), low total N-content, and low C/N ratios. These characteristics probably result from the absence of any terrigenous material being brought in as well as from exposure to wave action. Finest terrigenous material is deposited in the innermost protected part of the Hormuz Bay. In the deep channel cut into the Biaban Shelf which carries the Persian Gulf out-flow water to the Indian Ocean, no fine grained sediment is deposited as shown by grain size data. 2. Geographic settings and sedimentation Flat lands border the Arabian coast of the Persian Gulf except for the Oman region. The high and steep Zagros Mountains form the Iranian coastline. Flat topography in combination with generally low precipitation precludes fluviatile sediment being added from the South. Inorganic and biogenic carbonates accumulating under low sedimentation rates are dominant on the shallow Arabic Shelf and the slopes into the Western and Central Basins. The fluviatile sediment brought in from the Iranian side, however decisively determine the composition of the Holocene sediment cover in the Persian Gulf and on the Biaban Shelf. Holocene sediments extend 20-30 km seaward into the Western Basin and about 25 km on to the Biaban Shelf. As mentioned before, sedimentation rates are of several meters/1000 years. The rocks exposed in the hinterland influence the sediments. According to our data the Redbeds of the Zagros Mountains determine the colour of the very fine grained sediments near the Iranian Coast of the Persian Gulf. To the West of Hormuz, addition of carbonate minerals is particularly high. Dolomite and protodolomite, deposited only in this area, as well as palygorskite, have proven to be excellent trace minerals. To the East of Hormuz, the supply of terrigenous carbonates is considerably lower. Clay minerals appear to bring in inorganically bound nitrogen thus lowering the C/N ratio in these sediments especially off river mouths. 3. Climate and sedimentation The Persian Gulf is located in a climatically arid region. This directly affects sedimentation through increased wind action and the infrequent but heavy rainfalls which cause flash floods. Such flash floods could be responsible for transporting sedheats into the Central Basin in a direction perpendicular to the Gulf's axis. Eolian influx is difficult to asses from our data; however, it probably is of minor importance from the Iranian side and may add, at the most, a few centimeters of fine sediment per 1000 years. 4. Hydrology and sedimentation High water temperatures favor inorganic carbonate precipitation in southern margin of the Gulf, and probably on the flats, as well as biogenic carbonate production in general. High evaporation plus low water inflow through rivers and precipitation cause a circulation pattern that is typical for epicontinental seas within the arid climate region. Surface water flows in from the adjoining ocean, in this case the Indian Ocean and sinks to the bottom of the Persian Gulf mainly in the northern part of the Western Basin, on the "Mesopotamischer Flachschelf" ard probably in the area of the "Arabischer Flachschelf". This sinking water continually rejuvenates the bottom out-flow water. The inflowing surface water from the Indian Ocean brings organic matter into the Persian Gulf, additional nutrients are added by the "fresh" upwelling waters of the Gulf of Oman. Both nutrients and organic matter diminish very rapidly as the water moves into the Persian Gulf. This depletion of nutrients and organic matter is the reasonfor generally low organic carbon contents of the Persian Gulf sediments. The Central Swell represents a distinct boundary, to the west of which the organic carbon content are lower than to the east when sediment samples of similar grain size distribution are compared. The outflow carries well oxygenated water over the bottom of the Persian Gulf and the resulting oxidation further decreases the content of organic matter. In the Masandam-Channel and in the Biaban-Shelf channel, the outflowing water prevents deposition of fine material and transports sediment particles well beyond the shelf margin. The outflowing water remains at a depth of 200-300 m depending on its density and releases ist suspending sediment load to the ocean floor, irrespectative of the bottom morphology. This is reflected in several parameters in which the sediments from beneath the outflow differ from nearby sediments not affected by the outflowing water. High carbonate content of total samples and of the individual size fraction as well as high aragonite and dolomite contents of individual size fractions characterize the sediment beneath the outflowing water. The tidal currents, which avt more or less parallel to the Gulf's axis, favor mixing of the water masses, they rework sediments at velocities reported here. This fact enlarges to a certain degree the extent of our interfaces which are based on only a few sample points (Persian Gulf and Biaban Shelf one sample per 620 km**2, continental slope one sample per 1000 km**2). The water on the continental slope shows and oxygen minimum at 200-1200 m which favors preservation of organically-bound carbon in the sediment. The low pH-values may even permit dissolution of carbonate minerals.

Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1)

The Climatological Database for the World's Oceans: 1750-1854 (CLIWOC) project, which concluded in 2004, abstracted more than 280,000 daily weather observations from ships' logbooks from British, Dutch, French, and Spanish naval vessels engaged in imperial business in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. These data, now compiled into a database, provide valuable information for the reconstruction of oceanic wind field patterns for this key period that precedes the time in which anthropogenic influences on climate became evident. These reconstructions, in turn, provide evidence for such phenomena as the El Niño-Southern Oscillation and the North Atlantic Oscillation. Of equal importance is the finding that the CLIWOC database the first coordinated attempt to harness the scientific potential of this resource represents less than 10 percent of the volume of data currently known to reside in this important but hitherto neglected source.

Study of concrete cracking during accelerated corrosion tests in reinforced concrete

Cracking of reinforced concrete can occur in certain environments due to rebar corrosion. The oxide layer growing around the bars introduces a pressure which may be enough to lead to the fracture of concrete. To study such an effect, the results of accelerated corrosion tests and finite ele- ment simulations are combined in this work. In previous works, a numerical model for the expansive layer, called expansive joint element , was programmed by the authors to reproduce the effect of the oxide over the concrete. In that model, the expansion of the oxide layer in stress free conditions is simulated as an uniform expansion perpendicular to the steel surface. The cracking of concrete is simulated by means of finite elements with an embedded adaptable cohesive crack that follow the standard cohesive model. In the present work, further accelerated tests with imposed constant cur- rent have been carried out on the same type of specimens tested in previous works (with an embedded steel tube), while measuring, among other things, the main-crack mouth opening. Then, the tests have been numerically simulated using the expansive joint element and the tube as the corroding electrode (rather than a bar). As a result of the comparison of numerical and experimental results, both for the crack mouth opening and the crack pattern, new insight is gained into the behavior of the oxide layer. In particular, quantitative assessment of the oxide expansion relation is deduced from the ex- periments, and a narrower interval for the shear stiffness of the oxide layer is obtained, which could not be achieved using bars as the corroding element, because in that case the numerical results were insensitive to the shear stiffness of the oxide layer within many orders of magnitude

An application of the finite element method to curve fitting

An application of the Finite Element Method (FEM) to the solution of a geometric problem is shown. The problem is related to curve fitting i.e. pass a curve trough a set of given points even if they are irregularly spaced. Situations where cur ves with cusps can be encountered in the practice and therefore smooth interpolatting curves may be unsuitable. In this paper the possibilities of the FEM to deal with this type of problems are shown. A particular example of application to road planning is discussed. In this case the funcional to be minimized should express the unpleasent effects of the road traveller. Some comparative numerical examples are also given.

AFLORAMENTO RACIONAL DO MONOTEÍSMO TRINITÁRIO

O lema sola ratione, que preside a todo o pensamento de Santo Anselmo, gera vários momentos de audácia racional na sua obra, o primeiro dos quais emerge no Monologion onde, a par de uma procura racional acerca da existência e atributos de Deus, deparamos com uma abordagem da perspectiva trinitária sem recorrer à Revelação, tal como os monges lhe tinham solicitado. Esta é, portanto, a primeira audácia da sua obra, a preceder e como que a preparar a maior delas acerca da existência de Deus no Proslogion, Liber Apologeticus e, finalmente, Cur Deus Homo. Unam quidem et unitatem propter unam essentiam, trinam vero et trinitatem propter tres nescio quid (Mon., cap. 79): à luz desta expressão de inefabilidade não poderá deixar de ler-se o que a precede e o que se lhe segue, quer nesta primeira grande obra, quer naquelas em que o tema do mistério trinitário foi tratado ou discutido.

Effet des acides gras polyinsaturés EPA et DHA dans un modèle d’infarctus du myocarde

Plusieurs études montrent que les acides gras (AG) oméga-3 sont bénéfiques pour la santé cardiovasculaire. Une étude antérieure dans notre laboratoire a montré que l’administration des acides gras oméga-3 réduit la taille de l'infarctus du myocarde (IM). Cependant, la question demeure de savoir si les deux principaux acides gras oméga-3 à longue chaîne, l'acide eicosapentaénoïque (EPA) et l'acide docosahexaénoïque (DHA) possèdent la même efficacité à réduire la taille de l'infarctus. Le but de ce projet sera de déterminer l’efficacité relative de chacun de ces acides gras oméga-3 à protéger le cœur dans un modèle d’ischémie/reperfusion et d’étudier certaines voies de cardioprotection. Des rats mâles adultes Sprague-Dawley ont été nourris pendant 14 jours avec une diète comprenant l'un: 1- aucun AG oméga-3; 2- 5 g d'EPA / kg de nourriture; 3- 5 g de DHA / kg de nourriture; 4- 2,5 g de chaque oméga-3 AG / kg de nourriture; 5- 5 g chaque AG oméga-3 / kg de nourriture. Par la suite, les animaux ont été soumis à une ischémie pendant 40 minutes, causée par l'occlusion de l'artère coronaire gauche descendante. Au bout de 24 heures de reperfusion, la taille de l'infarctus est déterminée. Dans un sous-groupe d'animaux, l'activité d’Akt et des caspase-3 sont mesurées dans la région ischémique après 30 minutes de reperfusion. Finalement, à 15 minutes de reperfusion, l'ouverture du pore de transition de perméabilité mitochondriale mPTP est déterminée dans un autre sous-groupe. Les résultats indiquent que les diètes EPA ou DHA réduisent de manière significative la taille de l'infarctus par rapport à la diète sans AG oméga-3, tandis que la combinaison de deux acides gras oméga-3 n'a pas montré de diminution de la taille de l'infarctus. L'activité de la caspase-3 est réduite pour le groupe DHA puis, l'activité d'Akt est augmentée avec les diètes EPA et DHA seules. Finalement, en présence d’une diète enrichie uniquement de DHA, l'ouverture des mPTP est retardée comparativement aux autres diètes.

Les débats publics suscités par la création des Expos de Montréal

Les années 1960 au Québec sont marquées par un vigoureux courant nationaliste prônant l’affirmation politique et culturelle des francophones dans la province. Également, le phénomène de l’américanisation du territoire québécois s’accélère. C’est dans ce cadre historique particulier que naissent en 1968 les Expos de Montréal, équipe du circuit de baseball le plus important au monde, soit la Ligue du baseball majeur. La MLB s’installe alors dans un territoire où le baseball est centenaire. L’objectif de ce mémoire est d’étudier les débats et réactions suscités par l’avènement de Montréal dans le baseball majeur, en déterminant l’influence qu’y ont joué le nationalisme québécois des années 1960, l’américanisation du Québec et la longue histoire du baseball dans la province. Si les deux communautés linguistiques de celle-ci sont ici à l’étude, il n’en demeure pas moins que l’attention est davantage portée sur les francophones que les anglophones. En effet, ceux-ci ont semblé davantage interpelés par la création des Expos. D’ailleurs, parmi les deux groupes, les positions les plus documentées sont celles des chroniqueurs sportifs, qui se retrouvent donc au cœur de notre étude. Les opinions d’amateurs de baseball, de politiciens, d’hommes d’affaires ou de simples citoyens québécois sont également rapportées et analysées, mais dans une plus faible mesure.

L’idéalisme et le phénoménalisme leibnizien

La question de l’idéalisme leibnizien, qui permet d’entrer au cœur de la métaphysique de Leibniz, intéresse encore aujourd’hui de nombreux commentateurs. Ceux-ci utilisent les termes « réalisme », « idéalisme », voire « phénoménalisme », pour caractériser la métaphysique leibnizienne et un travail doit être fait pour rassembler et comparer leurs analyses, ce que nous proposons de faire d’abord dans ce mémoire. Ce sont surtout les textes mêmes de Leibniz qui seront abordés dans le présent travail et qui permettront de proposer la lecture suivante : si la métaphysique leibnizienne est réaliste en ce sens qu’elle met en place une entité elle-même « mind-independent », c'est-à-dire la monade, elle peut être considérée comme idéaliste (idéalisme substantiel), puisque cette entité, étant sans partie et sans étendue, est en ce sens idéelle. Et si tout peut se réduire à cette monade, c’est toute la fondation de la métaphysique de Leibniz qui se retrouve à être idéelle. Or, ceci ne règle pas le statut des corps qui peuvent être considérés soit comme de simples phénomènes réductibles aux perceptions des monades (idéalisme matériel), soit comme des êtres ayant une réalité indépendante d’un esprit, lesquels se réduiraient cette fois aux monades qui les composent (réalisme matériel). Face à ces deux possibilités, nous développerons une position mitoyenne qui défend l’idée que les corps sont en effet composés de monades qui leur procurent une certaine réalité, mais qu’ils dépendront toujours de l’action d’un esprit qui lui seul pourra leur procurer une certaine unité.

Logements insalubres en contexte pluriethnique : étude de cas et pistes d'intervention pour le quartier Norgate dans l'arrondissement Saint-Laurent à Montréal

Ce mémoire explore le rôle du logement dans l'expérience migratoire des nouveaux et nouvelles arrivantes à Montréal et l'impact de celui-ci sur les premières années d'installation, en fonction des caractéristiques socioculturelles des individus. Pour ce faire, une étude collaborative a été menée sur le cas spécifique du quartier de Norgate, situé en plein cœur de l'arrondissement Saint-Laurent. Norgate est un quartier où se produit un renouvellement constant de locataires d'origine immigrante en provenance des quatre coins du monde, et où subsistent d'importants problèmes de pauvreté. En se penchant sur ce milieu de vie et sur les conditions d'habitat de ses résident-e-s, nous avons constaté à quel point un nombre important de locataires vivaient dans des logements en mauvais état, et parfois même dans de graves conditions d'insalubrité. Nous avons cherché à comprendre comment un tel espace urbain pouvait en venir à être aussi dégradé et quels étaient les rôles et responsabilités des différents paliers étatiques face à une telle situation. À travers ce processus, nous avons exploré l'ensemble des possibilités d'action proposées par les différents acteurs (institutionnels, communautaires, résidentiels) ayant un potentiel pouvoir d'agir dans le quartier. Ce mémoire montre comment la problématique des logements dans l'espace urbain est liée à une multitude de facteurs interreliés et qui s'influencent mutuellement, d'où la nécessité d'une approche systémique dans l'analyse du champ de l'anthropologie urbaine. Il cherche également à montrer en quoi un mouvement urbain efficient nécessite un partenariat rigoureux entre les différents acteurs agissant sur le territoire, dans une logique de compréhension et de respect de la diversité des tactiques.