(C_8H_8)Sm(C_8H_8)Na(THF)_3的晶体结构

(C_8H_8)Sm(C_8H_8)Na(THF)_3的晶体属单斜晶系,P2_1空间群.晶胞参数为α=12.140(3),b=13.794(3),c=8.944(3)(?),β=111.68(3)°,V=1391.8(7)(?)~3,Z=2,μ=21.93cm~(-1),D_c=1.43g/cm~3,F(000)=610,Mr=598.0。结构经Patterson函数和Fourier技术解出并经最小二乘修正,最终的偏离因子R为0.046.配合物具有双层夹心结构.其中Sm~(3+)和Na~+通过η~8-环辛四烯基连接。

STRUCTURE OF THIAMINE BROMIDE SESQUIHYDRATE

3-[(4-Amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)-methyl]-5-hydroxyethyl-4-methylthiazolium bromide sesquihydrate, C12H17N4OS+.Br-.1.5H2O, M(r) = 372.28, monoclinic, P2(1)/a, a = 11.676 (2), b = 24.819(7), c = 12.344 (3) angstrom, beta = 113.74(2)-degrees, V= 3274 (1) angstrom3 , Z = 8, D(x) = 1.51 g cm-3 (Mo Kalpha) = 0.71069 angstrom, mu = 26.2 cm-1, F(000) = 1528, T 293 K, R = 0.062 for 2720 observed reflections. Both the independent thiamine molecules A and B in the asymmetric unit adopt the common F conformation. A bromide anion is held by four neighbouring thiamine molecules through C(2)-H...Br hydrogen bonds and Br ... thiazolium-ring electrostatic interactions. Another bromide anion (or a water molecule) bridges the pyrimidine and thiazolium moieties of molecule A (or B) through a hydrogen bond with the amino group and an electrostatic interaction with the thiazolium ring.

PrP_5O_(14)的晶体结构与铁弹畴

本文用X射线衍射方法研究了PrP_5O_(14)的晶体结构和铁弹相变。晶体空间群为P2_1/c,晶胞参数a=8.777(1)A,b=9.029(2)A,c=13.068(2)A,β=90.35°(1),z=4,最终R值为0.046。在130±5℃转变成正交晶系,空间群为P_(ncm),a=8.813(7)A,b=9.075(2)A,c=13.119(10)A。高温相变使晶体产生了铁弹性孪晶,室温下晶体属mmmF2/m类铁弹体。

聚醋酸乙烯酯/聚丙烯酸甲酯互穿网络聚合物的研究——1.聚合条件对体系相容性的影响

用分步法合成了聚醋酸乙烯酯/聚丙烯酸甲酯互穿网络聚合物(PVAc/PMA-IPN),PVAc和PMA的交联剂分别是丁二酸二烯丙酯(DAS),和二乙烯基苯(DVB)。当DAS用量较小时,VAc聚合时的接枝反应较明显,PVAc网络的交联密度高于化学当量的计算值。动态力学的实验结果表明,丙烯酸甲酯的聚合温度和聚合过程中的溶胶-凝胶转变对PVAc/PMA-IPN体系的相容性有很大影响。

SATELLITE REMOTE-SENSING PREDICTION OF JAPANESE PILCHARD FISHING GROUND IN THE HUANGHAI SEA AND THE EAST-CHINA-SEA

The thermophily, fishing season and central fishing ground of Japanese pilchard (Sardinops melanosticta) were studied by using satellite remote sensing (SRS) and other methods in Haizhou Bay and Tsushima waters during 1986-1990. A rapid prediction method of fishing ground is presented. Moreover, the results indicated that the thermophilic values of the fish stock are 11-20 degrees C and both fishing grounds are in increasing temperature process from the beginning to the end of the fishing period. The Japanese pilchards gather vigorously at the sea surface temperature of 15-17 degrees C. The water temperature is a key factor affecting the fishing season and the catch of the fishing ground. The increasing temperature process restricts the fishing season development and central fishing ground formation. The accuracy of 15 predictions made in the Haizhou Bay fishing ground is up to 91.3%, and 37 predictions made in the Tsushima, fishing ground shorten the fish detection time by 13.4% - 22% on the average.

Effect of stocking density on growth, settlement and survival of clam larvae, Meretrix meretrix

To determine the optimal larval density for hatchery culture of the clam Meretrix meretrix, experiments with stocking densities of 5, 10, 20, 40 and 60 larvae ml(-1) were designed, which included the developmental stages from D-veliger to 8 days postsettlement. Shell length, settlement time and survival rate of the larvae were recorded. Results showed that, at each sampling time, larvae reared at the highest density had the smallest mean size, whereas larvae reared at the lowest density had the largest mean size. Statistical differences in mean shell length at different stocking densities appeared from day 2, and greater differences occurred with increased culture time. Specific growth rate (SGR) in the rapid growing stage (day 0-3) was negatively correlated with density; however, no correlation was found between SGR and density in the slow growing stage (days 3-7). Settlement time was prolonged and shell length of settled larvae decreased as density increased. However, larval survival rate (74.8-79.1%) was independent of stocking density. Results showed that a high stocking density, in the designated range, is feasible for larval culture of the clam M. meretrix. However, for large-scale culture, in the interest of costs and safety, a stocking density of 10-20 larvae ml(-1) is recommended. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Effect of low-frequency Rossby wave on thermal structure of the upper southwestern tropical Indian Ocean

We investigate the influence of low-frequency Rossby waves on the thermal structure of the upper southwestern tropical Indian Ocean (SWTIO) using Argo profiles, satellite altimetric data, sea surface temperature, wind field data and the theory of linear vertical normal mode decomposition. Our results show that the SWTIO is generally dominated by the first baroclinic mode motion. As strong downwelling Rossby waves reach the SWTIO, the contribution of the second baroclinic mode motion in this region can be increased mainly because of the reduction in the vertical stratification of the upper layer above thermocline, and the enhancement in the vertical stratification of the lower layer under thermocline also contributes to it. The vertical displacement of each isothermal is enlarged and the thermal structure of the upper level is modulated, which is indicative of strong vertical mixing. However, the cold Rossby waves increase the vertical stratification of the upper level, restricting the variability related to the second baroclinic mode. On the other hand, during decaying phase of warm Rossby waves, Ekman upwelling and advection processes associated with the surface cyclonic wind circulation can restrain the downwelling processes, carrying the relatively colder water to the near-surface, which results in an out-of-phase phenomenon between sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) and sea surface height anomaly (SSHA) in the SWTIO.

有机污染对水环境生态效应及中国对虾内环境的影响

以人工配合饵料作为有机污染源，选定试验池、对照池各1个，分别放养5cm左右的中国对虾12尾；除了试验池的投饵量为对照池的2倍以及对照池每天吸底外，其他养殖条件均保持一致。目的在于研究有机污染对水环境生态效应和对中国对虾内环境的影响，进而探讨有机污染对虾病的诱发作用。结果表明，有机污染影响水环境，且改变中国对虾内环境，降低其免疫水平，使虾病易于发生。同时，温度在有机污染对水环境的影响中也具有重要的作用。

过量氮和磷引起的富营养化对海水无机碳源汇强度的影响

过量氮和磷引起的海水富营养化引起了一系列的生态环境效应，探讨二者的耦合关系对阐明全球海洋生态环境变化机制意义重大。本论文首次探讨了过量氮和磷引起的富营养化对海水无机碳体系的影响，通过室内系统模拟实验，构筑了过量氮和磷与无机碳体系变化的定量耦合关系，在此基础上获得了中国近海典型海域特别是南黄海近十年氮和磷演变引起的无机碳源汇格局变化，获得了以下一系列新的结果和认识： 1、不同营养盐（NO3-、NH4+、NO2-和PO43-）对水体溶解无机碳体系均有重要影响，且影响程度有较大的差异。 在模拟实验中，当NO3-<188 μmol/L，NH4+<126 μmol/L，NO2-<39.5 μmol/L时均可明显提高水体的固碳能力，相应水体中的DIC、HCO3-和 pCO2均较空白对照组时有一定程度的下降。当N浓度达到一定值后，其固碳能力减弱，DIC、HCO3-和pCO2出现相反变化。当NH4+>126 μmol/L和NO2->39.5 μmol/L时pCO2增加，向大气释放CO2。在PO43-添加组中，当浓度小于19.5μmol/L时DIC、pCO2较空白对照组下降，水体表现为大气CO2的汇，其固碳能力高于N组。在孔石莼添加组中，各营养盐组水体的固碳能力均高于空白对照组，相应水体中DIC、HCO3-和pCO2的下降明显。其中，同一营养盐浓度水平下，NH4+组中各无机碳组分的变化幅度明显高于NO3-和NO2-组，PO43-组的无机碳体系变化幅度低于N组。其中，当NO3-、NH4+和NO2-浓度分别在71 μmol/L，49.7 μmol/L和11.7 μmol/L时，pCO2下降明显，水体表现为大气CO2的强汇。对无机碳各参数的变化量与营养盐进行多元回归分析，得到以下统计关系： ⊿DIC=-0.937(⊿PO43-)-0.34(⊿NO3-)-0.46(⊿NH4+)+0.11(⊿NO2-)（R2=0.69, n=30，Sig.<0.05） ⊿HCO3-=-1.357(⊿PO43-)-0.35(⊿NO3-)-0.57(⊿NH4+)-0.013(⊿NO2-)（R2=0.76, n=32, Sig.<0.05） ⊿CO32-=0.344(⊿PO43-)+0.16(⊿NO3-)+0.18(⊿NH4+)+0.076(⊿NO2-)（R2=0.69, n=32, Sig.<0.05） ⊿pCO2=-1.321(⊿PO43-)-0.12(⊿NO3-)-0.31(⊿NH4+)-0.032(⊿NO2-)（R2=0.84, n=35, Sig.<0.01） 2．氮、磷对海水无机碳体系的源汇格局影响主要受控于水体浮游藻类对营养盐的利用。 模拟实验各种情况下Chl-a的浓度均有不同程度的变化。在N组中，当NH4+<126 μmol/L，随着NH4+浓度的增加，Chl-a浓度增加，而高浓度（NH4+>126 μmol/L）的实验组中，Chl-a则随浓度的增加而下降。当NO2-和PO43-的浓度分别大于39.5 μmol/L和19.5 μmol/L时，水体中Chl-a随营养盐浓度的增加而出现下降趋势，不同的是NO3-添加组在实验浓度范围内藻类均出现了不同程度的增长，这可能与浮游藻类对过量营养盐的耐受性不同有关。在低浓度时，PO43-组pCO2的下降最为明显，这与 PO43-组Chl-a的含量较高相一致，其次为NH4+，NO3-高于NO2-，可见在实验水体中PO43-对于藻类新陈代谢作用影响明显，从而作用到无机碳上的影响也就最为明显。对各实验水体⊿Chl-a与无机碳各组分作相关性分析发现，⊿Chl-a与⊿pCO2的相关性最为明显（R2=0.75，p<0.0001），这可能是因为浮游藻类光合作用和分解作用消耗或生成的首先是海水中的游离CO2（即pCO2）。在孔石莼组中，由于大藻对过量营养盐的耐受性较强，因此各组中藻类干重均有一定程度的增长。藻类干重的增加以NH4+最为明显，其次为NO3-和NO2-，这可能与其对N盐的优先吸收顺序NH4+>NO3->NO2-有关。加PO43-组中藻类的干重增加量低于NH4+和NO3-组，这与大藻的生理特性有关。对藻类干重增加量⊿m与⊿DIC作相关性发现，二者相关性明显（R2=0.64，p<0.01），这是由于孔石莼光合作用同时吸收HCO3-和CO2为碳源有关。 3、近年来，中国近海由于海水过量氮磷引起的富营养化，可使大部分海域海水无机碳汇强度增加 应用室内模拟获得的无机碳与氮、磷之间的定量耦合关系，估算了过量氮、磷引起的富营养化条件下，中国近海水体无机碳源汇的变化情况。结果表明，近十年来，由于氮、磷浓度的增加而导致渤海、南黄海、北黄海和东海每年从大气中多吸收0.197×106t C、0.302×106t C、0.039×106t C和2.233×106t C，东中国近海营养要素的含量的变化及组成比例的时间性和地区性差异是造成各海区碳通量差异的重要因素；对2006年南黄海水文、化学、生物与无机碳体系之间的相互关系进行综合分析，可知水体无机碳体系与营养盐水平密切相关。

Identification of factors affecting the growth and survival of the settling Japanese flounder larvae, Paralichthys olivaceus

A series of experiments were conducted to identify the factors that affected the growth and survival of the settling flounder larvae Paralichthys olivaceus. Settling larvae 24 days after hatching (DAH) were reared in 10-l experimental tanks up to 40 DAH, and two of the following factors were changed as controlled factors in each experiment: light regime (24L:0D or 12L:12D), prey density (1500, 3000, or 5000 Artemia l(-1)), shelter (sand or no sand) and stocking density (5, 10, or 15 fish l(-1)). Early settling larvae (24-35 DAH) experienced little mortality (less than 10% of the overall mortality) that was not significantly affected by above factors. In contrast, late settling larvae (36-40 DAH) suffered high cannibalistic mortality which was significantly influenced by each of the above factors. Larvae experienced significantly lower mortality at 10 fish l(-1) level than at other densities. Larvae at 15 fish l(-1) level had higher mortality than at 5 fish l(-1) when all other factors were identical. Larvae at 3000 and 5000 Artemia l(-1) treatments survived significantly better than at 1500 Artemia l(-1), but no significant differences in larval mortality were found between the two higher densities. Larvae suffered higher mortality at low prey density or at the absence of sand when they were exposed to longer photoperiod. Low stocking density significantly improved the growth of the settling larvae. The average daily instantaneous growth rate (G) at 5 and 15 fish l(-1) treatments were 0.050 and 0.034, with the coefficient of variation (CV) in final length at 16.4 and 23.5, respectively. Daily instantaneous growth rate increased significantly from 0.033 in the 1500 Artemia l(-1) to 0.041 and 0.045 in the 3000 and 5000 Artennia l(-1), respectively, but no significant difference in larval growth existed between the two higher prey densities. These findings suggested that the optimal prey density for growth and survival of the settling flounder larvae at a stocking density of 5 - 15 fish l(-1) was around 3000 Artemia l(-1) . Larvae that were exposed to 24L showed 20% increase in growth ( G = 0.046, CV = 18.7) than those exposed to 12L ( G = 0.037, CV = 20.5). Longer exposure to light significantly improved larval growth, provided sufficient food was available. Sand substrate did not show significant effects on larval growth, possibly because the larvae spent most of the time swimming or feeding in the water column during this stage. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

IL15／PAP融合蛋白基因克隆及其原核与植物表达载体的构建

将IL15和PAP基因通过一甘氨酸接头（Gly4Ser）3连接在一起，构建原核和植物表达载体，以期表达具有导向杀伤活性的融合蛋白．在引物设计中，通过引物在IL15基因下游引入（Gly4Ser）3的编码序列和Bam HI位点，然后采取分步克隆及PCR、酶切、连接等一系列分子克隆方法，将IL15和PAP基因融合在一起，构建融合蛋白的原核与植物表达载体．经PCR和Nco Ⅰ／Sal Ⅰ双酶切鉴定及测序，证实原核表达载体pET32a-IL15／PAP及植物表达载体pB-ⅠP中均插入了正确的融合基因序列．

高寒草甸小嵩草种群繁殖生态学研究

研究从繁殖生态学的角度对高寒草甸小嵩草（Kobresia pygmaea）种群进行了初步研究。结果表明：小嵩草属寒冷中生密丛短根茎地下芽植物，在高寒生境中采用以营养繁殖为主、有性繁殖为辅的繁殖策略，具体体现在以下几个方面：啼然小嵩草种子产量达4553.8粒/m~2，但种子萌发率较低，室内和野外萌发率分别仅有4%和1%，经氢氧化钠溶液和赤霉素溶液处理后的种子萌发率分别为1%和2%，而剥去种皮后种子萌发率达52.6%，种皮坚硬是造成种子萌发率低的主要原因；进入种子库、保留至返青期且具有活性的种子仅占种子总数的24.35%，其室内萌发率仅有3%，而在野外理论实生苗仅为11.09个/m~2，与此相反小嵩草营养繁殖所形成的新个体数为6256.25个/m~2，远远多于种子萌发所形成的实生苗数。此外，小嵩草营养繁殖效力也远高于有性繁殖效力，营养繁殖效力占总繁殖效力的90.92%。

CO2H2O and energy exchange of an Inner Mongolia steppe ecosystem during a dry and wet year

We used an eddy covariance technique to measure evapotranspiration and carbon flux over two very different growing seasons for a typical steppe on the Inner Mongolia Plateau, China. The rainfall during the 2004 growing season (344.7 mm) was close to the annual average (350.43 mm). In contrast, precipitation during the 2005 growing season was significantly lower than average (only 126 mm). The wet 2004 growing season had a higher peak evapotranspiration (4 mm day(-1)) than did the dry 2005 growing season (3.3 mm day(-1)). In 2004, latent heat flux was mainly a consumption resource for net radiation, accounting for similar to 46% of net radiation. However, sensible heat flux dominated the energy budget over the whole growing season in 2005, accounting for 60% of net radiation. The evaporative rate (LE/R-n) dropped by a factor of four from the non-soil stress to soil water limiting conditions. Maximum half-hourly CO2 uptake was -0.68 mg m(-2) s(-1) and maximum ecosystem exchange was 4.3 g CO2 m(-2) day(-1) in 2004. The 2005 drought growing stage had a maximum CO2 exchange value of only -0.22 mg m(-2) s(-1) and a continuous positive integrated-daily CO2 flux over the entire growing season, i.e. the ecosystem became a net carbon source. Soil respiration was temperature dependent when the soil was under non-limiting soil moisture conditions, but this response declined with soil water stress. Water availability and a high vapor pressure deficit severely limited carbon fixing of this ecosystem; thus, during the growing season, the capacity to fix CO2 was closely related to both timing and frequency of rainfall events. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.

基于EIV模型的点线位姿估计研究

位姿估计是计算机视觉的一个重要的研究内容，它在目标定位、摄像机标定、手眼系统、移动机器人及三维重建等领域有着广泛的应用。常用的确定目标位姿的视觉方法包括基于模型的单目视觉方法和双目视觉方法。目前，单目视觉方法大多采取点特征和线特征，这是因为点线特征的提取比较容易，而且具有数学上的简易性。在实现目标位姿测量时，像素量化引起的特征点的图像坐标噪声是不可避免的问题，它必将引起物体的位姿计算值的误差。同时，为了充分利用图像处理中提取的点线特征，我们希望能将这些特征在一个统一的数学模型下进行位姿估计。针对上述问题，本文取得了如下研究成果： 首先，采用双重四元数同时表示旋转和平移，从而将点线特征约束统一成二次型约束的形式。这种形式利于采用伪线性化方法简化问题，进而通过迭代算法求解位姿参数。 然后，为了在位姿估计中考虑到量化误差的影响，引入了EIV模型描述影响点线特征投影的量化误差。同时，给出了优化目标函数，提出了基于奇异值分解的迭代算法来估计位姿参数，并在迭代算法中通过增加一条收敛规则解决了实现过程中遇到的振荡问题，保证了算法的收敛。和传统的迭代算法相比，该算法具有以下两个特点：第一，受初始值的影响小，实验中采用随机初值依然可以收敛；第二，迭代过程不是采用传统的步长搜索，收敛速度快。此外，本文还研究了位姿参数估计值的统计特性，证明了估计值的无偏性。 最后，考虑到量化误差、点线特征数目和目标相对摄像机的距离等影响位姿估计结果的几个因素，本文设计了仿真实验和实际实验分别对点特征和线特征的位姿估计进行测试。结果表明：该算法可以应用于任意三个以上点特征和线特征的情况，受初值影响小，收敛快，提高了位姿估计结果的精度和鲁棒性。